新視野大學(xué)英語第三版第一冊第七單元Section B課件ppt

1、 7UNITRays of hope in rising rudeness To master the reading skillTo understand the textTo practice the phrases and patternsTo learn about essay writing Warming-up Reading skills Text study Comparative study Unit projectSection B Warming-upSection B1. What could “a random act of kindness” be accordin

2、g to the song? Try to give examples of a random act of kindness in your daily life. Listen to the song Random Acts of Kindness and discuss the following questions.2. What are the benefits of being kind to others?If something is random, its unplanned. So, a random act of kindness means that you do so

3、mething for someone that you havent planned to do, just to be nice. Examples are given in lines like “For those about to die, we salute you; for those about to cry, we love you; for those of us who live in fear of Happy Christmas and new year, I raise a toast to you.”1. What could “a random act of k

4、indness” be according to the song? Try to give examples of a random act of kindness in your daily life. Listen to the song Random Acts of Kindness and discuss the following questions.In our daily life, a random act of kindness could be anything from giving a stressed parent a hug to offering to shar

5、e lunch with a friend.Just as a famous saying “roses given, fragrance in hand” goes, the benefits of being good to others are as follows: to boost the givers wellbeing, to shift the dynamics of the whole community, to make the giver significantly more popular with their peers, and to help to discour

6、age social problems such as bullying. Since a random act of kindness can make you feel good and doesnt cost anything, it is worthwhile to perform small and simple altruistic (利他的，無私心的) acts.2. What are the benefits of being kind to others? Listen to the song Random Acts of Kindness and discuss the f

7、ollowing questions.1. What do you know about Random Acts of Kindness Foundation?2. What is the goal of the Foundation? How does it work? 3. How can a person contribute to the World Kindness Movement?1. What do you know about Random Acts of Kindness Foundation?the US based nonprofit organization, est

8、ablished in 1995, the powerful belief in kindness, providing resources and tools that encourage acts of kindness.2. What is the goal of the Foundation? How does it work? The Foundation inspires people to practice kindness and to pass it on to others. It provides free educational and community ideas,

9、 guidance, and other resources to kindness participants through its website.3. How can a person contribute to the World Kindness Movement?People in participating nations promote kindness within their countries and are creating a global network of kindness and compassion. Reading skillsSection BWhen

10、you are making a guess about the meaning of a new word in your reading, you can use context clues to help you. You might not be able to guess the exact meaning of a new word every time, but you may be close enough to get the meaning of the sentence containing the new word. The following are six cont

11、ext-based clues that are useful for you to figure out the meaning of a difficult or unfamiliar word. Finding out word meanings Finding out word meanings Synonyms Antonyms Definition or explanation Examples Root words, prefixes, and suffixesTo understand an unfamiliar word, you can look for its synon

12、ym in the context, which may be a familiar word to you. Words like “similarly”, “as well as”, “both and”, and “l(fā)ikewise” show that synonyms or comparison clues are likely to follow. For example: SynonymsTaking out the garbage was an onerous task; likewise, washing dishes can be a hard job. Prof. Smi

13、ths lectures are so riveting. Similarly, Prof. Wilsons classes are very interesting, too. The meaning of “onerous” is likely to be similar to “hard” as indicated by the signal word “l(fā)ikewise”. And the meaning of “riveting” is likely to be similar to “interesting” as indicated by “similarly”. Synonym

14、sAntonymsYou can also use a familiar antonym to determine the meaning of an unknown word. So, it is helpful to locate the antonym of the unknown word. Connecting words, such as “however”, “yet”, “on the other hand”, “instead of”, “but”, “while”, and “although” are likely to introduce something oppos

15、ite in meaning to what is previously said. For example: AntonymsMy sister is extremely neat and tidy in appearance while she is slovenly in doing housework. Some business disputes can be settled out of court; on the other hand, others require litigation. The meaning of “slovenly” must be contrary to

16、 “neat and tidy” as indicated by “while”. And the word “l(fā)itigation” most probably means “be settled in court” with the contrastive clue “on the other hand”. Definition or explanation Definitions tell us directly the meaning of the unfamiliar word. The clues preceding the definition are or act like l

17、inking verbs. Examples of these verbs include “be” (“is”, “are”, “was”, “were”), “mean”, “involve”, “be called”, “i.e.”, or “in other words”. Definition or explanation You may also find explanation about an unfamiliar word in the context, information youre you are familiar with and set off by commas

18、, parenthesis, brackets, or dashes. For example: A souk is an open-air marketplace in an Arab country. Metamemory, the knowledge about ones memory processes, is helpful in helping us store and recall information. ExamplesYou can guess the meaning of an unknown word with the help of the example(s). E

