自考國際商務(wù)英語-句子翻譯

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上LESSON 1 INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS國際商務(wù)1. 國際貿(mào)易一般指不同國家的當(dāng)事人進(jìn)行的交易，它涉及到許多因素，因而比國內(nèi)貿(mào)易要復(fù)雜得多。International business refers to transaction between parties from different countries. It involves more factors and thus is more complicated than domestic countries. 2. 隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化進(jìn)程的發(fā)展，很少人和公司能完全獨(dú)立于國際商務(wù)之外而存在。因此

2、，在此方 面具有一定的知識是十分必要的，這既有益于企業(yè)的發(fā)展又有益于個人的進(jìn)步。With the development of economic globalization, few people or companies can completely stay away from international business. Therefore, some knowledge in this respect is necessary both for the benefit of enterprises and personal advancement. 3. 其他參與國際貿(mào)易的形式有管理

3、合同、承包生產(chǎn)和“交鑰匙”工程。Other forms for participating in international business are management contract, contract manufacturing, and turnkey project. 4. 國際貿(mào)易最初以商品貿(mào)易的形式出現(xiàn)，即在一國生產(chǎn)或制造商品而出口或進(jìn)口到另一國進(jìn)行消 費(fèi)或轉(zhuǎn)售。International business first took the form of commodity trade, i.e. exporting and importing goods produced o

4、r manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in another. 5. 除了國際貿(mào)易和投資， 國際許可和特許經(jīng)營有時也是進(jìn)入國外市場的一種方式。 Besides trade and investment, international licensing and franchising are sometimes taken as a means of entering a foreign market. 6. 國際貿(mào)易和國內(nèi)貿(mào)易在法制體系、貨幣、文化和自然條件與經(jīng)濟(jì)條件方面都有所不同。 International busin

5、ess and domestic business are quite different in legal systems, currency, culture and natural and economic conditions. 7. 隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的發(fā)展， 無形貿(mào)易即使在發(fā)展中國家的國際貿(mào)易中所占的比例也逐漸增大。 With the development of economic globalization, invisible trade accounts for an increasing proportion of the world trade even in the dev

6、eloping countries. 8. 國際投資是國際商務(wù)的另一個重要形式， 可分為外國直接投資和證券投資兩大領(lǐng)域。 International investment is another form of international business and can be classified into two categories, foreign direct investment and portfolio investment.9. 對商務(wù)知識的了解可避免產(chǎn)生國際貿(mào)易活動中的一些問題。Knowledge of business will avoid giving rise to s

7、ome problems in respect of international business activities. 10. BOT 是“交鑰匙”工程的一種流行的變通形式。BOT is a popular variant of the turnkey project. LESSON 2 收入水平與世界市場INCOME LEVEL AND THE WORLD MARKET11. 國民生產(chǎn)總值和國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值是表明一國收入的兩個重要概念。區(qū)別在于前者強(qiáng)調(diào)的是生產(chǎn)要素的所屬權(quán)而后者著重于進(jìn)行生產(chǎn)的國家。GNP and GDP are two important concepts used to

8、indicate a countrys income. The difference between GNP and GDP is that the former focuses on ownership of the factors of production while the latter concentrates on the place where production takes place. 12. 要評估某一市場的潛力，人們往往要分析其收入水平，因?yàn)樗鼮槟抢锞用竦馁徺I力高低提供了線索。In assessing the potential of a market, people

9、often look at its income level since it provides clues about the purchasing power of its residents.13. 世界各國被世界銀行分為三大領(lǐng)域：高收入國家，中等收入國家和低收入國家。Countries of the world are divided by the World Bank into three categories of high-income, middle income and low income. 14. 中國現(xiàn)在的年人均收入為 1100 美元以上，但幾年前它還是一個低收入的國家

10、。China with an annual per capita income of over $1100 is a middle income country though it was a low income country just a few years ago. 15. 就中國來說，周圍還有其他應(yīng)特別關(guān)注的市場，如亞洲四小虎、東盟國家、俄羅斯等國，這些 國家都具有前景看好的市場潛力，能為中國提供很好的商機(jī)。As far as China is concerned, other markets we should pay particular attention to are tho

