2018高考英語閱讀理解詞義猜測題專題突破

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上2018高考英語閱讀理解詞義猜測題專題突破 專心-專注-專業(yè)Step1猜測詞義常見設(shè)問方式1. Which of the following is the nearest in meaning to “ ?2. What does the author probably mean by “ ?3. The word “ in the contest means _.4. The term can be best replaced by _.5. The word “ probably refers to _.6. As used in the line the wor

2、d “ refers to _.7. According to the passage, the word “ is known as_.8. The passage use the word “ to refer to _9. According to the author, the underlined word “ means_.10. From the context/ passage, we can infer that the word “ means _.在詞義猜測題中，有些詞匯并非生詞，只需要根據(jù)上下文去推測它應(yīng)在文章中的具體含義，或找出其指代對象。做這類題，應(yīng)仔細(xì)閱讀出現(xiàn)該詞

3、的上下文，文章中往往會對這類詞或短語進(jìn)行重復(fù)解釋或概括歸納。因此答案往往可從文章中找出或推測出。Step2. 方法探究1. Charlottes tale was inspired by the girls coin collection. “Weve collected foreign coins for years-since our families went on holiday to Tenerife,” she explains. “That was before the Euro, so we put pesetas in.”The underlined word “peseta

4、s” in Paragraph 2 is a kind of _.A. story B. collection C. inspiration D. foreign coin2. Today when many tend to worry more about their own happiness, Houngs deeds remind us of what we usually neglect: love and care for others. Without these, none of us could survive. Houng turned down donations fro

5、m others. He said he felt encouraged by kind offers, but he could depend on his own work. The underlined word “donation” in Para.3 probably means _.A. invitation to give a speech B. something, especially given to help othersC. questions asked by interviewers D. chances to be a hero【思考?xì)w納】這兩道題你是如何得出答案

6、的？從中你有什么啟發(fā)和收獲？跟大家分享一下。_3. The elder learn to master the Internet and to overcome what Lansdale calls the maladies of the institutionalized: loneliness, helplessness, boredom, and lose of memory.4. Some ships carried cargo such as coal, oil and military supplies (軍用物資),while others carried only passe

7、ngers.5. Scientists grow large quantities of common mould (霉菌)so that they can get penicillin from it in order to make antibiotics, that is, substances that kill germs.6. Marine biology, the study of oceanic plants and animals and their relation, has furthered the efficient development of fisheries.

8、7. Yet, shopkeepers may have to spend extra hours to deal with problems, such as shoplifter, who always takes away things from the shop without paying for them.【思考?xì)w納】這幾道題你是如何得出答案的？從中你有什么啟發(fā)和收獲？跟大家分享一下。_8. Tom is considered an autocratic administrator because he makes decisions without seeking the opi

9、nions of others. From the passage, we can infer that the word “autocratic means _A. friendly to others B. modest and kindlyC. sticking to ones own opinion D. hard-working 9. Answer the following questions by using the information taken from a dictionary page. jazz: 1. n. a type of music that origina

10、ted in New Orleans and is characterized by rhythmic beats. 2. n. popular dance music influenced by jazz. 3. n. slang. Empty talk. 4. adj. of or like jazz; a jazz band, jazz records.What does the word “jazz” mean in the following sentence?Dont give me that jazz, for I am a practical person.A. Rhythmi

11、c beats. B. A type of music. C. A kind of dance. D. Meaningless talk.【思考?xì)w納】這兩道題你是如何得出答案的？從中你有什么啟發(fā)和收獲？跟大家分享一下。_10. “Unlike vitamin C, leadership skills cant be easily swallowed down. They must be carefully cultivated.”The underlined word “cultivated” (Paragraph 1) roughly means _.A. encouraged B. com

12、pared C. examined D. developed11. Written language tends to be static, while spoken language constantly changes. According to the author, the underlined word static means _.A. unchangeable B. inactive C. respective D. widespread12. Unlike the Unite States where many different nationalities make up t

13、he population, Japans population is quite homogeneous.【思考?xì)w納】這三道題你是如何得出答案的？從中你有什么啟發(fā)和收獲？跟大家分享一下。_13. Millions of animals die each year on US roads, the Federal Highway administration reports. In fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat exist in the US today. The main reason? Roadkill.14. Ma

14、nsion, church, battle site, theatre and other public halls can be preserved.【思考?xì)w納】這道題你是如何得出答案的？從中你有什么啟發(fā)和收獲？跟大家分享一下。_15. You can take any of the periodicals: The World of English, Foreign Language Teaching in School, of English learning.16. Many United nations employees are polyglots: Mr. Simpson, fo

15、r example, speaks five languages fluently.【思考?xì)w納】這兩道題你是如何得出答案的？從中你有什么啟發(fā)和收獲？跟大家分享一下。_17. Exhibition officials said that a person bitten by one of these snakes would need at least 80 ml of an anti-poison medicine to be saved.18. Although simplified Chinese characters were accepted for use many years ag

