《跨文化交際》試題附答案

1、跨文化交際試題（附答案）Paper1CommunicationAnalysisThefollowingarethreedifferentcasesofcross-culturalcommunication.Ineachofthecasesthereissomethingtobeimprovedupon.Writeananalysisonwhatistobedesiredformoresuccessfulcommunicationorculturalunderstanding.?Question1Case1:ChenBing,aChinesetourguide,istalkingtoaCanad

2、iantourist,LukeBaines,whohasnoknowledgeofChineseatall.Theyarehavingdinnerinarestaurant.Chen:ThisisBeijingduck,oneofChinasmostfamousdishes.Youllloveit!Luke:No,thanks.Idontlikeduck.Ipreferchicken.?Question2Case2:FengLiandTomhavebeenworkingonascientificexperimentataBritishuniversityforsomemonths.Ithasn

3、otbeentotallysuccessful.Theyarediscussingthesituationinthelaboratory.FengLi:Idontknowwhereitwentwrong!Tom,Dontfeelsobad.Cheerup,youvedoneyourjob.FengLi:Butourexperimenthasturnedouttobeafailure.Tom:Relaxforacoupleofdays.Illfacethemusic.FengLi:Tom,wearenotplayingchildrensgameshere.Thisisascientificexp

4、eriment.Tom,Ivenevertakentheexperimentaschildsplay,andImplayingthegame.FengLi:Yousayyoureplayingthegame!Itsaratherimportantexperiment!FengLiwalksoutoftheLaboratoryangrily.Tomispuzzled.?Question3Case3:Thisisamorecomplexsituationwherethereareseveralthingsthatrequiremoreinformedculturalanalysis.Findthe

5、culturalproblemsandexplaintheculturaldifferences.JimandLiZhenwerestudentstogetheratLeedsUniversityinBritain.Ayearlater,aftergraduating,JimwenttoShanghaiasavisitingscholaronayearsexchange.allthesethingsquitestrange.Attheendoftheperformaneetheaudieneeapplaudedthepianistandheapplaudedthem.Theaudieneebe

6、gantoleavewhilethepianistremainedonthestage.?Paper2VocabularyChooseonewordorexpressionfromthoseintheboxbelowtofillthegapineachofthesentences.Writethecorrectwordsinthespacesprovidedinyouranswersheet.Donotchangetheformsofthewords.?CommunitywhiteliesDutchcouragegreyareaskintermsvocationbelowthebeltbuyi

7、ngaroundliveandletlivetroubleandstrifefootthebillrecreationAftertwentyfiveyearsworkinginthebankshedecidedonadifferentFinally,afterarguingaboutthemealforfiveminutesitwasdecidedhewould.4. Despitethecircumstancesoftheaccidenttherewerestillsome_atneededexplanation.5. Therearemanydifferentusedwhentalking

8、aboutpeoplesrelationshipsinChina.6. Mike!MeetJane,the.Ok,theargumentisover.Letsforgetit,youknow7. PeopleinEnglishspeakingcountriesalsoavoidlosingfaceorhurtingotherpeoplebytelling.8. ItisdifficultforforeignerstounderstandBritishpubculture,especiallythesystemofwhichallmembersofthegroupareexpectedtojoi

9、nin.9. Itwasacrushingblowtoher,ahitwhenshereceivedthenewsthatherhusbandhadleftherforanotherwoman.10. InChinathereisarealsenseofinsocialsituations.?Paper3Translation?TranslatethefollowingpassagefromEnglishintoChinese.Pleasewriteyourtranslationontheanswersheet.?WhatdowemeanbyInterculturalCommunication

10、sorIC?Thisisnotadescriptionofthepopulartrendtowardtalkingaboutinternationalthingscross-culturalcommunicationsorcomparativeculture,scholarsmostoftenusetheprefixinterwiththewordculturaltodescribetheinteractionbetweencultures.Ononelevel,ICisrepresentedbyculturestudies,whereweexaminethepolitical,economi

11、candlifestylesystemsofothercountries.Onanotherlevel,itisappliedlinguistics,whereweseektounderstandtherelationshipbetweenIanguageandculture.ManyChineseEnglishteachersandprofessorshavebeeninterestedinthisaspectsincethe1980s-HowtoteachEnglishinwaysthathelpstudentsalsolearnthebasiccommunicationpractices