11、se around us: the Four Tigers, the ASEAN countries, Russia etc. those are countries with very promising market potential and can offer good business opportunities to China. 16. 日本和中國是重要貿(mào)易伙伴，兩國經(jīng)濟(jì)互補(bǔ)，又是一衣帶水的近鄰。中日貿(mào)易關(guān)系對兩國都有 重要的意義。With mutually complementary economy, Japan and China are major trade partne

12、rs, and the two countries are close neighbors separated by a strip of water. Sino-Japanese business relations are therefore of great importance to both countries. LESSON 3 地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化REGIONAL ECONOMIC INTEGRATION17. 過去的幾十年，地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化越來越重要。The past decades witnessed increasingly growing importance of region

13、al economic integration. 18. 最著名的自由貿(mào)易區(qū)是北美自由貿(mào)易區(qū)，它是由美國，加拿大和墨西哥于 1991 年建立的。The most notable free trade area is the North American Free Trade Area, formed by the United States, Canada and Mexico in 1991. 19. 經(jīng)濟(jì)聯(lián)盟的成員國不僅要在稅收，政府開支，企業(yè)策略等方面保持一致，而且還應(yīng)使用同一的 貨幣。The members of an economic union are required to no

14、t only to harmonize their taxation, government expenditure, industry policies, etc. but also use the same currency. 20. 歐洲委員會是歐盟的管理機(jī)構(gòu)之一，此機(jī)構(gòu)將提議呈交給部長理事會做決定，并監(jiān)督各成員國根據(jù)所制定的條約履行自己的義務(wù)。The European Commission is one of the governing organs of the EU. It is the body which puts proposals to the Council of Min

15、isters for decision and sees that the members carry out their duties under the treaty. 21. APEC 建立于在澳大利亞首都堪培拉召開的一次部長級會議上。當(dāng)時有 12 位成員國出席，分別 為澳大利亞，美國，加拿大，日本，韓國，新西蘭和東盟六國。APEC was set up at the Ministerial Meeting held in the Australia capital Canberra attended by 12 members of Australia, the United Stat

16、es, Canada, Japan, Republic of Korea, New Zealand and Six ASEAN countries.22. 為了更好地分享商品，服務(wù)，勞動以及其他資源自由流動帶來的好處，各國簽署了各種協(xié)議，促進(jìn)成員國間的貿(mào)易自由化。To better enjoy the benefit of free flow of goods, services, capital, labor and other resources, countries have signed various agreements to liberalize trade among them

17、. 23. 歐盟各國經(jīng)濟(jì)的成功一體化降低了跨境交易成本，實(shí)現(xiàn)了規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)，歐洲企業(yè)也在更激烈的競爭中提高了效率 。The successful integration of European economies eliminated the cost of cross-border transactions, realized better economies of scale and made the European companies more efficient through more intense competition. 24. 除了區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化，各國還可能建立商品卡特爾控制某

18、種商品的產(chǎn)量和定價來為相關(guān)產(chǎn)品尋求更高或更穩(wěn)定的價格。Besides regional economic integration, countries may form a commodity cartel to control the production, pricing and sale of particular goods so as to seek higher and more stable prices for the relevant goods. LESSON 4 經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION25. 經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化為世界經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展提供了新的動力和機(jī)會，同

19、時也使各經(jīng)濟(jì)體更加相互依賴，相互影響。Economic globalization is giving new impetus and opportunities to world economic development and meanwhile making the various economies more and more interdependent and interactive. 26. 跨國公司是在一個以上的國家擁有、控制和經(jīng)營資產(chǎn)的商業(yè)組織。A multinational enterprise is a business organization that owns, c

20、ontrols and manages assets in more than one country. 27. 許多人歡呼經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化帶來的好處、但同時也有強(qiáng)烈的反對聲音。While many people are acclaiming the benefits brought about by economic globalization, there are also loud voices of opposition. 28. 跨國公司的內(nèi)部交換占整個國際貿(mào)易的一個很大的比例 。The transfer of the intra-MNE transactions constitutes

