動(dòng)詞的分類lily

1、中學(xué)英語語法復(fù)習(xí)動(dòng)詞的分類動(dòng)詞的分類動(dòng)詞的分類 英語中表示動(dòng)作狀態(tài)的詞叫做動(dòng)英語中表示動(dòng)作狀態(tài)的詞叫做動(dòng)詞詞。 根據(jù)其在句中的功能，動(dòng)詞可分為根據(jù)其在句中的功能，動(dòng)詞可分為行為動(dòng)詞（實(shí)義動(dòng)詞）、系動(dòng)詞、助行為動(dòng)詞（實(shí)義動(dòng)詞）、系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞四類，有些動(dòng)詞是兼動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞四類，有些動(dòng)詞是兼類詞，即身份可兩種。類詞，即身份可兩種。實(shí)義動(dòng)詞實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞又稱行為動(dòng)詞，是表示行為、實(shí)義動(dòng)詞又稱行為動(dòng)詞，是表示行為、動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的詞。它的詞義完整，可以動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的詞。它的詞義完整，可以單獨(dú)作謂語單獨(dú)作謂語。 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞根據(jù)后面是否可以直接加賓語，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞根據(jù)后面是否可以直接加賓語，可分為及物

2、動(dòng)詞（可分為及物動(dòng)詞（Transitive Verb）不及）不及物動(dòng)詞（物動(dòng)詞（Intransitive Verb），縮寫形式分），縮寫形式分別為別為vt. 和和vi.。 及物動(dòng)詞后直接加賓語，使其意義完整；及物動(dòng)詞后直接加賓語，使其意義完整； 不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞后無須加賓語，其意義也完整后無須加賓語，其意義也完整 不及物動(dòng)詞后需要接賓語時(shí)，要在其后加上不及物動(dòng)詞后需要接賓語時(shí)，要在其后加上一個(gè)合適的介詞。一個(gè)合適的介詞。 有的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞既可做有的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞既可做vt也可作也可作vi. I want a new dictionary.That baby is crying.我想要一本新字典我想要

3、一本新字典.那個(gè)嬰兒正在哭那個(gè)嬰兒正在哭.Please listen to the teacher carefully！請(qǐng)認(rèn)真聽老師講！請(qǐng)認(rèn)真聽老師講！Jenny is studying French. Jenny is studying at No.3 Middle School. 英語的行為動(dòng)詞有持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和瞬間性動(dòng)詞之分，使用中應(yīng)注意兩英語的行為動(dòng)詞有持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和瞬間性動(dòng)詞之分，使用中應(yīng)注意兩者的區(qū)別。者的區(qū)別。一、持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞一、持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作可以持續(xù)一段時(shí)間或更長時(shí)間。常見的有表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作可以持續(xù)一段時(shí)間或更長時(shí)間。常見的有study,study,play,play,do,do

4、,read,read,learn,learn,drive,drive,write,write,clean,clean,slean,slean,sleepsleep, ,speak,speak,talk,talk,wait,wait,fly,fly,stay,stay,write,write,sit,sit,stand,stand,lie,lie,keepkeep等等。二、瞬間性動(dòng)詞二、瞬間性動(dòng)詞表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在一瞬間，非常短暫。亦稱終止性動(dòng)詞。常見的表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在一瞬間，非常短暫。亦稱終止性動(dòng)詞。常見的有有begin,begin,start,start,finish,finish,go,

5、go,come,come,leave,leave,find,find,getgetup,up,arrive,arrive,rereach,ach,getgetto,to,enter,enter,hear,hear,stop,stop,open,open,close,close,become,become,buy,buy,borroborrow,w,lend,lend,happen,happen,join,join,lose,lose,renew,renew,die,die,taketakeaway,away,putputup,up,setsetout,out,putputon,on,getge

