動(dòng)詞課件修正版

1、 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞 動(dòng)詞：表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)等的詞。動(dòng)詞：表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)等的詞。 如：如：run跑跑 push 推推 have有有 be 是是動(dòng)詞的分類一、按詞義和其在句中的作用分二、短語動(dòng)詞 三、按動(dòng)詞的形式分一、按詞義和句中的作用，動(dòng)詞可以分為四類一、按詞義和句中的作用，動(dòng)詞可以分為四類類別類別特點(diǎn)特點(diǎn)意義意義舉例舉例實(shí)義動(dòng)詞實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 (vt. vi.)及物動(dòng)詞跟賓語須跟賓語一起才能表達(dá)完整的意思I have a book.不及物動(dòng)詞不能直接接賓語能獨(dú)立作謂語She always comes late.系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞(link-v)跟表語不能獨(dú)立做謂語，跟表語構(gòu)成完整意思I am a student.助

2、動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞(aux. v.)跟動(dòng)詞原形或分詞（無詞匯意義）不能獨(dú)立做謂語，跟主要?jiǎng)釉~構(gòu)成謂語，表示疑問，否定及各種時(shí)態(tài)He doesnt speak Chinese.I am watching TV.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 (mod. v.) 跟動(dòng)詞原形（有自己的詞匯意思）不能獨(dú)立做謂語，表示說話人語氣、情態(tài)等，無人稱和數(shù)的變化We can do it by ourselves.That would be better. 二、短語動(dòng)詞：二、短語動(dòng)詞：由一些動(dòng)詞和其它詞構(gòu)成短語，由一些動(dòng)詞和其它詞構(gòu)成短語，表達(dá)一個(gè)完整的意思。其構(gòu)成方式如下：表達(dá)一個(gè)完整的意思。其構(gòu)成方式如下：構(gòu)成方式構(gòu)成方式舉例舉例

3、動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞+介詞介詞look at, look after動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞+副詞副詞give up, put into動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞+副詞副詞+介詞介詞catch up with, look down upon動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞+名詞名詞+介詞介詞take care of, pay attention to be+形容詞形容詞+介詞介詞be proud of, be afraid of 復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)make up ones mind三、按動(dòng)詞的形式可以分為謂語動(dòng)詞和非謂語動(dòng)詞三、按動(dòng)詞的形式可以分為謂語動(dòng)詞和非謂語動(dòng)詞1、謂語動(dòng)詞、謂語動(dòng)詞形形 式式意意 義義舉舉 例例人稱人稱與主語的人稱一致與主語的人稱一致I a

4、m reading now.( I am reading now.( 第一人稱第一人稱) )數(shù)數(shù)與主語的數(shù)一致與主語的數(shù)一致He writes well. (He writes well. (第三人稱單數(shù)第三人稱單數(shù)) )時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間He wrote a letter to me last month. He wrote a letter to me last month. ( (過去時(shí)態(tài)過去時(shí)態(tài)) )語態(tài)語態(tài)主語是動(dòng)作的發(fā)生者或者承受主語是動(dòng)作的發(fā)生者或者承受者者We study English.(We study English.(主動(dòng)主動(dòng)) )The ro

5、ad was filled with rubbish. (The road was filled with rubbish. (被被動(dòng)動(dòng)) )語氣語氣說話人表達(dá)事實(shí)、要求、愿望說話人表達(dá)事實(shí)、要求、愿望等等He has flown to America. (He has flown to America. (事實(shí)事實(shí)) )I wish I could fly to the moon some I wish I could fly to the moon some day. (day. (愿望愿望) )2、非謂語動(dòng)詞、非謂語動(dòng)詞形式意義用途舉例不定式起形容詞和起形容詞和名詞作用名詞作用可作主語、

6、表語、賓可作主語、表語、賓語、定語、狀語語、定語、狀語It takes me 20 minutes to go to school.動(dòng)名詞起名詞作用起名詞作用作主語和賓語作主語和賓語She likes reading.分詞現(xiàn)在分詞起形容詞副起形容詞副詞作用，表詞作用，表主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行作表語、定語、狀語、作表語、定語、狀語、賓語補(bǔ)足語賓語補(bǔ)足語The cup is broken.過去分詞起形容詞副起形容詞副詞作用，表詞作用，表被動(dòng)、完成被動(dòng)、完成The steam is seen rising from the wet clothes.Be 動(dòng)詞的用法歸納用法一用法一 ：系動(dòng)詞：系動(dòng)詞be

7、 be為連系動(dòng)詞，中心詞義是“是”，句型為“主系表”結(jié)構(gòu)。be的形式常用: am, is, are(現(xiàn)在式)；was, were(過去式)； will/can/may/must + be(助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞原形)； have/has/had + been(助動(dòng)詞過去分詞)等。如： To help animals is helping people.(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)) The twins were very busy yesterday.(一般過去時(shí)) It will be sunny tomorrow.(一般將來時(shí)) She has been ill for over a week.(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))

8、用法二用法二 ：助動(dòng)詞：助動(dòng)詞 be 助動(dòng)詞be，無詞義，輔助主要?jiǎng)釉~一起在句中作謂語動(dòng)詞。用法如下： 1. be + doing：構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，有現(xiàn)在和過去兩種進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。如： The girl is reading a novel now. Young Tom was always asking questions and trying out new ideas. 2. be + done：構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)(主語是動(dòng)作的承受者，done必須是及物動(dòng)詞)。如： Tea is grown in my hometown.(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)) This building was built thr