21、a very significant proportion of total international trade. 29. 盡管公司的日常管理工作下放到跨國企業(yè)的子公司, 但重要決策，如有關(guān)公司目標(biāo)和新投資等 都由母公司來決定。 Although the day-to-day running of corporate operations may be decentralized to the affiliate MNCs, the major decisions, such as those on corporate goals and new investments are made

22、by the parent company. 30. 無論人們是否喜歡， 經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化已成為世界經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中的一個客觀趨勢。 Like it or not, economic globalization has become an objective trend in world economic development. 31. 經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化不僅涉及經(jīng)濟(jì)， 而且對政治、 文化、 價值觀和生活方式都有重要影響。 Economy is not the only element involved in globalization since it also has an important bearin

23、g on politics, culture, value and way of life. 32. 如果一家跨國公司是原來的投資公司，它便稱為母公司，一般也是這家國際企業(yè)組織的總部。 If the MNC is the original investing corporation, it is known as the parent MNC, which is normally also the international headquarters of the MNE. 33. 除了總部以外，跨國企業(yè)組織也可能有不同的地區(qū)總部和業(yè)務(wù)總部。An MNE may also have vario

24、us regional and operational headquarters, in addition to international trade. 34. 一些跨國企業(yè)有許多年的歷史，它們的收入每年以兩位數(shù)的速度增長，扣除通貨膨脹因素比許 多國家的 GDP 增長還快。Some MNEs have a history of many years and their double digit growth rate of revenue adjusted for inflation is higher than that of the GDP of many countries. 35.

25、在當(dāng)今世界里， 跨國企業(yè)是一種可以跨越邊界轉(zhuǎn)移資源的非常重要的途徑。 our world today, the In multinational enterprises are very important vehicles for the transfer of resources across national boundaries. 36. 技術(shù)、資本和現(xiàn)成的市場是跨國企業(yè)帶給不發(fā)達(dá)國家的利益。Technology, capital and ready markets are sort of benefits MNEs bring to less developed host count

26、ries. LESSON 5 國際貿(mào)易INTERNATIONAL TRADE ()37. 在復(fù)雜的經(jīng)濟(jì)世界中，沒有一個國家可以完全自給自足。In the complex economic world, no country can be completely self-sufficient. 38. 隨著制造業(yè)和技術(shù)的發(fā)展， 出現(xiàn)了另一個刺激貿(mào)易的因素， 即國際專門化。 With the development of manufacture and technology, there arose another incentive for trade, i.e. international s

27、pecialization. 39. 按照比較利益學(xué)說， 兩個貿(mào)易伙伴均可從貿(mào)易中得到好處。 According to the theory of comparative advantage, both trade partners can benefit from trade. 40. 比較利益并不是一個靜止的概念，一個國家可以通過自己的行動發(fā)展某種特定的比較利益。 Comparative advantage is not a static concept. A country may develop a particular comparative advantage through it

28、s own action. 41. 比較利益理論已成為現(xiàn)代國際貿(mào)易思想的基石。The idea of comparative advantage has become the cornerstone of modern thinking on international trade. 42. 絕對利益學(xué)說和比較利益學(xué)說是國際專門化中的兩種理論。Absolute advantage and comparative advantage are two theories of international specialization. LESSON 6 國際貿(mào)易INTERNATIONAL TRADE

29、 ()43. 一件商品的成本會因生產(chǎn)規(guī)模擴(kuò)大而減少。The cost of a product will decrease with the expansion of production scale. 44. 在實(shí)際中，即使完全的專業(yè)化在經(jīng)濟(jì)上有利，也可能永遠(yuǎn)不會發(fā)生。In reality, complete specialization may never take place even though it is economically advantageous. 45. 配額或者說數(shù)量限制是最常見的關(guān)稅壁壘。 Quotas or quantitative restrictions ar

