過去完成時詳細講解17250課件

1、Grammar (A)The Past Perfect TenseThe present perfect tense（現(xiàn)在完成時）（現(xiàn)在完成時）Have / has + the past participleI have received a letter from Lily recently.Has he handed in her homework yet?He has just gone to Beijing.They have never been to the USA.We have lived here for ten years.過去完成時使用要點：過去完成時使用要點：1兩個動作

2、都發(fā)生在過去。兩個動作都發(fā)生在過去。2一個先發(fā)生，一個后發(fā)生。先發(fā)生的動作用過去完成，一個先發(fā)生，一個后發(fā)生。先發(fā)生的動作用過去完成，后發(fā)生的動作用一般過去。后發(fā)生的動作用一般過去。 Audrey had put all her effort into ballet training before she entered the film industry. Audrey had been a model before she became a Hollywood superstar. Audrey had won an Oscar for Best Actress already when

3、she won the Tony Awards. former action later action later action former action former action later action Which happened first?1. Millie ran back to school. Millie left her magazine in the classroom. 2. Simon left school late.The football game started late.3. Daniel arrived out of breath. Daniel wen

4、t to the wrong cinema. becausebecausebecauseMillie ran back to school because she had left her magazine in the classroom. Simon left school late because the football game had started late. Daniel arrived out of breath because he had gone to the wrong cinema. Which happened first?1. Millie ran back t

5、o school. Millie left her magazine in the classroom. 2. Simon left school late.The football game started late.3. Daniel arrived out of breath. Daniel went to the wrong cinema. becausebecausebecauseMillie ran back to school because she had left her magazine in the classroom. Simon left school late be

6、cause the football game had started late. Daniel arrived out of breath because he had gone to the wrong cinema. 4. Amy lost her purse.Amy went to the police station.5. The program was on for half an hour.I got home.6. She learnt many English words.She came to our school. afterwhenbeforeAmy went to t

7、he police station after she had lost her purse.The program had been on for half an hour when I got home. She had learnt many English words before she came to our school. Something in Greens family yesterdayMr. Green got up at 6:30 a.m. Mrs. Green got ready for the breakfast before 6:30 a.m.Mrs. Gree

8、n had got ready for the breakfast when Mr. Green got up at 6:30 a.m. Something in Greens family yesterdayJim finished his homework at 7:00p.m.Mr. Green drove back home at 7:30 p.m.Jim had finished his homework when his father drove back last night.Something in Greens family yesterdaySara finished he

9、r computer work at 12:00 p.m.Jim went to sleep at 10:00 p.m.Jim had gone to sleep when Sara finished her computer work.past perfect tense（過去完成時）（過去完成時）由由had +過去分詞過去分詞構(gòu)成構(gòu)成 表示過去的過去生的動作表示過去的過去生的動作 構(gòu)成方式構(gòu)成方式:肯定句肯定句: had+動詞的過去分詞動詞的過去分詞 否定句否定句: had not+ 過去分詞過去分詞一般疑問句一般疑問句:had+ 主語主語+ 過去分詞過去分詞肯定回答肯定回答: Yes,

10、主語主語+ had. 否定回答否定回答: No, 主語主語+ hadnt.基本用法基本用法:1. 1. 過去完成時表示在過去某時或某個動作之過去完成時表示在過去某時或某個動作之前發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)或表示經(jīng)歷或經(jīng)驗前發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)或表示經(jīng)歷或經(jīng)驗. .(1) 我說自從你搬到這兒以來媽媽一直為你的懶惰我說自從你搬到這兒以來媽媽一直為你的懶惰 而生氣而生氣.辨別：辨別：自從你搬到這兒以來媽媽一直為你的懶惰而生氣自從你搬到這兒以來媽媽一直為你的懶惰而生氣.I said mother had been angry about your laziness since we moved here

11、.Mother has been angry about your laziness since we moved here.The film had begun before we got to the cinema.(2) 我到達電影院之前電影早已經(jīng)開始了我到達電影院之前電影早已經(jīng)開始了.2. 2. 過去完成時表示過去某一時間以前開始一直過去完成時表示過去某一時間以前開始一直延續(xù)到那個時間并可能延續(xù)下去的動作。常和延續(xù)到那個時間并可能延續(xù)下去的動作。常和byby或或since, forsince, for引導(dǎo)的表時間的從句或短語連用引導(dǎo)的表時間的從句或短語連用, ,但必須要與一個表示過去時

12、的動作相對照但必須要與一個表示過去時的動作相對照. .1) 1) 他來我們學(xué)校之前已經(jīng)在那所學(xué)校工作了三年。他來我們學(xué)校之前已經(jīng)在那所學(xué)校工作了三年。辨別：辨別：他已經(jīng)在那所學(xué)校工作了三年。他已經(jīng)在那所學(xué)校工作了三年。He had worked in that school for three years before he came to our school.He has worked in that school for three years我到達電影院之前電影早已經(jīng)開始了我到達電影院之前電影早已經(jīng)開始了.The film had begun before we got to the

