英語簡(jiǎn)單句并列句復(fù)合句及練習(xí)

1、.英語簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句、復(fù)合句及練習(xí)一、簡(jiǎn)單句1、概述只有一個(gè)主語和一個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞的句子稱為簡(jiǎn)單句。I am a student.我是一個(gè)學(xué)生。She likes English very much.她非常喜歡英語。He usually does morning exercises on the playground.他常常在操場(chǎng)上做早操。2、簡(jiǎn)單句的基本句型英語簡(jiǎn)單句可分為五種基本句型，其它的句子可看成是這幾種基本句型的擴(kuò)展、組合、倒裝、省略。這五個(gè)基本句式：主謂結(jié)構(gòu)（S + V）；主系表結(jié)構(gòu)（S + V + P ）；主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)（S + V + O ）；主謂雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)（S + V + IO + D

2、O）；主謂賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)（S + V + O + C） 說明：S=主語；V=謂語；P=表語；O=賓語；IO=間接賓語；DO=直接賓語；C=賓語補(bǔ)足語（1）主謂結(jié)構(gòu)（S + V）在此句式中，V是不及物動(dòng)詞，又叫自動(dòng)詞(vi)。He runs quickly他跑得快。They listened carefully他們聽得很仔細(xì)。He suffered from cold and hunger他挨凍受餓。China belongs to the third world country中國屬于第三世界國家。The gas has given out煤氣用完了。My ink has run out我的鋼筆水用

3、完了。Plants grow well all the year round.一年四季植物生長(zhǎng)良好。（2）主系表結(jié)構(gòu)（S + V + P ）在此句式中，V是系動(dòng)詞(link v)，常見的系動(dòng)詞有：look，seem，appear，sound，feel，taste，smell，grow，get，fall ill/asleep，stand/sit still，become，turn等。He is older than he looks他比看上去要老。He seems interested in the book他似乎對(duì)這本書感興趣。The story sounds interesting這個(gè)故事聽

4、起來有趣。The desk feels hard書桌摸起來很硬。The cake tastes nice餅嘗起來很香。The flowers smell sweet and nice花聞起來香甜。You have grown taller than before你長(zhǎng)得比以前高了。He has suddenly fallen ill他突然病倒了。He stood quite still他靜靜地站著。He becomes a teacher when he grew up他長(zhǎng)大后當(dāng)了教師。He could never turn traitor to his country他永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)背叛他的祖國。注

5、意：有些動(dòng)詞同時(shí)也是及物動(dòng)詞，可構(gòu)成SVO句式。He looked me up and down他上下打量我。He reached his hand to feel the elephant他伸出手來摸象。They are tasting the fish他們?cè)谄穱L魚。They grow rice in their hometown他們?cè)诩亦l(xiāng)種水稻。He's got a chair to sit on他有椅子坐。Please turn the sentence into English請(qǐng)把這個(gè)句于譯成英語。（3）主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)（S + V + O ）在此句式中，V是及物動(dòng)詞(vt)，因此有

6、賓語。I saw a film yesterday我昨天看了一部電影。 Have you read the story"你讀過這個(gè)故事嗎"They found their home easily他們很容易地找到他們的家。They built a house last year他們?nèi)ツ杲艘凰孔印hey've put up a factory in the village他們?cè)诖謇锝艘蛔S。They have taken good care of the children他們把這些孩子照看得很好。You should look after your child

7、ren well你應(yīng)該好好照看你的孩子。（4）主謂雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)（S + V + IO + DO）在此句式中，V是帶有雙賓語的及物動(dòng)詞。常見的須帶雙賓語的動(dòng)詞有g(shù)ive，ask，bring，offer，send，pay，lend，show，tell，buy，get；rob，warn等。簡(jiǎn)接賓語可以緊接動(dòng)詞之后，也可以用to后置。He gave me a book/a book to me他給了我一本書。He brought me a pen/a pen to me他帶給我一枝鋼筆。He offered me his seat/his seat to me他把座位讓給我。 簡(jiǎn)接賓語可以緊接動(dòng)詞之后，也

8、可以用for后置Mother bought me a book/a book for me.媽媽給我買了一本書。He got me a chair/a chair for me他給我弄了一把椅子。Please do me a favor/a favor for me請(qǐng)幫我一下。He asked me a question/a question of me他問我個(gè)問題。簡(jiǎn)接賓語不能緊接動(dòng)詞之后，要用介詞后置They robbed the old man of his money他們搶了老人的錢。He's warned me of the danger.他警告我注意危險(xiǎn)。The docto