30、e the most common form of non-tariff barriers. 46. 有形貿(mào)易指貨物的進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易，而無形貿(mào)易涉及的是國家間的勞務(wù)交換。The visible trade is the important and export of goods, and the invisible trade is the exchange of services between countries. 47. 國家從事的貿(mào)易種類是多樣的、復(fù)雜的，往往是有形貿(mào)易和無形貿(mào)易的混合。The kinds of trade nations engage in are varied and

31、complex, often a mixture of visible and invisible trade. 48. 各國政府經(jīng)常采取的貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義措施也是貿(mào)易障礙，典型的例子是關(guān)稅和配額。Protectionist measures which are often taken by governments are also barriers to trade, and typical examples are tariffs and quotas. 49. “自愿”這個說法一般意味著進(jìn)口國已經(jīng)威脅在自愿合作不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的情況下將實(shí)行更大的限 制。 “voluntary” label gene

32、rally means that the importing country has threatened to impose even The worse restrictions if voluntary cooperation is not forthcoming. 50. 大保險公司為國際貿(mào)易提供保險服務(wù)，并通過為其他國家的外貿(mào)保險而收取費(fèi)用。Large insurance companies provide service for international trade and earn fees for insuring other nations foreign trade. 5

33、1. 許多國家可能有美麗的風(fēng)景，名勝古跡或只是溫和的充滿陽光的氣候，這些國家吸引著大批旅 游者。Many countries may have beautiful scenery, wonderful attractions, places of historical interest, or merely a mild and sunny climate. These countries attract large numbers of tourists. 52. 勞務(wù)輸出輸入可以是個人，或是由公司甚至國家組織。對一些國家來說，它正在成為一種重要 的無形貿(mào)易形式。Import and exp

34、ort of labor service may be undertaken by individuals, or organized by companies or even by states. And this is becoming an important an important kind of invisible trade for some countries. LESSON 7 國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則INCOTERMS 200053. 包裝需按運(yùn)輸?shù)囊筮M(jìn)行，在大多數(shù)情況下，賣方明確知道把貨物安全地運(yùn)到目的地所需要的包裝。 Packing should be made acco

35、rding to the requirement of transportation. In most cases, the seller knows clearly the particular type of packing required for transporting the goods safely to destination. 54. 在許多情況下，應(yīng)通知買方在賣方將貨物啟運(yùn)之時或之前安排驗(yàn)貨。除非合同另有規(guī)定，否則 買方必須支付為其自身利益而安排的驗(yàn)貨費(fèi)用。In many cases, the buyer shall be notified to go through th

36、e inspection of goods at or before the time of shipment. Unless otherwise specified, the buyer is supposed to undertake the charges of inspection thus incurred for his own sake. 55. 進(jìn)口商可以通過可轉(zhuǎn)讓的運(yùn)輸單據(jù)將貨物在運(yùn)輸途中賣給新的買方，這類可轉(zhuǎn)讓單據(jù)用起來非 常方便。The importer can sell the goods to a new buyer while they are being carr

37、ied by means of negotiable shipping documents which are very convenient for use. 56. 在所有條款中，買賣雙方各自的義務(wù)排列在 10 項(xiàng)標(biāo)題下。Under all terms, the respective obligations of the buyer and the seller are grouped under 10 headings. 57. 2000 年對國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則的修改考慮了無關(guān)稅區(qū)的發(fā)展，商務(wù)活動中電子通訊使用的增 加， 以及運(yùn)輸方式的變化。 The 2000 revision of

38、Incoterms took account of the spread of customs-free zones, the increased use of electronic communication, and the changes in transport practices. LESSON 8 商業(yè)合同THE BUSINESS CONTRACT58. 合同依法實(shí)施，未能履行合同義務(wù)的一方可能受到起訴，并被強(qiáng)制作出賠償。A contract is enforceable by law, and the party that fails to fulfill his contrac

39、tual obligations may be sued and forced to make compensation. 59. 口頭業(yè)務(wù)協(xié)商指的是面對面的直接談判或通過國際長途電話進(jìn)行的商談 。 Oral business negotiations refer to face-to-face discussions or those conducted through international trunk calls. 60. 買方發(fā)出的詢盤是為了獲得擬定購商品的有關(guān)信息，它對發(fā)出詢盤的人無約束力。Enquiries made by the buyer are to get inform

