初中英語被動語態(tài)

1、初中英語被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)的概念與結構1.概念語態(tài)是動詞的一種形式，用來說明句子主語和謂語動詞之間的關系。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者;被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。We clean the office every day. 我們每天打掃辦公室。(主動語態(tài))The abacus was invented in the sixth century by the Chinese. 算盤是中國人在6世紀發(fā)明的。( 被動語態(tài))2.結構被動語態(tài)由“be +過去分詞”構成。其各種被動語態(tài)結構一般現在時 am/is/are+過去分詞一般過去時 waswere+過去分詞一般將來時 shall/will b

2、e+過去分詞am/is/are going to be +過去分詞現在進行時 am/is/are being +過去分詞現在完成時 have/has been+過去分詞過去進行時 was/were being +過去分詞過去將來時 should/would be +過去分詞was/were going to be +過去分詞含有情態(tài)動詞 情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞3.一般現在時的被動語態(tài)一般現在時的被動語態(tài)由“am/is/are +過去分詞”構成。-What are they used for? 一它們是用來做什么的-They're used for seeing in the dark

3、. 一它們是被用來在黑暗中 照明的。題目 1. In order to make our hometown more beautiful, trees around the city every year. A. plant B. are planted C. will plant2. Soft drinks _to children for free in some restaurants on Children's Day. A. offer B. have offered C. are offered D. will be offered 句意:為了讓我們的家鄉(xiāng)更加美麗， 每年都

4、要在我們的城市周圍栽樹。本題考查時態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。根據every year可知，應該用一般現在時;又因為plant和trees之間是動賓關系，故用被動語態(tài)。般現在時的被動語態(tài)構成為“be( am/is/are) +動詞的過去分詞”。故選B項。2. C 句意:在兒童節(jié)，一些飯店免費給孩子們提供不含酒精的飲料。本題考查被動語態(tài)。on Children's Day指的是每個兒童節(jié)，所以用一般現在時;soft drinks 和offer是被動關系，故用被動語態(tài)。一般現在時的被動語態(tài)是由“am/ is/ are +過去分詞”構成。故答案選C項。4.一般過去時的被動語態(tài) 一般過去時的被動語態(tài)由“wa

5、s/were+過去分詞”構成。 一When was the car invented?汽車是什么時候發(fā)明的-l was invented in 1885. 它是在1885年被發(fā)明的。1. -Hey，Molly. You on the phone just now. But you weren't here and the man left a phone number. -Oh I was in the library. A. wanted B. are wanted C. were wanted D. have wanted2. There was a big earthquake

6、in Japan, but luckily many people . A. save B. saved C. are saved D. were saved1. C 句意:嘿,Molly，剛才有電話找你，但是你不在，那個人留下了一個電話號碼。哦 (剛才)我在圖書館。本題考查被動語態(tài)的用法。根據句意及just now可知應該用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)，故答案為C。2. D 句意:日本發(fā)生了大地震，但幸運的是許多人得救了。本題考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。由于前一個分句是一般過去時，所以后一個分句也要用一般過去時;又因為people與save是被動關系,所以此題應用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。故答案選D項。5.一般將來

7、時的被動語態(tài)一般將來時的被動語態(tài)由“shallwill be +過去分詞”或“am/ is/ are going to be +過去分詞”構成。A new road will be built next year. 明年要修一條新馬路。That book is going to be made into a movie. 那本書將被改編成電影。1. More money when we use both sides of paper. A. will save B. was saved C. has saved D. will be saved2. The radio says a wild

8、animal zoo is going to _in our city. A. be built B. built C. build D. be building1. D 句意:當我們用紙的兩面時,將節(jié)約更多的錢。本題考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。more money和save之間為被動關系，故用被動語態(tài)，排除A、C兩項，根據when從句的一般現在時可知主句應該用一般將來時。一般將來時的被動語態(tài)構成是:will be +動詞的過去分詞。故答案為D項。2.句意:收音機報道說一個野生動物園將在我們市建造。 本題考查被動語態(tài)。由于z00和build之間存在被動關系，根據題干可知,此題應用一般將來時的被動語態(tài)。 故

9、答案選A項。6.現在進行時的被動語態(tài)現在進行時的被動語態(tài)由“am/ is/are being +過去分詞”構成。A new chemistry lab is being built in our school. 我們學校正在修建個新的化學實驗室。In China, big plans are now being made to send up more satellites and even build a space station. 現在中國正在制訂一些大計劃要發(fā)射更多的衛(wèi)星 ，甚至要建一個太空站。7.現在完成時的被動語態(tài)現在完成時的被動語態(tài)由“have/has been +過去分詞”構成

10、。Well, he has been trained to understand different instructions. 哦,他已經被訓練得能理解不同的指令了。Millions of trees have been planted in our city this year. 今年我們市種植了數百萬棵樹。1. No decision about that matter yet. We are still considering it.A. has been made B. has made C. will be made D. will make句意:關于那件事還沒有做決定。我們仍然在