6、ton/offon/off等。等。以上已集中了初中教材的大部分持續(xù)以上已集中了初中教材的大部分持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞及瞬間性動(dòng)詞。性動(dòng)詞及瞬間性動(dòng)詞。三、用法三、用法1 1、以上兩類動(dòng)詞都能用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，例如：、以上兩類動(dòng)詞都能用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，例如：HeHehashasstudiedstudiedEnglishEnglishforforthreethreeyears.years.（他學(xué)英語已有（他學(xué)英語已有3 3年了。年了。）HeHehashasjoinedjoinedthetheParty.Party.（他已入黨了。）（他已入黨了。）MumMumisnisnt tatathome.home.SheSh

7、ehashasgonegonetotothethelibrary.library.（媽媽不在家，她（媽媽不在家，她去圖書館了。）去圖書館了。）2 2、持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞在完成時(shí)中能與表示持續(xù)一段時(shí)間的狀語連用，而、持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞在完成時(shí)中能與表示持續(xù)一段時(shí)間的狀語連用，而瞬間性動(dòng)詞則不能。例如：瞬間性動(dòng)詞則不能。例如：His His parentsparentstalkedtalkedwithwiththetheteacherteacherforforhalfhalfananhour.hour.（他的父母跟老師談了半個(gè)小時(shí)。）（他的父母跟老師談了半個(gè)小時(shí)。）My parents have lived in

8、 Shanghai since 1950.（我父母親從（我父母親從1950年起就住在上海了。）年起就住在上海了。） 3 3、瞬間性動(dòng)詞在完成時(shí)中如要與表示持續(xù)一段時(shí)間的狀語連用，可用意思相當(dāng)、瞬間性動(dòng)詞在完成時(shí)中如要與表示持續(xù)一段時(shí)間的狀語連用，可用意思相當(dāng)?shù)某掷m(xù)性動(dòng)詞來替換，例如：的持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞來替換，例如：He has been in the army/a soldier for three years.He has been in the army/a soldier for three years.（他參軍已有（他參軍已有3 3年了。年了。）不能用）不能用has joinedhas jo

9、inedShe has been up for quite some time.She has been up for quite some time.（她起床已有好久了。）不能用（她起床已有好久了。）不能用has got up has got up Has your brother been away from home for a long time?Has your brother been away from home for a long time?（你哥哥離家已有（你哥哥離家已有好久了嗎？）不能用好久了嗎？）不能用has lefthas left常用瞬間動(dòng)詞相應(yīng)持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞關(guān)系如下：

10、常用瞬間動(dòng)詞相應(yīng)持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞關(guān)系如下：1 1、gobe away 2gobe away 2、comebe herecomebe here3 3、come backbe back 4come backbe back 4、leavebe awayleavebe away（be not herebe not here） 5 5、buyhave 6buyhave 6、borrowkeep 7borrowkeep 7、diebe dead 8diebe dead 8、beginbe on 9beginbe on 9、finishbe over 10finishbe over 10、openbe openo

11、penbe open1111、closebe closed 12closebe closed 12、losebe lost 13losebe lost 13、get to knowget to knowknow 14know 14、turn onbe onturn onbe on1515、get upbe up 16get upbe up 16、sit downsit/be seated 17sit downsit/be seated 17、joinjoinbe inbe in（）或）或be amember 18be amember 18、becomebebecomebeExercise3一、

12、選擇正確的答案：一、選擇正確的答案：1、Alicehas(come,been)backforaweek.2.Hisgrandmotherhas(beendead,died)fortenyears.3.Whenwegottothecinema,thefilmhad(begun,beenon)forafewminutes.4.Thelightshave(turnedon,beenon)foroverhalfaday.5.Haveyou(bought,had)thebookongrammarforaweek?Yes,sincelastSunday.系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞亦稱連系動(dòng)詞（系動(dòng)詞亦稱連系動(dòng)詞（