13、cinema.2 2） 當(dāng)當(dāng)MillieMillie到達電影院的時候到達電影院的時候, , 電影已經(jīng)開始電影已經(jīng)開始了半個小時了了半個小時了. .The film had already been on for half an hour when Millie got to the cinema.3）到到2005年，我在這工作已經(jīng)五年了。年，我在這工作已經(jīng)五年了。試比較：試比較：By the year 2005, I had worked here for 5years.我在這工作已經(jīng)五年了。我在這工作已經(jīng)五年了。I have worked here for 5 years.到目前為止，我在這

14、工作已經(jīng)五年了。到目前為止，我在這工作已經(jīng)五年了。By now, I have worked here for 5 years.到上學(xué)期末為止，我在這工作已經(jīng)五年了。到上學(xué)期末為止，我在這工作已經(jīng)五年了。By the end of last term , I had worked here for 5 years.到下學(xué)期末，我將完成學(xué)業(yè)。到下學(xué)期末，我將完成學(xué)業(yè)。By the end of next term, I will finish school.3. 3. 過去完成時表示在某一動作之前已經(jīng)完過去完成時表示在某一動作之前已經(jīng)完成的動作成的動作. . 過去的時間由過去的時間由before

15、, after, before, after, whenwhen引導(dǎo)的時間從句表示出來引導(dǎo)的時間從句表示出來. .1. 1. 我在你回來之前就已經(jīng)把晚飯準備好了我在你回來之前就已經(jīng)把晚飯準備好了. .2. 2. 當(dāng)我趕到學(xué)校時當(dāng)我趕到學(xué)校時, , 已經(jīng)開始上課了已經(jīng)開始上課了. .3. 3. 在我到家之前他已經(jīng)走了在我到家之前他已經(jīng)走了. .I had finished cooking dinner before you came back.The class had begun when I got to school.He had left before I got home.試比較試比較

16、：I had finished cooking dinner when you came back.1. 1. 你回來的時候，我已經(jīng)把晚飯做好了你回來的時候，我已經(jīng)把晚飯做好了. .辨別：辨別： 你回來的時候，我正在做晚飯你回來的時候，我正在做晚飯. .所所以沒時間和你聊天。以沒時間和你聊天。I was cooking dinner when you came back. So I had no time to talk with you.試比較試比較：2. 2. 在我到家之前，他已經(jīng)走了。在我到家之前，他已經(jīng)走了。He had left before I arrived home.He wa

17、s getting ready to leave when I arrived home.辨別：辨別：當(dāng)我到家的時候，他正準備離開。當(dāng)我到家的時候，他正準備離開。4.4.在在told, said, knew, heard, thoughttold, said, knew, heard, thought等等動詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中，一般用過去完成動詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中，一般用過去完成時。時。1. 1. 她說她從來沒有去過巴黎。她說她從來沒有去過巴黎。She said (that) she had never been to Paris.2. 2. 我覺得我以前見過他。我覺得我以前見過他。I thoug

18、ht that I had seen him before.3. Tom3. Tom說他借了這本書兩周了。說他借了這本書兩周了。Tom said he had borrowed the book for 2 weeks.kept試作比較試作比較：昨天我見到王先生了。昨天我見到王先生了。自從他離開北京我們就一直未曾見自從他離開北京我們就一直未曾見過面。過面。 I saw Mr. Wang yesterday. We had not seen each other since he left Beijing.自從他離開北京我們就一直未曾見過面。自從他離開北京我們就一直未曾見過面。 We have

19、not seen each other since he left Beijing. 5. 5. 表示意向的動詞，如表示意向的動詞，如hope, wish, hope, wish, expect, think, mean, supposeexpect, think, mean, suppose等，用過等，用過去完成時表示去完成時表示“原本原本，未能，未能”。 1.1.結(jié)果比我們結(jié)果比我們原來原來想象的要好。想象的要好。 The result was better than what we had expected.2. 我們我們原本原本期望你會來的，但是你沒有來。期望你會來的，但是你沒有來。W

20、e had hoped that you would come, but you didnt.過去完成時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別過去完成時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時表示的動作發(fā)生在過去表示的動作發(fā)生在過去, , 但側(cè)重對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生但側(cè)重對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或造成的影響的結(jié)果或造成的影響, ,與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)與現(xiàn)在有關(guān). . 其結(jié)構(gòu)是其結(jié)構(gòu)是have/has+have/has+過去分詞過去分詞; ; 過去完成時過去完成時則是一個相對的時態(tài)則是一個相對的時態(tài), , 它所表示它所表示的動作不僅發(fā)生在過去的動作不僅發(fā)生在過去, ,更強調(diào)更強調(diào)”過去的過去過去的過去”, ,只有和只有和過去的某時或某動作相比較

21、時過去的某時或某動作相比較時, ,才用到它才用到它. . 到目前為止我已經(jīng)學(xué)會了到目前為止我已經(jīng)學(xué)會了30003000個單詞個單詞. .到那時我已經(jīng)學(xué)會了到那時我已經(jīng)學(xué)會了30003000個英語單詞個英語單詞. .I I have learnedhave learned 3000 English words 3000 English words so far / till so far / till now.now. I I had learnedhad learned 3000 English words 3000 English words till then.till then. 過去完