11、考慮。本題考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。短語make a decision意為“做決定”，上句中主語decision與謂語動詞make之間存在被動關系，故用動詞的被動語態(tài)，可排除B、D兩項;又根據句意及關鍵詞yet可知，應用現在完成時。8.含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)由“情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞”構成。Teenagers should be allowed to go out with their friends every night.應該允許青少年每天晚上和他們的朋友們一起外出。The classroom must be cleaned at once. 教室必須馬上打掃。1. -It&

12、#39;s difficult for village children to cross the river to school. - -I think a bridge over the river.A. should be built B. will build C. is built D. was built 1. A 句意:一對農村的孩子來說，橫穿河流去上學真是太難了。我認為應該在河上建造一座橋。本題考查被動語態(tài)。題干中的主語bridge和謂語動詞build 之間是被動關系，所以要用被動語態(tài)。含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)的形式為:情態(tài)動詞+ be +動詞的過去分詞。9. 被動語態(tài)的用法1.

13、 不清楚動作的執(zhí)行者時 當不清楚動作的執(zhí)行者時，應用被動語態(tài)。The glass was broken yesterday.昨天那個玻璃杯被打破了。Our school was set up in 1951.我們學校始建于1951年。2.強調動作的承受者時 當要強調動作的承受者時，應用被動語態(tài)。The sick girl is being taken good care of. 那個生病的女孩正受到很好地看護。3.不必指出動作的執(zhí)行者時 當不必指出動作的執(zhí)行者時，應用被動語態(tài)。The machine is made in China.這臺機器是中國制造的。Letters are collect

14、ed at nine every morning. 信件每天早晨九點被收取。4.句法結構需要時 當動作的執(zhí)行者有較長的修飾語時，需要用被動語態(tài)。 The plan was supported by those who lived far away from the factory.那個計劃得到了那些住得離工廠較遠的人們的支持。 5.表示“據說、據報道”等時，也用被動語態(tài)。It's said that he is going abroad with his parents.據說他要隨他的父母去國外。It's reported that many people have been

15、lost in the earth-quake.據報道，地震已造成許多人失蹤。10.主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)的轉換主動句轉換為被動句時，被動句的時態(tài)要與主動句的時態(tài)一樣,但be動詞的人稱和數要根據被動句的主語來確定。1. 基本句式“主語+謂語+賓語”的轉換主動句變?yōu)楸粍泳涞姆椒ㄒ话惴秩?1.將主動句的賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z;2.將謂語動詞由主動形式改為被動形式“be +過去分詞”;3.將主動句的主語改為被動句中介詞by的賓語( by短語有時可以省去)。We plant many trees every year. Many trees are planted by us every year.1.

16、My students always share ideas in class. ( 改為被動語態(tài)) Ideas always by my students in class.2. His parents didn't catch his words at once. (改為被動語態(tài)) His words by his parents at once.答案 1. are; shared 由于主動句是一般現在時,所以被動句要用一般現在時的被動語態(tài)結構“an/is/ are+過去分詞”，故第一空填 are;第二空填shared。 2. weren't caught 由于主動句是一般

17、過去時，所以被動句要用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)結構“was/were +過去分詞”。又因為主動句是否定，所以被動句也要用否定，故填weren't caught.2. 句式“主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語”的轉換 含有雙賓語的主動句變?yōu)楸粍泳鋾r，有兩種方式:1.可將間接賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y構的主語,直接賓語不變。 My grandma gave me a present I was given a present ( by my grandma) yesterday.3. 也可以將直接賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y構的主語，這時，應在間接賓語前加介詞to或for。 My father bought me a ne

18、w computer. A new computer was bought for me(by my father). 一般來說，間接賓語前帶to的動詞有bring, give，hand, send, teach, show, tell, offer, pass，take, sell, ask ,lend等;間接賓語前帶for 的動詞有buy, cook, make, sing, save, get等。4. 句式“主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補足語”的轉換 含有賓語補足語的主動句變?yōu)楸粍泳鋾r，可將其賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y構的主語，賓語補足語留在原處作主語的補足語。 The man painted the d

19、oor green yesterday.The door was painted green yesterday.5. 高頻考點 主動句中的感官動詞see，hear，watch, feel，notice等以及后面跟不帶to的不定式的使役動詞make, let, have 等，變?yōu)楸粍泳鋾r，應加上不定式符號to。 The boss makes them work twelve hours a day.一 They are made to work twelve hours a day.6. 含有短語動詞的句式的轉換 含有短語動詞的主動句變?yōu)楸粍泳鋾r，不能把動詞與介詞或副詞分開，也不能遺漏動詞后的介詞和副詞。 I can take good care of the dog. The dog can be taken good care of( by me).7. 主動形式表示被動意義的情況 1.連系動詞如sell, taste, fell, sound, prove等，可以用主動形式表示被動意義。 This soup tastes great. 這種湯嘗起來非常美味。 The silk fells very smooth.絲綢摸上去很滑爽。2.表示主語特征、狀態(tài)的動詞如wash, write, sell, read, open, cu