9、r has cured him of his disease醫(yī)生治好了他的病。We must rid the house of the rats我們必須趕走屋里的老鼠。They deprived him of his right to speak他們剝奪了他說話的權(quán)利。（5）主謂賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)（S + V + O + C）在此句式中，V是有賓語補(bǔ)足語的及物動(dòng)詞。常帶賓語補(bǔ)足語的詞有形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、名詞、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞。常見的可接賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞很多，哪些動(dòng)詞可接哪幾種形式作賓補(bǔ)，須根據(jù)動(dòng)詞的慣用法而定，不能統(tǒng)而概論。請(qǐng)看下面的例子。They made the girl angry

10、他們使這個(gè)女孩生氣了。They found her happy that day他們發(fā)現(xiàn)那天她很高興。I found him out我發(fā)現(xiàn)他出去了。I saw him in我見他在家。They saw a foot mark in the sand他們?cè)谏车厣习l(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)腳印。They named the boy Charlie他們給這個(gè)男孩起名為查理。I saw him come in and go out我見他進(jìn)來又出去。They felt the car moving fast他們感到汽車行駛得很快。I heard the glass broken just now我剛才聽到玻璃碎了。He

11、 found the door of study closed to him他發(fā)現(xiàn)研究所的大門對(duì)他關(guān)閉了。3、There be 句型（詳參There be 結(jié)構(gòu)一章）There be 結(jié)構(gòu)是一個(gè)重要的基本句型，它由 “There + be + 主語+ 壯語“構(gòu)成。There is a book on the desk.桌子上有一本書。There is a desk and two chairs in the room.屋子里有一張桌子兩把椅子。二、并列句1、概述由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句并列連接起來的句子稱為并列句(compound sentence)。并列句中的各個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句彼此獨(dú)立，互不依從，但

12、它們表達(dá)的意思之間有一定的關(guān)系。并列句中的各個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句通常用并列連詞連接起來。并列連詞之前可用逗號(hào)，也可不用逗號(hào)（但however、therefore、otherwise等并列連詞前后都常有逗號(hào)）。常見的并列句結(jié)構(gòu)是：簡(jiǎn)單句+并列連詞+簡(jiǎn)單句。這種簡(jiǎn)單句常被叫做分句。I help him and he helps me.我?guī)椭?，他幫助我。（并列連詞是and）This is our first lesson, so I don't know all your names. 這是我們的第一堂課，因此我不知道大家的名字。(并列連詞so前有逗號(hào)）She likes bread and milk

13、, but she doesn't like eggs at all. 她喜歡面包和牛奶，但她一點(diǎn)也不喜歡雞蛋。（并列連詞是but）You can draw a good horse in five minutes, yet you kept me waiting for a year.你能在五分鐘之內(nèi)畫好一匹馬，然而你卻讓我等了一年。（并列連詞是yet）Hurry up, or you'll be late. 快點(diǎn)，否則你就會(huì)遲到。（并列連詞是or）One was filled with kerosene, one with castor oil and one with v

14、inegar.一個(gè)（瓶子）裝滿煤油，一個(gè)（瓶子）裝滿蓖麻油，還有一個(gè)（瓶子）裝滿醋。（此句由3個(gè)分句組成，并列連詞是and）2、并列連詞并列連詞（或連接副詞）根據(jù)不同含義，分為如下幾類：（1）表示連接，常用的有and、not only.but also、neither.nor等。Right now it's the summer vacation and I'm helping my dad on the farm.眼下正是暑假期間，我?guī)椭职衷谵r(nóng)場(chǎng)里干活。Not only is he our teacher, but also he is our friend. 他不僅是我們

15、的老師，而且是我們的朋友。Neither did the naughty boy go home nor did his parents come to search for him. 這調(diào)皮的男孩既不回家，他的父母也不尋找他。（2）表示轉(zhuǎn)折，常用的有but、yet、sill、however、while等。We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat.在美國的南方，我們種植稻谷，而在較冷的北方，人們種植小麥。The worker hunted for jo

16、bs in New York for months, yet he couldn't find any work. 這個(gè)工人在紐約找工作己有幾個(gè)月之久，但是仍然沒有找到。Certainly he apologized, however, I won't forgive him. 他的確道歉了，然而我不會(huì)原諒他。Instead, he asked his father why he was not able to hatch chickens while hens could. 他反問他父親，為什么他不能孵出小雞，而母雞卻能。（3）表示選擇，常用的有or、or else、othe