22、成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別過去完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別1. 1. 時間狀語不同時間狀語不同過去完成時在時間上強調(diào)過去完成時在時間上強調(diào)“過去的過去過去的過去”，而一般過去時只強調(diào)過，而一般過去時只強調(diào)過去某一特定的時間去某一特定的時間. . They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday. ( (說明不到點就在車站了）說明不到點就在車站了） They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.( (說明點到車站的）說明點到車站的）2) 2) 在沒有明確的時間狀語做標(biāo)志時，謂語在沒有明確的時間狀語做標(biāo)志時，謂語動

23、詞動作發(fā)生的時間先后須依據(jù)上下文來判動詞動作發(fā)生的時間先后須依據(jù)上下文來判斷，斷，先發(fā)生的用過去完成時，后發(fā)生的用一先發(fā)生的用過去完成時，后發(fā)生的用一般過去時般過去時I had finished my homework before my mother came back.在媽媽回來前，我已經(jīng)把作業(yè)寫完了。在媽媽回來前，我已經(jīng)把作業(yè)寫完了。) 當(dāng)兩個或兩個以上的動作用當(dāng)兩個或兩個以上的動作用and或或but連連接時，按時間順序接時，按時間順序只需用一般過去時代替只需用一般過去時代替過去完成時；另外在引導(dǎo)的從句中由于這過去完成時；另外在引導(dǎo)的從句中由于這些連詞本身已經(jīng)表示時間的先后，因此也些連詞

24、本身已經(jīng)表示時間的先后，因此也可以用過去時來代替過去完成時可以用過去時來代替過去完成時 He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper. I (had) called her before I left the office.總結(jié)：總結(jié)：1 兩個動作都發(fā)生在過去，但有先后順序。比較明顯的時間詞兩個動作都發(fā)生在過去，但有先后順序。比較明顯的時間詞是是when, before, after. 注意注意when引導(dǎo)的過去進行時。引導(dǎo)的過去進行時。2 by, till, up to引導(dǎo)的時間引導(dǎo)的時間 by the

25、end of last term, last month 過去完成時過去完成時 next term, this term 一般將來時一般將來時 by now 現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時3 句子中出現(xiàn)句子中出現(xiàn)for, since引導(dǎo)的時間，必須有引導(dǎo)的時間，必須有he said, he told me, he knew等一般過去時作為參照，才能使用過去完成時。等一般過去時作為參照，才能使用過去完成時。4 語境題。要根據(jù)前后句意來判斷。語境題。要根據(jù)前后句意來判斷。He didnt go with me, because he had been there before.一次性動詞與延續(xù)性動詞的替換一

26、次性動詞與延續(xù)性動詞的替換begin, start (表上映表上映) = be on , begin, start to do = doend, finish = be over open = be openclose = be closed, buy = haveborrow = keep, died = be deadleave(sw) = be away (from sw)get to know = know, come,go = be join = be in, be a member of arrive, get, reach = bebecome interested in = b

27、e interested intake a walk / rest = have a walk / restreceive/ get a letter from sb , hear from = have a letter from sbMore practiceWhen I arrived there, they_(leave) already.The film_(start),when we got to the cinema.I _(read) the book before I started school.They thought that they_(try) their best

28、.The poor girl never saw her grandpa because he _ (pass away) before she was born.I _ (not realize) she wasnt Chinese until she spoke.He _ (not see) the film yesterday, because he _ (see) it already before.had lefthad startedhad readhad triedhad passed awayhadnt realized didnt seehad seen選擇填空( )1.-

29、“Did you see Tom at the party?”-“No, Mary told me that he _ by the time I got there.” A. left B. was leaving C. had left D. has left( )2. He said that he _ his lunch yet. A. hadnt had B. hasnt had C. wouldnt have D. was having( )3. By the end of last year we _ each other for ten years. A. have known

30、 B. knew C. were knowing D. had known( )4. I saw Li Lei yesterday. We hadnt seen each other _ I left Beijing. A. after B. before C. since D. until cA D c( )6. I learned_ the city for a long time.A.she has been in B. she has gone to C. she had been in D. she had gone to( )7. He said that he _ a cold

31、for three days.A. has B. had caught C. had had D. has got( )8. I saw Kate with a new radio in her hand yesterday, but she told me she_the radio for ten days.A.has bought B. had bought C. has had D. had had ccD ( )9. The film _ when I got there. A. has begun B. had already started C .began D. have al

32、ready begun ( )10. The film _ for ten minutes when we got to the cinema. A. had already been on B. had already begun C. have already been on D. have already begun A B More practice:1. He told me he _(meet) her before.2. She thanked me for what I _(do) for her son.3. I _(learn) 300 words by the end of last month.4. He _(leave) his office when I arrived there.5. She _(visit) the city three times before she died