BOOK4課前輔助學(xué)習(xí)-Unit4Globalization

1、Unit 4 GlobalizationText A In Search of Davas ManUseful Expressions在課文中劃出相應(yīng)表達(dá))1.掃除13.與漸行漸遠(yuǎn)2.尋找14.文化斷層3.國家認(rèn)同15.處于的前沿4.狂熱信徒16.開辟一條通向的道路5.認(rèn)為17.一個(gè)創(chuàng)新的卓越環(huán)境6.量/、遲疑18.根據(jù)對(duì)各國人口和經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的預(yù)計(jì)7.國際商業(yè)精英19.從脫離8.少數(shù)幾位20.低薪流動(dòng)勞工9.沒完沒了的認(rèn)真的討論21.醫(yī)療保健體系10.資本、勞動(dòng)力和技術(shù)的流動(dòng)22.跨國界經(jīng)營11.最佳地點(diǎn)23.更別提12.全球超級(jí)物種24.狹隘民族主義Difficult SentencesBro

2、wder now manages $ billion in assets.What information can you get from the sentence(=Browder is quite a rich businessman and right now there are $ billion worth of assets under at his investment firm.)2. Translate the sentence into Chinese(=布勞德如今掌管著價(jià)值16億美元的資產(chǎn)。)"National identity makes no differ

3、ence for me," he says.Why does Browder say so(=Because he doesn't think he only belongs to the countries he was born, studied, or worked. He shares the history, culture, or language of other countries. He is undoubtedly international.)Although Browder and Mandl define their nationality diff

4、erently, both see their identity as a matter of personal choice, not an accident of birth.1. How do you understand “ not an accident of birth”(=not the place of their birth)2. Translate the sentence into Chinese(=雖然布勞德和曼德爾對(duì)各自的國籍界定不同，他們都將國籍視為個(gè)人選擇, 而不是由出生地決定的。)Whatever their considerable differences,

5、most Davos Men and Women share at least one belief: that globalization, the unimpeded flows of capital, labor and technology across national borders, is both welcome and unstoppable.1. Underline the main structure of the sentence.(=most Davos Men and Women share one belief: that Globalization,is bot

6、h welcome and unstoppable.)2. Translate the sentence into Chinese仔盡管與會(huì)男女各不相同，但他們大多數(shù)有一個(gè)共同信念：全球化，亦即資本、勞動(dòng)力和技術(shù)不受阻礙地跨國界流動(dòng)，是值得歡迎和不可阻擋的。)This disconnect, he says, creates "a major cultural fault line.1. What can we infer from the sentence(=Years ago, people loved their country and considered national

7、Identity important.)2. Paraphrase the sentence(=The disconnection forms an important line dividing a culture into two camps, which is likely to cause problems.)"If the issue is how the pie is divided, if you're in the Western world you could question that."1. What does that" refer

8、 to(=It refers to globalization.)2. Translate the sentence into Chinese(=如果問題在于蛋糕怎么分，而你又是西方人，那你就會(huì)質(zhì)疑全球化。)2. Words and Expressionsglobalization: n. free flows of capital, labor, technology, and personal contact across national borders* Some see the spread of English as an international language as jus

9、t another consequence of globalization.(=Thanks to globalization, the burger you buy in Moscow is exactly the same as the one you buy in New York.)sweep aside: clear away or get rid of suddenly or forcefully; refuse to pay attention to sth./ sb. says* Anyway, by then she was sure that Julius would s

10、imply have swept any curbs aside.他們對(duì)所有的反對(duì)意見不予理睬。(=They swept all the objections aside.)Pattern:sweep away掃清，迅速消滅sweep out掃掉；清除sweep over眺望,環(huán)視sweep up打掃干凈，收拾干凈strengthen: vt. become stronger or make sth. strongerWe must strengthen the weak links.(=The President's first priority was to strengthen

11、the economy.)asset: n.1) (usu. pl) money or property that a person or company ownsintang* Copyrights, patents, trademarks, brand names, and trade secrets are all part of a company' s目前，他們的資產(chǎn)有 623萬美元。(=Currently, they have $6,230,000 in assets.)2) an advantage or a resource*The most powerful asse

12、t we have is our skilled, dedicated workforce.(=A sense of humor is an important asset for any teacher.)Collocation:capital/ fixed assets資本 /固定資產(chǎn)cash assets現(xiàn)金資產(chǎn)liquid/ circulating/ current assets流動(dòng)資產(chǎn)net assets凈資產(chǎn)make no / little difference: have no / little effect (on), be of no / little importance

13、(to)*That does not mean it makes no difference to social welfare which rules we settle upon.姚明的缺席似乎對(duì)休斯頓火箭隊(duì)沒有太大的影響。(=The absence of Yao Ming seemed to make little difference to the performance of the Houston Rockets.)identify as: recognize and correctly name someone or sth.*His accent identified him