12、ofBritain,theUSorotherEnglishspeakingcountries.?ButthedisciplineofInterculturalCommunicationsisactuallyabroadandwell-developedfieldofstudy.ICisaninterdisciplinaryapplicationoffieldslikeculturalanthropology,sociology,psychology(andsocialpsychology),communicationstudies,appliedlinguisticsandeducationa

13、lpedagogy.ICisacomprehensiveattempttounderstandallaspectsofhumanculturesandhowtheyinteractwitheachother.?TounderstandInterculturalCommunications,weseektounderstandtraditionandmodernization,consistencyandchange.Asweunderstandsomeoftheongoingnationalcharacteristicsofapeople,wecanexaminehowthisculturei

14、sseenfromtheoutside,howitinteractswithotherculturesandhowitischanging.Inthelastthirtyoddyears,scholarshavedevelopedboththeoreticalframeworkforcomparingculturesandsomepracticaldimensionsforconsideringthesimilarityanddifferencesbetweenthem.OnelevelofinterculturalcomparisonisCulturalIdentity.Anotherlev

15、elofcomparisonisVerbalCommunication.AnotherareareceivingmuchattentionisNonverbalCommunication.?Paper4ReadingPassage1Questions15-20InrecentyearscriticismshavebeenvoicedconcerningsexistbiasintheEnglishlanguage.Ithasbeenarguedthatsomeofthevocabularyandgrammarweusereflectsandreinforcesatraditionalviewof

16、theworldasoneinwhichmenaredominantandwomenplayasecondaryrole.Takethewordchairmanforexample.Whilethiscaninfactapplytopeopleofbothsexes,itappearstosomepeopletobemale-orientedasitendsinman.Inthepastpeopletakingtheroleofchairmanwereexclusivelymaleandthewordwasobviouslyoriginallyacompoundofchairandman.Ma

17、nyEnglishspeakers,however,haveceasedtoviewthiswordasacompoundandnomorefeelittobecomposedofthesetwounits,thantheyperceivecupboardtobeacompositeofcupandboard.Inadditionthecontinueduseofchairmanmightbedefendedonthegroundsthatthefinalsyllableispronounced/mn/ratherthan/mn/,justlikethefinalsyllableofwoman

18、.Despitesuchconsiderationsotherspeakerstakeacontraryviewandaresensitivetothecomponentsofwhichitismadeup.Theyclearlyperceiveitasatitlethatperpetuatestraditionalideasabouttheplaceofwomeninsociety.Forthisreasontheyseektoreplaceitwithneutraltermssuchaschairpersonorchair,sothatitisnowpossibletoaskquestio

19、nssuchas;Whoischairofthecommittee?Otherchangesadvocatedincludethereplacementofwordssuchaspostman,firemanandpolicemanwithmoreclearlyneutraltermssuchaspostalworker,fire-fighterandpoliceofficer.Thereis,however,continuingcontroversyabouthowfarsuchlanguagechangesshouldgo.Shouldchangesbeconsideredfortradi

20、tionalidiomsasmaninthestreetandtitlessuchasPekingMan?Whataboutthosewordswherethemalemeaningofmanisnolongerdominant,suchasmanhandle?Totheextentthatchangeshavetakenplace,theyhavedonesomoreinthewrittenlanguageandformalpronouncementsthanineverydayspeech.YouwouldbequitelikelytoreadinthepaperthatPostalwor

21、kersaretoreceiveapayincrease.ButHasthepostmanbeen?wouldbemostlikelytobeheardininformalconversation.Herepostmanremainsfirmlyentrenchedinpopularusage.Theextenttowhichlanguagereflectsandshapesattitudesandbehaviorsisamatterofconjecture.Chinese,Japanese,PersianandTurkishdonotmakethekindsofsexdistinctions

22、Englishmakesthroughitssystemofpronouns,butitwouldbedifficulttomaintainthatmaleswhospeaktheselanguagesarelesssexistthanmaleswhospeakEnglish!?Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtotheabovetext:15. ThegeneraluseofthewordmanaddedtoEnglishwordsindicatesA. sexualfeelingsB.sexualfreedomC.sexistideasD.sexis

23、tbias.16. GenerallywhereIanguageandsexareconcernedinBritain_A. allpeopleagreechangeisneededB. somepeopleagreechangeisneededC. peoplecantmakeuptheirmindsontheissueD. peoplethinktheissueisunimportantandnotseriousWhatexampledoestheauthorgivetosupportadefenseofthewordchairman?17. Whatdoestheauthorarguef