19、xamples are usually introduced by the following words and phrases: “such as”, “such”, “for example”, and “l(fā)ike”. For example: Potentates, such as kings, queens, and emperors, are very powerful and wealthy people. The word “potentate” must be people like “kings, queens, and emperors”. Root words, pre

20、fixes, and suffixesKnowledge about word formation can also help you guess the meaning of an unfamiliar word. In other words, if you have a good command of the common prefixes and suffixes, you would be more likely to figure out the meaning of an unfamiliar multi-syllabic word by analyzing its word f

21、ormation. Sometimes the best way to illustrate how to do something is by counterexample. Gently swing your right arm in a clockwise direction. Root words, prefixes, and suffixesSometimes the best way to illustrate how to do something is by counterexample. Gently swing your right arm in a clockwise d

22、irection. If you know the prefix “counter-” means “the opposite of something” and the suffix “-wise” means “in the direction of”, then it would not be difficult for you to work out the meanings of “counterexample” and “clockwise”. Beside, common sense and knowledge can be one additional skill.You ma

23、y also use your common sense or your knowledge about the real world to determine the meaning of an unknown word. This is very important, especially when none of the above five clues can be found in the sentence. For example: Common sense and knowledge Common sense and knowledge The angry driver shou

24、ted vehemently during his fight with the other driver. If industrial waste water is discharged directly into a river from chemical factories without treatment, the river will be contaminated, and people and animals that drink the river water could be poisoned. Common sense and knowledge We know what

25、 “angry” means, and we know how people feel when they fight. So we can guess that the word “vehemently” in the first sentence has something to do with strong emotion or intense feeling. In the second sentence, according to our knowledge, industrial waste water without treatment can cause pollution,

26、so “contaminate” most likely means “pollute”. A. workers B. citizens C. Students D.tourists 1. It is generally thought around the world that the inhabitants of large cities are ruder than their fellow citizens from smaller towns or the countryside. B. citizens Reading the following sentences from Te

27、xt B and figure out the meanings of the underlined words.A. helper B. assistance C. annoyance D. entertainer 2. Its common to hear people on the bus or subway talking on their cell phones very loudly, being a nuisance to those around them.C. annoyanceReading the following sentences from Text B and f

28、igure out the meanings of the underlined words.A. Odd B. Rude C. Impractical D. Embarrassing 3. Disgraceful insults are shouted and even bottles and trash are thrown at road crews by upset drivers because lanes are restricted. D. EmbarrassingReading the following sentences from Text B and figure out

29、 the meanings of the underlined words.A. business B. strength C. occupation D. pattern 4. In fact, some see a new pattern emerging in big cities the “norm of non-involvement ” as one psychologist calls it. D. pattern Reading the following sentences from Text B and figure out the meanings of the unde

30、rlined words. Text studySection B1. Read the title of text B and predict the topic of the text. And what is the writers viewpoint of the topic concerned? 2. What is the popular attitude towards rising rudeness in public experiences? ( para.1)3. Who do people generally think are ruder? Why? (para.2)4

31、. Why did the pedestrian mentioned in para.2 kick the taxi? (para.2)5. What are the reasons behind those rude behaviors according to the text? (paras.3-4) 6. How do citizens and public officials think about each other ? (para.5)7. What does the sentence “sometimes, such behavior goes beyond verbal a

32、buse” mean in the paragraph? Whats the function of it? (para.7)8. Is the situation improving or not? What is the authors viewpoint ? (para.8) Questions previewing1. Read the title of text B and predict the topic of the text. And what is the writers viewpoint of the topic concerned? Rudeness is on th

33、e rise. / Rude deeds are becoming increasingly common. The expression “Rays of hope” reveals the writers attitude: although the phenomenon becomes so widespread that it attracts public attention, there is hope that this situation would be changed.a ray of hope / light etc.: sth. that provides a smal

34、l amount of hope or happiness in a difficult situation 一線希望 / 光明等It is much more common to use “a ray of hope”, the singular form, than “rays of hope”, the plural form. The author uses the plural form “rays” to show that the hope is quite strong rather than very slight. 2. What is the popular attitu

35、de towards rising rudeness in public experiences? (Para.1)Faced with rudeness, a common element of modern life, in public, most people tend to lump it, or mind their own business, or get out of the way. 不礙事不礙事譯文：譯文：粗魯是現(xiàn)代生活中常見的現(xiàn)象?！澳悴幌矚g，也得忍著”，或者“管好你自己的事”，或者“閃開”。Sentence interpretation無奈地接受；勉強(qiáng)同意無奈地接受；勉