16、o, it seems that more and more people like Chinese characters in the complex form.【思考?xì)w納】這兩道題你是如何得出答案的？從中你有什么啟發(fā)和收獲？跟大家分享一下。_19. 下題中劃線的詞可換為：New York, 10 November, 5:27 p.m., yesterday. Biggest power failure in the citys history.A. enough B. not passing C. lack of D. lack【思考?xì)w納】這道題你是如何得出答案的？從中你有什么啟發(fā)和收獲？

17、跟大家分享一下。_20. Rainforests like the Amazon are important for mopping up CO2 from the atmosphere and helping to slow global warming.The underlined phrase “mopping up ” in the second paragraph means _.A. cleaning up B. taking in C. wiping out D. giving up21. She walked quietly to the small room by the l

18、ift and took a mop. She pushed past the desk and as the nurse looked up. Mum nodded and said, “Very dirty floor.”【思考?xì)w納】這兩道題你是如何得出答案的？從中你有什么啟發(fā)和收獲？跟大家分享一下。_22. The most important reason for such a visit is to realize how our ancestors battled nature with the basic tools they had.23. The aging of the p

19、opulation will affect American society in many ways-education, medicine, and business.The underlined work “aging” means _.A. counting the number of years someone lives B. the numbers of years someone livesC. becoming olderD. making someone looking older【思考?xì)w納】這兩道題你是如何得出答案的？從中你有什么啟發(fā)和收獲？跟大家分享一下。_檢測反饋運(yùn)用

20、方法探究中學(xué)到的技巧，快來一試身手吧！看誰做得又快又好！ AI have been consistently opposed to feeding a baby regularly. As a doctor, mother and scientist in child development I believe there is nothing to recommend it, from the babys point of view.Mothers, doctors and nurses alike have no idea of where a babys blood sugar leve

21、l lies. All we know is that a low level is harmful to brain development and makes a baby easily annoyed. In this state, the baby is difficult to calm down and sleep is impossible. The baby asks for attention by crying and searching for food with its mouth.It is not just unkind but also dangerous to

22、say a four-hourly feeding schedule will make a baby satisfied. The first of the experts to advocate a strict clock-watching schedule was Dr. Frederic Truby King who was against feeding in the night. Ive never heard anything so ridiculous. Baby feeding shouldnt follow a timetable set by the mum. What

23、 is important is feeding a baby in the best way, though it may cause some inconvenience in the first few weeks.Well, at last we have copper-bottomed research that supports demand feeding and points out the weaknesses of strictly timed feeding. The research finds out that babies who are fed on demand

24、 do better at school at age 5, 7, 11 and 14, than babies fed according to the clock. By the age of 8, their IQ（智商）scores are four to five percent higher than babies fed by a rigid timetable. This research comes from Oxford and Essex University using a sample（樣本）of 10,419 children born in the early 1

25、990s,taking account of parental education, family income, a childs sex and age, the mothers health and feeling style. These results dont surprise me. Feeding according to schedule runs the risk of harming the rapidly growing brain by taking no account of sinking blood sugar levels.I hope this resear

26、ch will put an end to advocating strictly timed baby feeling practices.小題1:What does the author think about Dr King?AHe is strictBHe is unkindCHe has the wrong idea.DHe sets a timetable for mothers小題2:The word copper-bottomed in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to _AbasicBreliableCsurprisingDintere

27、sting小題3:What does the research tell us about feeling a baby on demand?AThe baby will sleep well.BThe baby will have its brain harmed.CThe baby will have a low blood sugar level.DThe baby will grow to be wiser by the age of 8.小題4:The author supports feeling the baby_.Ain the nightBevery four hoursCw

28、henever it wants foodDaccording to its blood sugar levelBFor high school leavers starting out in the working world，it is very important to learn particular skills and practice how to behave in an interview or how to find all internship(實(shí)習(xí)). In some countries，schools have programs to help students on

29、to the path to work. In the Unites States，however，such programs are still few and far between. Research shows that if high schools provide career-related courses，students are likely to get higher earnings in later years. The students are more likely to stay in school，graduate and go on to higher edu

30、cation. In Germany，students as young as 13 and 14 are expected to do internships. German companies work with schools to make sure that young people get the education they need for future employment. But in America, education reform programs focus on how well students do in exams instead of bringing

31、them into contact with the working world. Harvard Education school professor Robert Schwartz has criticized education reformers for trying to place all graduates directly on the four-year college track. Schwartz argued that this approach leaves the countrys most vulnerable(易受影響的)kids with no jobs an

32、d no skills. Schwartz believed that the best career programs encourage kids to go for higher education while also teaching them valuable practical skills at high sch001. James Madison High School in New York，for example，encourages students to choose classes on careerbased courses. The school then he

33、lps them gain onthe-job experience in those fields while theyre still at high school. However, even for teens whose schools encourage them to connect with work，the job market is daunting. In the US，unemployment rates for 16-to 19-year-olds are above 20 percent for the third summer in a row. “The ris