17、rwise、otherwise、either.or等。They must be taken away from the heat of the fire, or they might get burnt. 他們必須從爐火邊拿走，不然就有可能烤糊的。Take this bus or else you won't get there in time.搭這輛公共汽車吧，否則你將無法及時(shí)到達(dá)那里。Work hard, otherwise you'll be sorry. 努力用功，否則你會(huì)后悔。Either you are mad or I am. 不是你瘋了，就是我瘋了。（4）表示原

18、因，只有for一個(gè)詞。They had often heard of elephants, but they had never seen one , for being blind, how could they" 他們常常聽說過大象，但從來沒看到過，因?yàn)樗麄兪窍棺?，怎么能看到?（5）表示結(jié)果，常用的有so、therefore。It's time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. 這是一年中收割稻谷的時(shí)期，因此，我每天都從早到晚的勞動(dòng)。He worked day

19、and night, therefore, he was able to buy the sports car. 他日夜工作，所以有能力買那輛跑車。（6）并列復(fù)合句除以上簡(jiǎn)單的并列句之外，還有一種較復(fù)雜的并列句，叫做并列復(fù)合句(compound complex sentence)，即其中的一個(gè)分句可包含一個(gè)以上從句。I sucked a finger, but the finger I put into my mouth was not the one I had dipped into the cup. 我吮吸了手指，但是我放進(jìn)嘴里的指頭不是我在杯子里蘸了一下的那個(gè)指頭。這句話中的第二個(gè)分句

20、即含有定語從句I put into my mouth及I had dipped into the cup。在語言的實(shí)際運(yùn)用中，可能會(huì)有更加復(fù)雜的并列句，如并列句可有更多的分句，分句里可能有一個(gè)以上的從句，從句里可能又有從句。但讀者只要掌握了各種句子的結(jié)構(gòu)，不管句子多么復(fù)雜，自會(huì)迎刃而解。三、復(fù)合句1、概述復(fù)合句(complex sentence)由一個(gè)主句(main clause)和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句(subordinate clause)構(gòu)成。主句是全句的主體，通?？梢元?dú)立存在；從句則只用作句子的一個(gè)成分，不能獨(dú)立。After the students were all in the ch

21、emistry lab, the teacher brought out three bottles.在學(xué)生全都進(jìn)入化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室后，老師拿出三個(gè)瓶子來。（主句是“the teacher brought out three bottles”，從句是“After the students were all in the chemistry lab”。）Corn is a very useful plant that can be prepared in many different ways.玉米是一種非常有用的作物，可用許多不同的方法制作成食物。（主句是“Corn is a very useful

22、 plant”，從句是“that can be prepared in many different ways”。）We also believe that many more people will prefer to travel by air.我們還認(rèn)為會(huì)有更多的人愿意乘飛機(jī)旅行。（主句是“We also believe”但意義不完整，從句是“that many more people will prefer to travel by air”。）2、從句的基本概念及其結(jié)構(gòu)從句不能獨(dú)立成為一個(gè)句子，雖然它也有主語部分和謂語部分。從句通常由關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo)，并由關(guān)聯(lián)詞將從句和主句聯(lián)系在一起。從句

23、的結(jié)構(gòu)通常是：關(guān)聯(lián)詞+主語+謂語。When I came home， my wife was cooking dinner. 我回家時(shí)，妻子在做晚飯。He said that he would come. 他說他要來Did you see the letter that I sent him" 你看到我寄給他的信了嗎.Whether the football game will be played depends on the weather.足球比賽是否舉行將視天氣而定。3、關(guān)聯(lián)詞（connective)引導(dǎo)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞共有下列5類：（1）從屬連詞：that（無詞義），before

24、（在前），whether（是否），after（在之后），if（假如、是否），since（既然、自從）, because（因?yàn)椋?，as/so long as（只要），when（當(dāng)時(shí)候），so that（結(jié)果）（2）疑問代詞：who, which, whom, what, whose等。（3）疑問副詞：when, why, where, how（4）關(guān)系代詞：who, which, whom, that, whose（5）關(guān)系副詞：when, why, where4、關(guān)聯(lián)詞在從句中的功用舉例We can't travel through the forest by road because

25、 there aren't any roads! 我們不能從陸路穿過森林，因?yàn)檫@兒根本沒有路可走?。P(guān)聯(lián)詞是從屬連詞because，引導(dǎo)狀語從句）I think that it's wrong to eat monkeys, so I don't.我認(rèn)為吃猴子是不對(duì)的，所以我不吃。（關(guān)聯(lián)詞是從屬連詞that，引導(dǎo)賓語從句，在從句中不作成分）Anybody who breaks the rule is punished. 誰要是破壞了這條規(guī)則，誰就要受到懲罰。（關(guān)聯(lián)詞是關(guān)系代詞who，引導(dǎo)定語從句，在從句中作主語）Although it was expensive, we

