八年級下Unit10課件3(Gramma-4c)

1、The Present Perfect Tense ( II )How long have you had that bike over there?Ive had it for three years.How long has his son owned the train and railway set?Hes owned it since his fourth birthday.Have you ever played football?Yes, I did when I was little, but I havent played for a while now.Grammar Fo

2、cus1.過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果造成的影響或結(jié)果。和。和 already，never,ever,just,before,yet等狀語連用。等狀語連用。2.過去過去已經(jīng)已經(jīng)開始開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，的動作或狀態(tài)， 常與常與for或或since引起的一段時(shí)間狀語連用。引起的一段時(shí)間狀語連用。had breakfastI have just had my breakfast.(現(xiàn)在我不餓現(xiàn)在我不餓)Im not hungry nowmoved herein 2011I have lived here for five years.I have li

3、ved here since 2010/five years ago. now(8:00)Past(7:30)結(jié)構(gòu)：結(jié)構(gòu)： 主語主語+ have / has + 動詞的過去分詞動詞的過去分詞I still live here nowPast(2010) now(2015)5 years past（2005）futureNow（2015）camelive10 yearsKate has lived in Jingzhou for 10 years. Kate has lived in Jingzhou since 2005. Kate has lived in Jingzhou since 10

4、 years ago.Kate has lived here since she came to China.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與表示從過去某一時(shí)刻延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與表示從過去某一時(shí)刻延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（包括現(xiàn)（包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)）在在內(nèi)）的一的一段時(shí)間的狀語段時(shí)間的狀語連用。連用。 for和和since， since+過去時(shí)間點(diǎn)過去時(shí)間點(diǎn) She has taught English since 1994. since+一段時(shí)間一段時(shí)間+ago She has taught English since 20 years ago since+過去時(shí)的從句過去時(shí)的從句 She has taught English

5、 since he came here.for+時(shí)間段時(shí)間段(長達(dá)）長達(dá)） He has taught English for 20 years. so far, up to now, today, until/till, this week (month, year) during /over /in the past few years (weeks, months)對對since, for提問都用提問都用How long選擇選擇for或或since填空：填空：I have been here _five months ago.2. He has been a soldier _ abou

6、t two months.3. Great changes have taken place _ you left.4. I have studied English _ I was 12 years old.5.Mr. Brown has had his TV _ 15 years. 6.Ive taken driving lessons _last month. 7. My friends havent visited me _ my birthday. 8. We havent used our car _ a long time . 9.She hasnt had a good cup

7、 of coffee _ years. 10.Tom has worn glasses _ he was 7 years old.forsincesinceforforsincesinceforsincesince Practice using since or for:2 hours 3 years half an hour ago 45 minutes 2 hours ago20 minutes 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常和 for 或或 since 引導(dǎo)的表示引導(dǎo)的表示 “一段時(shí)間一段時(shí)間”的短語或從句連用的短語或從句連用,此時(shí)動詞此時(shí)動詞不可用瞬間動詞不可用瞬間動詞，而，而必須必須用延

8、續(xù)性動詞用延續(xù)性動詞。(否定句除外否定句除外) 他買這車已經(jīng)半年了。他買這車已經(jīng)半年了。 He has bought the car for six months. ( ) Hes had the car for six months. ( )He bought a car six months ago. 他六個(gè)月前買了一輛車。他六個(gè)月前買了一輛車。(與過去具體時(shí)間連用，表示過去的動作，故該句用的與過去具體時(shí)間連用，表示過去的動作，故該句用的是一般過去時(shí)是一般過去時(shí))He has had a car for six months. 他買車已經(jīng)半年了。他買車已經(jīng)半年了。(此句與此句與for si

9、x months即即 “一段時(shí)間一段時(shí)間”連用，而連用，而瞬間性瞬間性動詞動詞buy不可延續(xù)，不可延續(xù)，故要說明動作的延續(xù)性，須把故要說明動作的延續(xù)性，須把buy換成持續(xù)性動詞換成持續(xù)性動詞have)延續(xù)性動詞延續(xù)性動詞，是能夠延續(xù)的動詞，表示經(jīng)驗(yàn)、經(jīng)，是能夠延續(xù)的動詞，表示經(jīng)驗(yàn)、經(jīng)歷，可以和歷，可以和for+時(shí)間段，時(shí)間段，since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)時(shí)間點(diǎn)/時(shí)間段時(shí)間段ago，since+一般過去式的句子連用一般過去式的句子連用 I have known him since then.(表經(jīng)歷表經(jīng)歷)例例 learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep. have