34、k is that if teenagers miss out on the Summer job experience，they become part of this generation of teens who had trouble in landing a job，”said Michael，a researcher in the US.小題1:According to Robert Schwartz，_.Athere is no need for kids to go for higher education in the USBstudents should get conta

35、ct with the working world at high schoolCeducation reform should focus on studentsperformance in examsDteenagers in the US cant miss out on the summer job experience小題2:Whats the main idea of the text?AArguments about recent US education reform.BTips on finding jobs for high school leavers.CThe lack

36、 of career-based courses in US high schools.DAdvice for American high school leavers.小題3:The underlined word “daunting” in Paragraph 5 most probably means_.AdiscouragingBinterestingCcreativeDunbearable解題指導(dǎo)在詞義猜測題中，有些詞匯并非生詞，只需要根據(jù)上下文去推測它應(yīng)在文章中的具體含義，或找出其指代對象。做這類題，應(yīng)仔細(xì)閱讀出現(xiàn)該詞的上下文，文章中往往會對這類詞或短語進(jìn)行重復(fù)解釋或概括歸納。因此

37、答案往往可從文章中找出或推測出。猜測詞義第一招利用上下文語境線索任何一篇文中的句子在內(nèi)容上都不是絕對孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有關(guān)。利用上下文提供的情景和線索，進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的綜合分析進(jìn)而推測詞義，是閱讀過程中的一大關(guān)鍵，這也是近年來高考考查的熱點(diǎn)。第二招利用定義和解釋性線索閱讀文中的有些生詞尤其是新聞報導(dǎo)及科普類文章中的生詞，往往在其后有對該詞進(jìn)行解釋說明性的短語或句子，如to be, that is, mean, stand for, namely, to refer to, to mean, in other words等，有時也以同位語、定語從句的形式出現(xiàn)，或用破折號、括弧來表

38、示。留心閱讀就可以斷定它們的意思。第三招根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系進(jìn)行判斷。英語中句與句之間在語意上往往存在一些邏輯關(guān)系，如因果、對比、并列、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系等。因果關(guān)系的語境，通常由because, so ,therefore, so that, so / such that 等連詞體現(xiàn)。第四招利用對比線索有時文章作者為了增強(qiáng)表達(dá)效果，會用一對反義詞揭示事物的不同點(diǎn)，形成鮮明的對比，這時只要把握其中的一詞，就不難推出另一詞的含義，這時句中多見unlike; although; but; yet; while; on the contrary; on the other hand; for one thing; f

39、or another; instead of; rather than等信息詞。第五招利用同義線索和同等關(guān)系同義詞替換可以為我們推測詞義提供明顯的語境線索。一些常見的引出同義詞的標(biāo)志性詞語有 or, like, similarly等。同等關(guān)系是指一個詞、一組詞或短語在句中作同一成分，而且他們的詞義屬一范疇。只要我們認(rèn)識其中一個或幾個詞或短語，即可確定同等關(guān)系中生詞的詞性，作用和大概意思。第六招利用例證性線索 某些冷僻的詞匯后會舉一個例子，使詞匯具體易懂。such as, like, for example, for instance等連接性詞語往往用來列舉說明前面較難理解的名詞。第七招根據(jù)構(gòu)詞

40、法 閱讀中常會遇到一些由所熟悉的單詞派生或合成的新詞，可利用構(gòu)詞法知識來推測其意思。教學(xué)大綱已經(jīng)明確地將構(gòu)詞法列在語法附表中，因此利用所學(xué)構(gòu)詞法生成的詞不應(yīng)被認(rèn)定為生詞。第八招注意熟詞生義英語中大量的詞匯具有多義性，其含義并非完全等同于詞典所標(biāo)注的漢語意思，具體的詞義需要在一定的上下文中體現(xiàn)出來。閱讀理解中的熟悉詞生義比生詞本身的障礙要大得多。原因有三：其一，高考對生詞的數(shù)量有量的規(guī)定，不得超過3%；其二，熟悉詞生義很容易引起考生的誤解；其三，熟悉詞生義的數(shù)量沒有限制。如果這種現(xiàn)象在一篇文章中出現(xiàn)得多，那就更難理解了。第九招根據(jù)常識或經(jīng)驗猜測詞義在閱讀中碰到生詞時，我們有時可以運(yùn)用邏輯推理能力、自身的生活經(jīng)驗及生活常識去推斷生詞的含義。當(dāng)然也要結(jié)合語境。第十招根據(jù)詞性轉(zhuǎn)化，猜測它在語境中的詞義題目參考答案1.D 2.B 3.老年綜合癥 4 goods 5.抗生素 6 海洋生物學(xué) 7 商店里偷竊的人 8 C 9D 10D 11A 12單一的 13虎貓an endangered wild cat 14教堂other public halls can 15期刊 16 會多國語言的人17抗毒 18簡化的 19D 20B 21拖把 22作斗爭 23C 第一篇 小題1:C小題2:B小