26、 decided to buy the computer.雖然價(jià)錢昂貴，我們還是決定把計(jì)算機(jī)買下來。（關(guān)聯(lián)詞是從屬連詞although，引導(dǎo)狀語從句）Would you please let me know when you have a match"你們有比賽的時(shí)候，請(qǐng)告訴我好嗎.（關(guān)聯(lián)詞是疑問副詞when，引導(dǎo)賓語從句，在從句中作狀語）What we need is more time.我們需要的是更多的時(shí)間。（關(guān)聯(lián)詞是疑問代詞what，引導(dǎo)主語從句，在從句中作賓語）5、從句的功用和種類從句在復(fù)合句中，可作主語、表語、賓語、同位語、定語、狀語等，因此，可分為六類：即主語從句、表語

27、從句、賓語從句、同位語從句、定語從句和狀語從句。The dam, which is the biggest in the world , is 3,830 metres long.這座水壩是世界上最大的一座，長(zhǎng)3830米。（含有which引導(dǎo)的定語從句）Over 500 people were working in the building when the fire broke out on the llth floor.當(dāng)11層樓起火的時(shí)候，大樓內(nèi)有500人在工作。（含有when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句）The chief editor decides which will be the mos

28、t important story on the front page. 由主編決定哪篇報(bào)導(dǎo)最重要，應(yīng)安排在頭版。（含有which引導(dǎo)的賓語從句）Whether she will come or not is still a question. 她是否會(huì)來仍是一個(gè)問題。（含有whether引導(dǎo)的主語從句）That is where he was born. 這就是他出生的地方。（含有where引導(dǎo)的表語從句）We heard the news that our team had won. 我們聽到了我們球隊(duì)己經(jīng)獲勝的消息。（含有that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句）四、點(diǎn)擊考點(diǎn)1.It's a f

29、ine day.Let's go fishing, "A.won't we B.will we C.don't we D.shall we 2.Don't smoke in the classroom, "A.do you B.will you C.can you D.could you3.He seldom has lunch at school,"A.hasn't he B.has he C.doesn't he D.does he4.We had to read the first lesson, we&quo

30、t;A.didn't B.shouldn't C.don't D.weren't5.You have John do the work, "A.do you B.don't you C.haven't you D.have you6.Let us have a look, "A.will you B.would you C.won't you D.wouldn't you7.Nobody came, "A.did he B.didn't he C.didn't they D.did t

31、hey8.You ought to wait for Joan,"A.oughtn't you B.shouldn't you C.don't you D.won't you9.We had better wait for your girl friend Juliet, "A.hadn't we B.don't we C.didn't we D.shan't we10.There is someone at the door, "A. isn't there B.is there C.isn

32、't he D.is it 11.-I'm hungry.-I'd like a sandwich, "A.would you B.do you C.couldn't you D.don't you12.-Frank is up late working again.-This is the third time this week he's had to study late, "A.isn't it B.hasn't he C.isn't he D.hasn't it13.You and I

33、 did it together,"A.didn't you B.didn't I C.didn't we D.did you 14.They should have finished it already, "A.shouldn't they B.haven't they C.have they D.should they15.She may do it if she wants to , "A.mayn't she B.doesn't she C.shan't she D.won't sh

34、e16.You must have told Mr.A the secret , "A.haven't you B.have you C.mustn't you D.must you17.She dislikes this skirt,"A.doesn't she B.does she C.isn't she D.is she18.Wang said that he was not there then, "A.did he B.didn't he C.was he D.wasn't he19.I suppose h

35、e is serious, "A.do I B.don't I C.is he D.isn't he20.He's finished the work,"A.isn't he B.doesn't he C.hasn' the D.wasn't he 21.-You aren't an actress, are you"-.A.Yes, I am not B.No, I am C.Yes, I wasnt D.No, but I was22.-How are your parents" -.A

36、.They are drivers B.They like watching TVC.They are fifty D.They are fine. Thank you23.- is your brother"-He is a teacher in a middle school.A.What B.Who C.Which D.Where24.- will you get married to him" -In two weeks.A.How long B.How soon C.How often D.How many25.Have you ever seen as clever as he"A.a person B.such perso