14、as a Frenchman.(=The policeman identified him as the thief.)elite: n. a group of people who have a lot of power and influence because they have money, knowledge, or special skills*Only a small elite can afford to send their children to this school.這些人構(gòu)成了有決定權(quán)的精英集團(tuán)。(=These people form an elite who hav

15、e the power to make decisions.)Collocation:political/social/economic elite 政治 / 社會(huì) / 經(jīng)濟(jì)精英a handful of: a very small number of people or things:*That place was of little interest. I only took a handful of pictures.(=What counts is having a handful of young that are exceptional.)earnest: adj. marked b

16、y or showing deep sincerity or seriousness*Friends described Jackson as an earnest, hard-working young man.你可以笑，但我絕對(duì)是認(rèn)真的。(=You may laugh but I ' m in deadly earnest.Collocation:in earnest鄭重地；嚴(yán)肅認(rèn)真CF: earnest, serious, severe這三個(gè)形容詞均有嚴(yán)肅的”之意。earnest指嚴(yán)肅，認(rèn)真，含誠懇和熱情意味。例如 :* I could tell she was speaking

17、 in earnest. 我看得出來她的話是當(dāng)真的。serious 指具有關(guān)鍵、嚴(yán)肅或嚴(yán)重意義的事情。例如 ：* We give serious consideration to safety recommendations.我們認(rèn)真考慮安全建議。severe 指面孔的嚴(yán)肅，法律的嚴(yán)厲，傷病的嚴(yán)重。著重嚴(yán)厲性，無絲毫溫情。例如：* Many people feel the punishment should have been more severe. 許多人認(rèn)為懲罰本應(yīng)該更力口嚴(yán)厲些。considerable: adj. fairly large, especially large enou

18、gh to have an effect or be important* Attracting tourists to the area is going to take considerable effort.(=A considerable amount of research was done here by our science department.)interconnect: vi. connect to or with each other* Our operating system can now interconnect with other networks.人們的生活

19、是如何互相聯(lián)系在一起的，真是不可思議。(=It ' s strange how people ' s lives interconnect.advantageous: adj. helpful and likely to make you successful* Many bus companies provide advantageous fare tickets especially for tourists.你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)等幾周再作答復(fù)是很有好處的。(=You may find it advantageous to wait a few weeks before replyin

20、g.)NB: aadvantageous的名詞形式為"advantagei與其搭配常用的短語是：“have the advantage of 宥優(yōu)勢(shì)"；"take advantage of "(以不正當(dāng)手段)禾U用；占便宜 ”entitle: vt.1) give a title to 給題名，給 取名*She was reading a poem entitled Auguries of Innocence.(=He entitled the book The Secret Garden.)2) give someone the official ri

21、ght to do or have sth.*Full-time employees are entitled to receive health insurance.他們有資格享有許多優(yōu)惠和特權(quán)。(=They are entitled to enjoy many advantages and privileges.)Pattern:be entitled叫做,稱為be entitled to (do) sth.又.享有權(quán)利 /有資格vanish: vi. disappear suddenly, especially in a way that cannot be easily explain

22、ed*My keys were here a minute ago but now they've vanished.(=The plane vanished from radar screens soon after taking off.)CF: vanish, disappear, evaporate 這三個(gè)動(dòng)詞均有消失”之意。 vanish語氣強(qiáng)，指完全、往往是神秘而突然的消失，不留任何蛛絲馬跡。disappear 普通用詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)從視線或腦海中消失。這消失可能是暫時(shí)的、突然的或永久的，視上下文而定。 evaporate指像水蒸發(fā)時(shí)那樣悄然逝去，也指某人悄悄地、突然退出或離去。(

23、Directions:) Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.1. Drugs won't make the pain altogether, but they will help.(=disappear)2. All hopes of finding the boy alive have. (=vanished)3. Hopes of achieving peace are beginning to. (=evaporate)4. Before she could screa

24、m, the man had into the night. (=vanished)5. 13 year-old Nicola from her home on Saturday night. (=disappeared)6. They then fan the water so that it and in doing so lowers the temperature. (=evaporates)7. By the time of the trial, the tape had mysteriously. (=disappeared)facilitate: vt. make it easi

25、er for a process or activity to happen* Both centers are electronically linked to facilitate communication.學(xué)校都建在同一校區(qū)內(nèi)，以便資源共享。(=Schools were located in the same campus to facilitate the sharing of resources.) 16. (Para. 4) at odds with: in conflict with; disagreeing or quarrelling with*The government

26、 decision to raise taxes was at odds with their policies on inflation. (=Briggs found himself at odds with his colleagues.)矛盾；不一致沒有關(guān)系，無關(guān)緊要占優(yōu)勢(shì)小事；不要緊的東西Collocation:at oddsit makes no oddstake oddsodds and ends be committed to: promise to do (sth.); be devoted to*A lot of money has been committed to th

27、is project.中國承諾發(fā)展低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)。(=China is committed to pursuing a low carbon economy.) endorse: vt. express formal support or approval for someone or sth.* The Prime Minister is unlikely to endorse this view.(=I fully endorse the measures taken to improve safety standards.)Collocation:endorse a proposal/an i