24、orwhentheexamplemanhandleisgiven?18. WhatdoestheauthorhavetosayabouttheimpactofIanguagechanges?19. Whatistheauthorsargumentinthefinalparagraph?Passage2Questions21-27CanComputersDoaBetterJobRatingStocks?SinceMay,CharlesSchwabhasbeenprovidingstockratingstoclientsusingacomputerizedsystemthatitsaystries

25、toremovehumanbias.Inparticular,Schwabsays,itssystemismeanttoavoidtheconflictsofinterestthathaveplaguedtraditionalbrokeragefirms,whoseresearchanalystshaveoftenactedascheerleadersforcompaniesbeingcourtedbytheirinvestmentbankers.Webelievethatoursinglebiggestadvantageisourobjectivity,saidJerryChafkin,Sc

26、hwabsexecutivevicepresidentforinvestmentadviceandproducts.Whilethedevelopmentofthemethodologyishuman,theanalysisisbeingperformedsystematicallyandautomatically.ThoughSchwabisperhapsthemostprominentfinancialservicescompanytouseacomputer-drivenratingsystem,severalothers,includingValueLineandZacksInvest

27、mentResearch,pickstocksinasimilarway.Thevarioussystemsproduceverydifferentratingsofindividualstocks,andtheirabilitytooutperformamarketindexfundovertimehasnotbeenprovedconclusively.Theverdictisstilloutastowhethercomputersdoitbetterthanpeople.Whatisclear,though,isthatthemajorcomputerizedsystemshandout

28、fewerpositivestockratingsthandoWallStreetanalysts,whoseemtogivethemoutverygenerously.PeoplewhoruncomputerizedselectionsystemscriticizetraditionalWallStreetanalysisashavinginstitutionalconflictsofinterest,aswellasindividualbias.Iamverysuspiciousaboutopinionsandjudgmentsandemotionsbyhumansinindividual

29、stockselection,saidSamuelEisenstadt,ValueLinesresearchdirector.However,thecomputer-drivenstock-pickingsystemsmustrelyontheselectioncriteriaoftheircreators.Alltrytoisolatefactorsthattheirdevelopersbelievehavethegreatestabilitytopredictshareprices.Mostmodelscompareacompany9shistoricalearningsgrowthwit

30、hthatofothercompanies.Andmanytracktheextenttowhichearningshavesurprisedanalysts.Manyfirmsusetheircomputer-basedstock-ratingsystemsasmarketingtools.Thedesignersofthesesystemssaytheyshouldbejudgedonhowagroupofstocksperformsovertime.Butallthesystemsassume,asdostockanalystsonWallStreet,thatsuperiorresea

31、rch,byhumans,andanalysiscanselectagroupofstocksthatwilloutperformthemarketaveragesoverthelongrun.MarketanalystssayitistoosoontoassessthefledglingSchwabsystemornewmodels,likeMicrosoftsyear-oldStock-Scouter?MarkthefollowingstatementsTrue(T)/False(F)/NotGiven(NG)accordingtotheinformationprovidedinthete

32、xt.?WriteT,orForNGonyouranswersheetinthespacesprovidedforquestions.?20. CharlesSchwabisacomputercompany.21. ThemethodofoperationbySchwabisdoneautomatically.22. ValueLineandZackshavesimilaroperatingmethodstoSchwab.23. Thereisnoconclusiveproofthatcomputersperformbetterthanhumans.24. WallStreetanalysts

33、aregenerousinratingstocks.25. HumanbeingsmakevaluejudgmentsaccordingtotheresearchdirectorofValueLine.26. Analystsaresurprisedatthegrowthrateofshareprices.答案及評分標準?Paper1:CommunicationAnalysisThefollowingpointsshouldbecoveredintheanalysis.Awardonepointforeachofthepointscovered(underlined).Paper2:VocabularyOnepointforeachitem.Answersmustbethesameasthekey.4.vocation5.footthebill6.greyareas7.kinterms8.troubleandstrife9.liveandletlive10.whitelies11.buyingaroundmunityPaper3:Translation11. “跨文化交際”或“IC”是指什么呢？這并不是對于談論國際事務或出國大潮的描述?！癐C”實際上是自20世紀50年代以來在世