36、強(qiáng)同意 做自己的事做自己的事原句原句：Rudeness is a common element of modern life. “If you dont like it, lump it.” Or “Mind your own business.” Or “Get out of the way.” (Para. 1, L1-2)解釋解釋: : Rudeness is a common part of modern life. Even if you dont like it, you still have to put up with it. Or ignore it. Or move out

37、 of the way.3. Who do people generally think are ruder? Why? (Para.2)It is generally thought around the world that the inhabitants of large cities are ruder than their fellow citizens from smaller towns or the countryside. The reason is that in the city, if you have a small conflict with someone, mo

38、st probably you will never meet that person again, while in the countryside, the situation is quite different.4. Why did the pedestrian mentioned in para.2 kick the taxi? (Para.2)Because the taxi driver injured his knees. 原句：原句： you will encounter taxi drivers who believe a “walk” sign at a walk way

39、 is an automatic invitation to bump their cars against pedestrians knees. (Para. 2, L3）解釋解釋: : you will find taxi drivers who know that they should wait at a “walk” sign to let pedestrians cross the street, but they keep driving even if that endangers the pedestrians.譯文：譯文： 你都會遇到那種出租車司機(jī)，他們把人行通道上的“行人

40、通行”信號當(dāng)作他們?nèi)プ踩プ残腥讼ドw的自動邀請。自動邀請。Sentence interpretation5. What are the reasons behind those rude behaviors according to the text? (Paras.3-4)Different people hold different views. Some experts say that the trend began decades ago when people became resistant to traditional values and manners. Others bla

41、me fast-paced modern lifestyles for contributing to a society that has little time to be polite. The writer thinks that stress also plays a role in incident of ignorant behavior.譯文：譯文：辛迪克拉特說，醫(yī)院里的無禮行為與人們總是在生死攸關(guān)的環(huán)境下工作所面對的壓力相關(guān)。Sentence interpretation生死攸關(guān)的生死攸關(guān)的原句原句：Cindy Kludt, says rudeness in hospital

42、s corresponds with the stress of people constantly working under life-and-death circumstances. (Para. 4, L1)解釋解釋: : Cindy Kludt says that rudeness in hospitals is related to the stress of those who constantly work in extremely serious and stressful situations. be related to 相關(guān)相關(guān)6. How do citizens an

43、d public officials think about each other ? (Para.6) Public officials think that citizens tend to be offensive and citizens feel that government agencies are rude or mistreating them.原句：原句：Staff assistants in public institutions tell of rude, hostile, and sometimes threatening words from people who

44、feel government agencies are rude or mistreating them. (Para. 6, L1) 解釋解釋: : Those working at public organizations mention that people say rude, unfriendly, and sometimes intimidating words to them, because these people think government organizations are rude to them or treating them in a wrong way.

45、Sentence interpretation譯文：譯文：公共機(jī)構(gòu)的工作人員敘述說，一些人對他們說出粗魯?shù)?、充滿敵意的、有時甚至是威脅性的話，因為這些人覺得政府機(jī)構(gòu)對他們表現(xiàn)得粗魯或者不友善。原句原句：As rudeness in public dealings cuts both ways, citizens perceive that public servants habitually ignore them, and they in turn treat the public servants in an offensive fashion. (Para. 6, L3) 解釋解釋: :

46、 Since rudeness in public activities goes in both directions (in other words, citizens and public servants are rude to each other), citizens find that public servants usually neglect them and so they treat the public servants in a rude way as well.譯文：譯文：正如在公共交往中，粗魯無禮是把雙刃劍一樣，公民覺察到公務(wù)員習(xí)慣性地忽略他們，他們就也以無禮的

47、方式對待公務(wù)員。 Sentence interpretation7. What does the sentence “sometimes, such behavior goes beyond verbal abuse” mean in the paragraph? Whats the function of it? (Para.7) It means that beside verbal abuse, there are other forms of abuse. From the following part / examples, we can find another form of a

48、buse, that is, rude actions. The sentence functions as a transitional sentence.8. Is the situation improving or not? What is the authors viewpoint ? (Para.8) There is disagreement as to whether the situation is improving or not. Many see little hope for a decline intodays rude behavior. Others are f

49、eeling more hopeful. The author holds the same view as the latter. (volunteer their time for community projects, make a lot of donations of goods and money to charities, have a positive effect on others, help to reduce the stress in society.)原句原句：The organization points to a variety of indicators sh

50、owing kinder and more compassionate citizens. (Para. 8, L6)解釋解釋: : The organization mentions many different kinds of signs which show citizens are getting kinder, more understanding, and more sympathetic.譯文：譯文：該組織指出，有各種跡象表明，更友善和更富 同情心的市民大有人在。Sentence interpretationincreasingly lumpthought traditiona