28、dea/a candidate贊成提議 / 想法/候選人endorse a cheque背書支票erase: vt. get rid of sth. so that it has gone completely and no longer exists* Their dream is to erase poverty and injustice from the world.沒有什么東西可以使他忘記那件事。(=Nothing can erase the incident from his memory.)CF： erase, delete這兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞都有“去掉，抹去”之意。erase 指 “把寫

29、的或畫的痕跡擦去或刮掉”，用于比喻意義時(shí)，指“從記憶中抹去”，例如：He erased the wronganswer and wrote in the right one.他擦去了錯(cuò)誤答案 ,寫上了正確答案。又如：Nothing can erase the incident fromhis memory.沒有什么東西可以使他忘記那件事。delete 指“去掉、擦掉(字跡等)”、“勾掉、刪掉(字句等)”，例如：If you delete several words, we can put the whole story on one page.如果你刪去幾個(gè)字，我們可把整個(gè)故事寫在一頁上。ac

30、celerate: v. (cause to) move faster or happen earlier* Mr Henley has accelerated his sale of shares over the past year.選手們跑過彎道時(shí)平穩(wěn)地加速。(=The runners accelerated smoothly round the bend.) forefront: n. the foremost part or area*The company has always been at the forefront of science and technology.(=Co

31、mpanies compete to stay at the forefront of research and development.) witness:Pattern :at/in/to the forefront (of sth) keep sb/sth at/in/ tocome into/to位于最前列；成為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力量 使保持在最前列躍居最前列1. vt. be present and see* The crash was witnessed by scores of holiday weekenders along the beach.20世紀(jì)80年代，電子傳媒得到了空前的發(fā)展。(

32、=The 1980s witnessed an unprecedented increase in the scope of the electronic media.)2. n. someone who sees a crime or an accident and can describe what happened* Police have appealed for witnesses to come forward.(=The witness was asked to identify the defendant in the courtroom.)beat a path to/ be

33、at down sb s door: if people beat a path to your door, they are interested in sth. you are selling, a service you are providing etc.* The new design was supposed to have consumers beating a path to their door.現(xiàn)在她已經(jīng)成名 ,她家門庭若市。(=Now that she has become famous, all sorts of people will be beating a pat

34、h to herdoor.)Pattern:beat a path to/ beat down sb s door門庭若市beat a big drum for/about為鼓吹；;為大肆宣傳beat a bargain還價(jià)成交remarkable: adj. unusual or surprising and therefore deserving attention or praise* Clark did a remarkable job setting things up for the meeting.(=She has made remarkable progress.)CF: r

35、emarkable, outstanding, striking這三個(gè)形容詞均有顯著的，引人注意的”之意。remarkable通常指因有與眾不同的特點(diǎn)或優(yōu)越性而引起人們注意或稱道。outstanding通常指與同行或同類的人相比顯得優(yōu)秀或杰出，或具有他人或別的事物所沒有的特征。striking強(qiáng)調(diào)能給觀察者產(chǎn)生強(qiáng)烈而深刻印象。(Directions:) Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.1. From the outside, the most aspect of the build

36、ing is its tall, slender tower. (=striking)2. It's a achievement for the company. (=remarkable)3. The lowest ranks of society showed the most and significant contrasts. (=striking)4. With her mass of black hair and pale skin she looked very. (=striking)5. The book is a series of interviews with

37、artists and writers. (=outstanding)6. His drawings are for their accuracy. (=remarkable)7. She would create something special, something for her.(=outstanding)landmark: n.1) sth. that is easy to recognize, such as a tall tree or building, and thathelps you know where you are* The Washington Monument

38、 is a popular historical landmark.這座塔曾是船只的陸標(biāo)。(=The tower was once a landmark for ships.)2) one of the most important events, changes, or discoveries that influences someone or sth.* The Reform and Open Door Policy has become a landmark in Chinese history.小孩的出世是所有相關(guān)人生活中一件大事。(=The birth of a child is

39、an important landmark in the lives of all concerned.)overtake (overtook, overtaken):1) v. go past a moving vehicle or person because you are going faster than them and want to get in front of them* Before you start to overtake, make sure the road is clear ahead of you.(=Two trucks overtaking one ano

40、ther brushed him to the side.)2) vt. catch up with or pass after catching up with"Television soon overtook the cinema as the most popular form ofentertainment.在工業(yè)產(chǎn)量方面德國迅速超過了英國。(=Germany rapidly overtook Britain in industrial output.)NB:前綴over可以放在名詞，動(dòng)詞，形容詞前邊表達(dá)" too much過分” 的含義。例如:a overpopulation人白過“ ?！?；overwork ”過度工作"；"overweight""超重的"。displace: vt. take the place of; replace* Coal has been displaced by natural gas as a major source of energy.(=Some of the companies that have been displaced h