10、, sleep, live , stay, sing, read, wait非延續(xù)性動詞非延續(xù)性動詞也稱為終止性動詞也稱為終止性動詞,瞬間性動詞，瞬間性動詞，表示行為的結(jié)果表示行為的結(jié)果,不能與一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。不能與一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。 He has finished the work.(表結(jié)果表結(jié)果)例如：例如：open, close, go ,leave, come, borrow, lend, buy 1. 轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)換為換為相應(yīng)的相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞延續(xù)性動詞，用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。，用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 borrow keep buy have put on wear become be get t

11、o know know get to sleep sleep catch a cold have a cold I borrowed a book last week. 上周我借了一本書。上周我借了一本書。(說明過去的動作，與過去具體時(shí)間連用說明過去的動作，與過去具體時(shí)間連用)I have borrowed the book. 我已經(jīng)借了那本書了。我已經(jīng)借了那本書了。(說明現(xiàn)在書在我這里的事實(shí)說明現(xiàn)在書在我這里的事實(shí))I have kept the book for a week. 我已經(jīng)借那本書我已經(jīng)借那本書一周了。一周了。(與與for a week即即 “一段時(shí)間一段時(shí)間”連用，連用，用持

12、續(xù)性動詞用持續(xù)性動詞keep替換瞬間性動詞替換瞬間性動詞borrow。)2.轉(zhuǎn)換成轉(zhuǎn)換成be+名詞名詞 make friends be friends go to schoolbe a student join be a member of join the army be a soldier join the Party be a Party member3轉(zhuǎn)換成轉(zhuǎn)換成be+形容詞或副詞形容詞或副詞 diebe dead finish be over begin/startbe on leavebe away fall sleep be asleep close be closed open

13、 be open go out be out 4.轉(zhuǎn)換成轉(zhuǎn)換成 be+介詞短語介詞短語 go to school be in school join the army be in the army come/go/ get to/arrive/reach/ be + in/at /on join be in/be a member of 瞬間動詞瞬間動詞的的否定式否定式，可以和可以和表示一表示一段時(shí)間段時(shí)間的狀的狀語語連用連用。即動作的不發(fā)生是可以持續(xù)的。即動作的不發(fā)生是可以持續(xù)的。I have bought this computer since four years ago. ( )I h

14、ave had this computer since four years ago. ( )I havent bought anything for two months. ( )I havent heard from him for 3 weeks. ( )We havent borrowed books from school library for half a month.I havent bought something expensive since last month. 他已經(jīng)很久沒有去學(xué)校了他已經(jīng)很久沒有去學(xué)校了.He hasnt gone to school for a

15、long time. 瞬間動詞可以用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，不能和表示一瞬間動詞可以用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，不能和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。但是他可以轉(zhuǎn)換成相應(yīng)的段時(shí)間的狀語連用。但是他可以轉(zhuǎn)換成相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞延續(xù)性動詞.請用括號中所給的詞語重新改寫下列句子：請用括號中所給的詞語重新改寫下列句子：1).He has caught a cold. (for two days )2).His grandfather has died. ( since he was 8.)3).The movie has started. ( for half an hour)4).They have left Beijing. (

16、 for three months .) His grandfather has been dead since he was 8 years old.The movie has been on for half an hour.They have been away from Beijing for three months. He has had a cold for three days.1.Becky _(has been, has become) a doctor for ten years. She likes her job very much. 2.We are late. T

17、he movie _(has started, has been on ) for ten minutes.3.Ken,you should return the book to the library. You _(have borrowed, have kept) it for more than two weeks. 4.I _(have bought, have had) this bike since I was ten, so I want to buy a new one.5. She _ this book for nearly three weeks. A. has borr

18、owed B. has lent C. has bought D. has kept 1. His grandpa died in 2004. (同義句轉(zhuǎn)化同義句轉(zhuǎn)化) His grandpa _for 10 years.2.The exhibition has been on for 3 days. (同義句同義句) The exhibition _3 days ago.3. My parents got married 25 years ago.(同義句同義句) My parents _ for 25 years.4. I bought the MP3 last week. (同義句同義句

19、) I _ the MP3 for a week.5. Kitty joined the Reading Club last year. (同義句同義句) Kitty _ the Reading Club since last year.6. The class finished ten minutes ago.(同義句同義句) The class _ for ten minutes.has been deadstarted / beganhave been marriedhave hadhas been a member of按要求改寫句子按要求改寫句子has been over1.Jim

20、is in Japan. He arrived there three days ago.2. They are very hungry. Their last meal was ten hours ago.3. I have a camera. I bought it in 2009.4. I know Anna. I first met her three years ago.5. Linda is ill. She became ill on Monday.Rewrite the sentences using for or since.Jim has been in Japan for