13、Link Verb）。）。系動(dòng)詞一般分為系動(dòng)詞一般分為6類：類：1、表示“是”的動(dòng)詞be。這個(gè)詞在不同的主語后面和不同的時(shí)態(tài)中有不同的形式，is，am，are，was，were，have/has been等要特別予以注意。2 2、表示、表示“感覺感覺”的詞，的詞，如如looklook（看起來），（看起來），feelfeel（覺得，摸起來），（覺得，摸起來），smellsmell（聞起來），（聞起來），soundsound（聽起來），（聽起來），tastetaste（嘗（嘗起來）等，起來）等，例如：例如：SheShelookedlookedtired. tired. I Ifeelfeelill

14、.ill. Cotton Cottonfeelsfeelssoft.soft. The Teresting. TheTheflowersflowerssmellsmellsweet.sweet. The The pillpilltastes tastes terrible. .3、表示、表示“變變”、“變成變成”的意思的詞，的意思的詞，如如become,become,get,get,grow,grow,turn,turn,come,go,都解釋為都解釋為“變變、變得變得”，例如：例如：SheShebecamebeca

15、mea acollegecollegestudent.student. HeHefeelsfeelssick.sick.HisHisfacefaceturns turns white.white.The weather gets warmer and the days get longer when spring comes. He grew old.He went mad last year. My dream will come true in the future. 4.保持狀態(tài)不變的系動(dòng)詞保持狀態(tài)不變的系動(dòng)詞用來表示主語繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度，用來表示主語繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度，主

16、要有主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如：例如：He always kept silent at meeting. 他開會(huì)時(shí)總保持沉默。他開會(huì)時(shí)總保持沉默。This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一個(gè)謎。此事仍是一個(gè)謎。You should stay healthy if you want to live happily.5）表像系動(dòng)詞）表像系動(dòng)詞用來表示用來表示看起來像看起來像這一概念，主要有這一概念，主要有seem, appear, 例如：例如：He appears tired. 他看起來很累。他看起來很累。He

17、seems (to be) very sad. 他看起來很傷心。他看起來很傷心。 6. 終止系動(dòng)詞終止系動(dòng)詞表示主語已終止動(dòng)作，主要有表示主語已終止動(dòng)作，主要有prove, turn out, 表達(dá)表達(dá)證實(shí)證實(shí)之意，之意，例如：例如：The news proved false. 這條新聞證實(shí)有假。這條新聞證實(shí)有假。The search proved difficult. 搜查證實(shí)很難。搜查證實(shí)很難。His plan turned out a success. 他的計(jì)劃終于他的計(jì)劃終于成功了。成功了。（turn out表終止性結(jié)果）表終止性結(jié)果） 注意區(qū)別以下一些動(dòng)詞的用法，它們既可以作為行為動(dòng)

18、詞，又可以作為連系動(dòng)詞1、He is looking at the picture. It looks beautiful. 2. I felt someone touch my arm. Are you felling better today than before? 3.My little brother likes to smell the apple before he eats it.Great! The flowers smell nice. 4.The letter “h” in hour is not sounded. The gun sounded much closer.

19、 5. Please taste the soup. The soup tastes terrible.6. There are some bananas on the table. Each of you can get one. You get older than before. 7. Do you grow rice in your country? Its too late. Its growing dark. 8、The earth turns around the sun.When spring comes, the trees turn green。9. Come here ,

20、please. Have your dream come true?10. Dont go mad again. Go home now。11. Youd better stay in bed if you want to stay healthy.上述句子中的動(dòng)詞如上述句子中的動(dòng)詞如grow、get、turn等，等，既可以作連系動(dòng)詞，又可以作行為動(dòng)詞。既可以作連系動(dòng)詞，又可以作行為動(dòng)詞。如何來辨別它們呢？有一個(gè)最簡(jiǎn)便的方法，如何來辨別它們呢？有一個(gè)最簡(jiǎn)便的方法，即用連系動(dòng)詞即用連系動(dòng)詞be替換句子中的這些動(dòng)詞替換句子中的這些動(dòng)詞，句子仍然成立就是連系動(dòng)詞；反之，不，句子仍然成立就是連系動(dòng)詞；

21、反之，不能替換的，就是行為動(dòng)詞。能替換的，就是行為動(dòng)詞。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞詳見情態(tài)動(dòng)詞詳見情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞PPT情態(tài)動(dòng)詞鞏固練習(xí)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞鞏固練習(xí) (1) He had to give up the plan, _he? A. did B. didnt C. does D. doesnt(2) May I take this book out? No, you_. A. cant B. may not C. neednt D. arent(3)Could I borrow your bike?Yes, of course you_. A. might B. will C. canD. should(4).