51、l Text summary fast-paced ignorant verbal abuse decline Text summaryNowadays, more people are _ their time for community projects; also, donations of goods and money to charities have increased. These acts of kindness would have a _ effect on others and would help to reduce the stress in society. Le

52、ts hope this optimistic view _ and brings a better, brighter world for us all. volunteering positive prevailsText summaryPractical phrases1. mind ones own business 做自己的事；少管閑事2. crop up 突然冒出來3. give chase 追趕4. cut both ways 兩面都行得通或說得通5. in a fashion 以方式6. go beyond 超出；超過7. show up 顯現(xiàn)出來, 到達(dá)8. pass sth

53、. on to sb 傳遞（某物）做自己的事做自己的事；少管閑事少管閑事(yell at sb. ) There I was, minding my own business, when this man started yelling at me. mind ones own business 短語逆譯短語應(yīng)用我正在那里做我自己的事，這時這個男人朝我叫喊起來。意群提示Practical phrases突然冒出來突然冒出來crop up 短語逆譯(hit sb. before sb. is ready In daily life, sometimes problems will crop up

54、 and hit you before you are ready.短語應(yīng)用生活中，有時候問題會突然冒出來，讓你措手不及。意群提示Practical phrases 追趕追趕(quarrel / run out ) After the quarrel, his girlfriend ran out and he gave chase. give chase 短語逆譯短語應(yīng)用吵架后，他的女朋友跑了出去，他連忙去追。意群提示Practical phrases兩面都行（說）得通兩面都行（說）得通You wouldnt help me now. But remember, it cuts both w

55、ays: I wont help you again, either. cuts both ways 短語逆譯短語應(yīng)用你現(xiàn)在不想幫我，但記住，我也一樣，我也不會再幫助你了。Practical phrases以以的方式的方式(get a raise ) He behaved in a strange fashion after he failed to get a raise. in fashion 短語逆譯短語應(yīng)用他自從沒有得到加薪后就表現(xiàn)得怪怪的。意群提示Practical phrases超出；超過超出；超過(imitation / promote innovation ) We must

56、go beyond imitation and promote innovation. go beyond sth. 短語逆譯短語應(yīng)用我們必須跨越模仿階段，鼓勵創(chuàng)新。意群提示Practical phrases顯露；顯現(xiàn)出來顯露；顯現(xiàn)出來(cultural differences / invite a foreigner to our home ) Cultural differences can show up when we invite a foreigner to our home. show up短語逆譯短語應(yīng)用我們請外國人到家里來做客的時候，文化差異就會顯現(xiàn)出來。意群提示Practi

57、cal phrases傳遞（某物）傳遞（某物）(be pocketed by retailers / instead of being passed on to) Much of the discount is pocketed by retailers instead of being passed on to customers. pass sth. on to sb. 短語逆譯短語應(yīng)用折扣的大部分進(jìn)了零售商的腰包，而顧客并沒有得到實惠。意群提示Practical phrases1. It is generally thought / estimated / said that用于表達(dá)“對

58、某件事物/某個 現(xiàn) 象 的 普 遍 看 法 或 觀點(diǎn)”。2. There is disagreement as to. Many see / believe/hold the view / . Others are feeling / thinking / pointing to / 用于表達(dá)“人們對某種事物或現(xiàn)象的看法不一”，常用于“各抒己見”類文章的寫作。3. Lets do sth.表達(dá)“發(fā)出號召”，“表達(dá)期望”常用于文章的最后，起總結(jié)全文的作用。Functional patterns句型提煉句型提煉世界范圍內(nèi)，人們普遍認(rèn)為大城市的居民比小城鎮(zhèn)和農(nóng)村的居民更為粗魯。原句譯文原句譯文逆譯練

59、習(xí)逆譯練習(xí)It is generally thought around the world that the inhabitants of large cities are ruder than their fellow citizens from smaller towns or the countryside. (Para.2, L1)Functional patterns句型應(yīng)用句型應(yīng)用It is commonly/generally/widely/believed /held/accepted/recognized /thought /reported /estimated/said

60、that句型提煉句型提煉應(yīng)用提示應(yīng)用提示用于表達(dá)“對某件事物/某個現(xiàn)象的普遍看法或觀點(diǎn)”，常用作段落的主題句。Functional patterns(women in the workforce) It is commonly thought that women in the workforce face more challenge in balancing work and family, while its easier for housewives who just need to take good care of their family.典型例句目前人們普遍認(rèn)為職業(yè)婦女要平衡好