21、 three years.I have had a camera since 2009.Linda has been ill since Monday.I have known Ann for three years/since three years ago.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定句中可以用非延續(xù)性動詞。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定句中可以用非延續(xù)性動詞。They have not eaten for ten hours /since ten hours ago.4a4aa. I bought the car three years ago.b. He left Beijing two weeks ago.c

22、. He joined the army six months ago.II. 用句型用句型: ( (終止性動詞終止性動詞) )a. It is three years since I bought the car.b. It is two weeks since he left Beijing.c. It is six months since he joined the army.III.狀態(tài)可以延續(xù)狀態(tài)可以延續(xù)a. I have had the car for three years.b. He has been away from Beijing for two weeks.c. He

23、 has been a soldier (in army) for six years.a. 這部車我買了三年了這部車我買了三年了.b. 他離開北京兩個(gè)星期了他離開北京兩個(gè)星期了.c. 他入伍六個(gè)月了他入伍六個(gè)月了.完成時(shí)態(tài)可用在下列結(jié)構(gòu)中：完成時(shí)態(tài)可用在下列結(jié)構(gòu)中： .that-clause（ “第第次做次做” 這是我外婆第一次用手機(jī)這是我外婆第一次用手機(jī).It is the first time my grandmother has used a cellphone. 這是我第二次從一個(gè)電影中學(xué)到這么多這是我第二次從一個(gè)電影中學(xué)到這么多.That is the second time I

24、have learnt so much from a movie. This is the first time that I _ (see) pandas. that- clause(“到現(xiàn)在為止是最到現(xiàn)在為止是最的的” 你是我見過最棒的老師！你是我見過最棒的老師！You are the best teacher that I have ever met.have seen那是我見過的最大的豬那是我見過的最大的豬.That was the biggest pig that I had seen.那是我聽過最美妙的音樂那是我聽過最美妙的音樂.It was the sweetest music

25、(that) I had heard.It is the most delicious food that I _(taste)The best gift I _ ever _is a scarfhave seenhave tastedhave received注意以上的時(shí)態(tài):瞬間瞬間動詞和延續(xù)性動詞、狀態(tài)句型轉(zhuǎn)換練習(xí)動詞和延續(xù)性動詞、狀態(tài)句型轉(zhuǎn)換練習(xí)1.你來晚了，電影放映十分鐘了。你來晚了，電影放映十分鐘了。A: You are late. The film _ _ _ for ten minutes.B: You are late ,It _ ten minutes since the f

26、ilm _.C: You are late . The film _ ten minutes _.2.我叔叔當(dāng)兵已經(jīng)兩年了我叔叔當(dāng)兵已經(jīng)兩年了A: My uncle _ _ _the army for two years .B: It _ 2 years _ my uncle _ the army.C: My uncle _ the army two years _.has been onhas been onis isbegan /startedbegan /startedbegan /startedbegan /startedagoagohas been inhas been inis i

27、ssincesincejoinedjoinedjoinedjoinedagoago3.Linda 已經(jīng)感冒已經(jīng)感冒4, 5 天了。天了。A: Linda _ _ a cold _ 4 to 5 days.B: It _ 4 to 5 days _ Linda _ a cold.C: Linda _ a cold 4 to 5 days _.4.他爺爺去世已經(jīng)他爺爺去世已經(jīng)5年了年了A: His grandpa_ _ _ for 5 years.B: It _ 5 years _ his grandpa _ .C: His grandpa _ five years _.6.你來晚了，火車已經(jīng)開走

28、二十分鐘了。你來晚了，火車已經(jīng)開走二十分鐘了。A: You are late. The train _ _ _ for 20 minutes.B: It _ 20 minutes _ the train _.C: T he train _ 20 minutes _.has hadhas hadforforis issincesincecaughcaught tcaughcaught tagoagohas been deadhas been deadis issincesincedieddieddieddiedagoagohas been awayhas been awayis issinces

29、inceleftleftleftleftagoago1. How many times _you _(be) there?2. I _ (read) the novel twice. Its interesting.3. She _(go) to Pairs, hasnt she? Yes. How _ she _(go) there? She _(go) there by air.4. So far, many countries _ (develop) their software programs.5.Mr Chen _(give) up smoking last year.6.Mr Chen _ (give) up smoking since last year.have readhave readhas gonehas gonediddidgogowentwenthave developedhave developedgavegavehas givenhas givenhavehavebeenbeen I _ (never be) to the water park before. I want to _ (go) nex