9、ee years ago.(一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)) Our classroom has been cleaned and tidied already.(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)) How could this kind of bread be made in your hometown?(含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)) That is a day never to be forgotten.(動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)) 3. be + going to do，表“打算或計(jì)劃將要做某事”，be有現(xiàn)在和過去兩種形式。如： We are going to plant trees in the park. I di

10、dnt know if she was going to come here. 4. be + to do，表示“按計(jì)劃安排將要做某事”。如：The new shop is not to be opened till next Monday.One night an angel came to Mary and told her that she was to have her special boy.She is to be married next month.用法三用法三 there be there be句式為：there be+主語部分狀語部分，表示“某處存在某物”，be常用現(xiàn)在時(shí)、

11、過去時(shí)和將來時(shí)等。如：Oh, cool! And there are many things to see. There is even one yuan in my wallet. There are about 80 pyramids in Egypt.Will there be a football match in your school next week? 用法四用法四 實(shí)義實(shí)義be 可以將be視為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，因?yàn)樗哂袑?shí)際的詞義，如“成為、做、發(fā)生、舉行、逗留、到達(dá)“ 等。如：His daughter wants to be a doctor for animals in her

12、twenties. Kates birthday party will be at half past six this evening. Jim has been in China for more than two years, but he has not yet been to Gui Yang.非謂語動(dòng)詞（動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)詞非謂語動(dòng)詞（動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)詞- ing形式形式)中考考查重點(diǎn)講解中考考查重點(diǎn)講解eg: He has promised to behave better later. The boy decided not to become a sailor. I hope to

13、 go to college. He agreed to help us. She chose to study English. He failed to persuade him. Do you wish to eat alone?1、promise, decide hope, agree, choose fail, wish, learn+ to do sth. 2、enjoy, finish, keep, mindsuggest, cant help + doing sth.eg : He always enjoys listening to music. I have finishe

14、d cleaning the room. You shouldnt keep changing your ideas like this. Would you mind _ (come) with you? He suggested _(go out) for a walk. I couldnt help _(cry). my cominggoing outcrying3、love, hate, forgetremember, stop, like try , mean+to do sth.doing sth. Mary loves_ (read). I hate _(trouble he).

15、 她忘記寄這封信了。她忘記寄這封信了。She forgot _. 我永遠(yuǎn)忘不了初次寄信的情景。我永遠(yuǎn)忘不了初次寄信的情景。 Ill never forget _ a letter for the first time. I remember _ her once. = I remember that I _ ( see )her once. Remember _ me. = I hope youll phone me.reading / to readto trouble / troubling himto post the letterpostingseeing saw to phone 他

16、停下來跟我說話。他停下來跟我說話。He stopped _. 他停止講話他停止講話 He stopped _. 他喜歡游泳。他喜歡游泳。He likes _. 我不想打擾你。我不想打擾你。I dont like _. 她試著寫作文。她試著寫作文。She tried _. 她設(shè)法打電話找你。她設(shè)法打電話找你。She tried _ 我本來打算今天給你這本書的，可是我忘了。我本來打算今天給你這本書的，可是我忘了。 I meant _ today, but I forgot. 這意味著浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。這意味著浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。This means _ much time.to talk with metalkin

17、g swimmingto disturb youwriting a compositionto get you on the phoneto give you this book wasting 4、ask, tell, get, wish , want teach, know, understand+ sb. to do sth. (1) I asked him _(come) here early. (2) Get him _ (see) a doctor. (3) Ive known him _(run) very fast. (4) What did you understand hi

18、m _? 你認(rèn)為他說的是什你認(rèn)為他說的是什么意思呢？么意思呢？to cometo seeto runto say5、make, have , let see, watch, hear, feel , notice+ sb. do sth.eg I cant make the horse go. I wont have (允許，容許允許，容許) you say such things. 我可不許你說這樣的話。我可不許你說這樣的話。 My mother wouldnt let me go to the film. Did you notice him leave the house? 你看到他離開

19、房間了嗎？你看到他離開房間了嗎？ I often hear him sing the song. Sb. + be done + to do sth.(被動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài))eg He is often heard _ the song. They were made _ day and night.to singto work6、be + happy, glad, pleased angry, sorry, luckyslow, quick, careful ready, nice+ to do sth.eg I am sorry to hear that. He is wrong to say

20、 so. I was very lucky to get a copy so cheap. 我這么便宜地買到一本我這么便宜地買到一本,真是幸運(yùn)極了。真是幸運(yùn)極了。 I am quick to learn English. Be careful not to fall off the ladder. 當(dāng)心別從梯子上掉下來。當(dāng)心別從梯子上掉下來。 He is ready to help . 愿意幫忙。愿意幫忙。7、think, make find, feel+ it + adj. / n + to do sth.eg I found it very important to learn English well.= I found that _ _very important to learn English well.I feel it my duty to do so. = I feel that _ _my duty to do so.it wasit isclever, wise, kind,good, right, nicewrong, bad, cruel silly, stupid, foolish carefu