40、ation about the goods to be ordered, and are not binding on the inquirer. 61. 有效期對于確盤是必不可少的。在規(guī)定的時間之前，或在被對方接受或拒絕之前確盤一直是有 效的。The validity period is indispensable to a firm offer, that remains valid until a stipulated time or until it is accepted or rejected. 62. 還盤是對發(fā)盤的拒絕， 一旦做出還盤，原報盤即失效而失去約束力。 A count

41、er-offer is a refusal of A the offer which will be invalid and unbinding once a counter-offer is made. 63. 合同是在雙方所達(dá)成的協(xié)議的基礎(chǔ)上制定的， 而協(xié)議又是雙方進(jìn)行商務(wù)談判的結(jié)果。 Contract The is based on agreement, which is the result of business negotiations. 64. 答復(fù)詢盤時，出口商可以寄去一個報價單，其中應(yīng)包括詢盤中所要求的所有必要的信息。In response to an enquiry, a

42、quotation may be sent by the exporter which should include all the necessary information required by the enquiry. 65. 收到發(fā)盤的人可能發(fā)現(xiàn)該盤的一部分不能接受，并可能提出他自己的建議供進(jìn)一步討論，這就 構(gòu)成了一個還盤。The offeree may find part of the offer unacceptable and may raise for further discussions his own proposals which constitute a count

43、er offer. 66. 不管業(yè)務(wù)協(xié)商是以書面還是口頭進(jìn)行， 一旦發(fā)盤或還盤被接受， 便認(rèn)為是達(dá)成了交易。 No matter whether business negotiation is conducted orally or by way of writing, transaction is considered concluded once an offer or a counter-offer is accepted. 67. 合同的構(gòu)成同貿(mào)易協(xié)定或任何其他種類的正式協(xié)定類似。The setting up of a contract is similar to that of a

44、trade agreement or any other type of formal agreements. LESSON 9 貿(mào)易方式MODES OF TRADE68. 對銷貿(mào)易一般是與有關(guān)國家的政策目標(biāo)相互聯(lián)系的，如應(yīng)對外匯短缺和擴(kuò)大出口之類的問題。 The counter trade is generally associated with policy objectives of relevant countries like dealing with foreign exchange and promotion of exports. 69. 實(shí)質(zhì)上，反向貿(mào)易指的是各種貨物和服務(wù)的

45、直接交換。In essence, counter trade refers to the direct exchange of assorted kinds of goods and services. 70. 回購貿(mào)易和互購貿(mào)易之間另一個重要的區(qū)別在于回購貿(mào)易一般比互購貿(mào)易要延續(xù)更長一段時 間。Another important difference is that a buyback deal usually stretches over a longer period of time than a counter purchase deal. 71. 在正常的市場交易中， 由于使用貨幣及

46、市場手段， 貨物的買與賣是分別進(jìn)行的。 In normal market In transactions buying and selling of goods are unbundled, because of the use of money and the market. 72. 盡管有很多好處，反向貿(mào)易可能是風(fēng)險很大的事。Despite all its advantages, counter trade can be very risky business. 在其他貿(mào)易方式中還有加工貿(mào)易、寄售、租賃貿(mào)易、代理等。Among other modes of trade are proces

47、sing trade, consign-ment, leasing trade, agency etc.LESSON 10 國際支付INTERNATIONAL PAYMENT73. 在國際貿(mào)易中進(jìn)出口雙方都面臨著風(fēng)險，因?yàn)榭偞嬖趯Ψ讲宦募s的可能。In international trade, both the exporter and importer face risks as there is always the possibility that the other party may fail to fulfill the contract. 74. 為處理國際貿(mào)易中的不同形勢，各種支

48、付方法便發(fā)展了起來。Various methods of payment have been developed to cope with different situations in international trade. 75. 許多國際交易是通過匯票支付的，匯票是對銀行或顧客的支付命令。A lot of international transactions are paid for by means of the draft, which is an order to a bank or a customer to pay. 76. 即期付款交單要求進(jìn)口商立即付款以取得單據(jù)。Docu