22、 I think Jack come here tomorrow. A. need not B. doesnt need C. neednt to D. dont need(5) Its raining hard outside for the whole morning, I _stay at home. A. must B. can C. may D. have toB A C A D 助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞 協(xié)助主要?jiǎng)釉~構(gòu)成謂語動(dòng)詞詞組的協(xié)助主要?jiǎng)釉~構(gòu)成謂語動(dòng)詞詞組的詞叫助動(dòng)詞（詞叫助動(dòng)詞（Auxiliary Verb）。）。 助動(dòng)詞是語法功能詞，助動(dòng)詞是語法功能詞，本身沒有意義，只能和本身沒有意

23、義，只能和主要?jiǎng)釉~一起構(gòu)成各種時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣等動(dòng)詞主要?jiǎng)釉~一起構(gòu)成各種時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣等動(dòng)詞形式形式。它還幫助句子中的主要?jiǎng)釉~形成。它還幫助句子中的主要?jiǎng)釉~形成否定，疑否定，疑問問或強(qiáng)調(diào)等或強(qiáng)調(diào)等。助動(dòng)詞沒有對(duì)應(yīng)的漢譯，例如：助動(dòng)詞沒有對(duì)應(yīng)的漢譯，例如： 他不喜歡英語。他不喜歡英語。 He doesnt like English. （doesnt是助動(dòng)詞，無詞義；是助動(dòng)詞，無詞義；like是主要?jiǎng)釉~，有詞義是主要?jiǎng)釉~，有詞義)最常用的助動(dòng)詞及其用法最常用的助動(dòng)詞及其用法1. do(does,did)用于一般時(shí)態(tài)用于一般時(shí)態(tài)你通常早上六點(diǎn)鐘起床嗎？Do you usually get up a

24、t six oclock in the morning？(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，一般疑問句 )湯姆昨天和誰去了圖書館？湯姆昨天和誰去了圖書館？Who did Tom go to the library with yesterday？(一般過去時(shí)，特殊疑問句一般過去時(shí)，特殊疑問句 )我不知道湯姆的電話號(hào)碼。我不知道湯姆的電話號(hào)碼。I dont know Toms telephone number.(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，否定句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，否定句 )湯姆的確很熟悉這個(gè)地方。湯姆的確很熟悉這個(gè)地方。Tom does know the place well.(“助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞do（doesdid）動(dòng)詞原形）動(dòng)詞原形”表示強(qiáng)

25、調(diào)表示強(qiáng)調(diào) )2. be (am, is, are ,was, were, been)用于進(jìn)行時(shí)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)1） be+現(xiàn)在分詞，構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)現(xiàn)在分詞，構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)一些孩子正在公園中劃船。一些孩子正在公園中劃船。Some children are boating in the park.2）be + 過去分詞，構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)過去分詞，構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)這個(gè)玻璃杯是吉姆打碎的。這個(gè)玻璃杯是吉姆打碎的。The glass was broken by Jim.昨天的這個(gè)時(shí)間你正在做什么？昨天的這個(gè)時(shí)間你正在做什么？What were you doing at this time yesterday? 當(dāng)不明飛

26、行物降落時(shí)你在看電視嗎？當(dāng)不明飛行物降落時(shí)你在看電視嗎？Were you watching TV when the UFO landed?運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)將要被推遲到下一周。運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)將要被推遲到下一周。The sports meeting will be put off until next week.3.have(has,had)用于完成時(shí)態(tài)用于完成時(shí)態(tài)這部電影我已經(jīng)看過了兩次。這部電影我已經(jīng)看過了兩次。I have seen this movie twice/two times.(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，陳述句現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，陳述句 )吉姆尚未完成他的英語作業(yè)。吉姆尚未完成他的英語作業(yè)。Jim hasnt finis