49、ments against payment at sight requires immediate payment by the importer to get hold of the documents. 77. 就出口商而言，即期付款交單比遠(yuǎn)期付款交單有利，付款交單比承兌交單有利。So far as the exporters interest is concerned DP at sight is more favorable than DP after sight, and DP is more favorable than DA. 78. 信用證的目的是通過銀行信譽(yù)為國際支付提供便利

50、。The objective of an L/C is to facilitate international payment by means of the creditworthiness of the bank. 79. 只有在符合信用證所規(guī)定條款的情況下，才保證向受益人付款。The letter of credit only assures payment to the beneficiary provided the terms and conditions of the credit are fulfilled. 80. 只要所有單據(jù)都符合信用證的規(guī)定，便認(rèn)為銀行履行了職責(zé)。The

51、 banks will be considered as having fulfilled their responsibility so long as all documents comply with the stipulations of the credit. 81. 信 用 證 獨(dú) 特 而 具 有 代 表 性 的 特 征 就 是 對 買 賣 雙 方 所 提 供 的 雙 邊 保 證 。 The unique and characteristic feature of the letter of credit is the bilateral security offered to b

52、oth the seller and the buyer. 82. 受益人如果發(fā)現(xiàn)信用證中有任何與合同不符之處，便要求開證人進(jìn)行修改，以便能保證安全及 時地收到貨款。The beneficiary will request the opener to make amendments to any discrepancies in the credit so as to ensure safe and timely payment. LESSON 11 信用證THE LETTER OF CREDIT()83. 在國際貿(mào)易中幾乎不可能使付款和實(shí)際交貨同時進(jìn)行。 In international t

53、rade it is almost impossible In to match payment with the physical delivery of the goods. 84. 信用證付款方式對買賣雙方都提供保障。The method of payment by the letter of credit offers security to both the seller and the buyer. 85. 現(xiàn)代信用證在 19 世紀(jì)后半葉開始采用， 第一次世界大戰(zhàn)后得到了實(shí)質(zhì)性的發(fā)展。 Modern credits were introduced in the second hal

54、f of the 19th century and had substantial development after the First World War. 86. 要么因?yàn)樾庞米C金額過大，要么因?yàn)閷﹂_證行不完全信任，出口商有時可能需要保兌的信用證。 Either because the credit amount is too large, or because he does not fully trust the opening bank, the exporter may sometimes require a confirmed letter of credit. 87. 信用證

55、的形式、 長短、 語言和規(guī)定各不相同。 Letters of credit are varied in form, length, language and stipulations. 88. 雖然保兌信用證能夠給受益人提供最大的付款保證，但它卻因保兌而增加了費(fèi)用。Although a confirmed credit is able to provide the greatest degree of security to the beneficiary, it involves 4 additional cost as a result of the confirmation. 89. 即

56、期信用證給予受益人最好的付款保障，并有助于他加快資金周轉(zhuǎn)。只要受益人向銀行提示匯 票和準(zhǔn)確無誤的單據(jù)， 銀行便立即付款。 Sight credit gives the beneficiary better security and helps A him speed up his capital turnover. The bank will make payment provided that the beneficiary presents the draft and impeccable documents to it. 90. 如果信用證上沒有明確規(guī)定是否可以轉(zhuǎn)讓，根據(jù)信用證的規(guī)定，應(yīng)

57、視為不可轉(zhuǎn)讓信用證。If a credit does not specify whether it is transferable, it should be regarded as a non-transferable credit according to the credit stipulations. 91. 循環(huán)信用證規(guī)定，其金額用過后，在未對其進(jìn)行特定修改的情況下，即可重新恢復(fù)到原金額。 Revolving credit stipulates that its amount can be renewed or reinstated without specific amendment to the credit being made. 92. 信用證極大地方便并促進(jìn)了國際貿(mào)易，然而它并不能給締約雙方提供絕對的安全。The letter of credit has greatly facilitated and promoted international trade. However, it cannot provid