27、hed his English homework yet.(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，否定句現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，否定句 )你一直在收集郵票有多久了你一直在收集郵票有多久了?How long have you been collecting the stamps?(現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)， 疑問句疑問句 )當(dāng)我們到達(dá)電影院時(shí)電影已經(jīng)開始了。當(dāng)我們到達(dá)電影院時(shí)電影已經(jīng)開始了。The film had already begun when we got to the cinema.(過去完成時(shí)，陳述句過去完成時(shí)，陳述句 )當(dāng)你到達(dá)巴士站時(shí)巴士已經(jīng)離開了嗎？當(dāng)你到達(dá)巴士站時(shí)巴士已經(jīng)離開了嗎？Had the bus

28、left when you arrived at the bus stop?(過去完成時(shí)，疑問句過去完成時(shí)，疑問句 )4.用于將來時(shí)shall (should) / will (would)will/shall動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形表示將來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或?qū)泶嬖诘臓顟B(tài)表示將來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或?qū)泶嬖诘臓顟B(tài)有一天你的夢(mèng)想會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)。 Your dreams will come true some day。(一般將來時(shí)，陳述句一般將來時(shí)，陳述句 )學(xué)生們明天上學(xué)嗎學(xué)生們明天上學(xué)嗎? Will the students go to school tomorrow?(一般將來時(shí)，一般疑問句 )小明的哥哥下周將不去香港

29、。小明的哥哥下周將不去香港。 Xiao Mings brother wont go to Hong Kong next week.(一般將來時(shí)，否定句一般將來時(shí)，否定句 )我們明天去參觀一中嗎我們明天去參觀一中嗎? Shall we go to visit No.1 Middle School tomorrow? Tom will marry Mary next year.Will you marry Tom ?Yes, I will.(一般將來時(shí)，一般疑問句一般將來時(shí)，一般疑問句 )區(qū)別以下動(dòng)詞的類型。區(qū)別以下動(dòng)詞的類型。1.We have lunch at ten to twelve. 我

30、們十一點(diǎn)五十分吃午飯。我們十一點(diǎn)五十分吃午飯。(have是行為動(dòng)詞是行為動(dòng)詞)2. I have ever been to Hong Kong. 我曾經(jīng)去過香港。我曾經(jīng)去過香港。(have是助動(dòng)詞是助動(dòng)詞) 3. I am very hungry.我非常餓。我非常餓。(am是連系動(dòng)詞是連系動(dòng)詞) 4. She was knocked down on the way home. 她在回家的路上被撞倒了。她在回家的路上被撞倒了。(was是助動(dòng)詞是助動(dòng)詞) 5.He neednt take an umbrella. 他不需要帶傘。他不需要帶傘。(need是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)6.He needs t

31、o stop to have a rest. 他需要休息一下。他需要休息一下。 (need是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)7. Tom will marry Rose next Sunday。8. Will you marry me？9、I do like English.10. I dont do my homework every day.Tom has three pens in his pencil-box.Tom has gone to Hongkong.His mother was very angry because he did this thing. But he didnt want

32、 to do it really.注意區(qū)別以下一些動(dòng)詞的用法，它們既可以作為行為動(dòng)詞，又可以作為連系動(dòng)詞1、He is looking at the picture. It looks beautiful. 2. I felt someone touch my arm. Are you felling better today than before? 3.My little brother likes to smell the apple before he eats it.Great! The flowers smell nice. 4.The letter “h” in hour is

33、not sounded. The gun sounded much closer. 5. Please taste the soup. The soup tastes terrible.6. There are some bananas on the table. Each of you can get one. You get older than before. 7. Do you grow rice in your country? Its too late. Its growing dark. 8、The earth turns around the sun.When spring comes, the trees turn green。9. Come