英語(yǔ)必修ⅲ人教新課標(biāo)同步知識(shí)點(diǎn)學(xué)練考--名詞性從句

1、名詞性從句名詞性從句23名詞性從句定義：在復(fù)合句中起名詞作用的從句叫做名詞性從句。名詞性從句主語(yǔ)從句 表語(yǔ)從句 賓語(yǔ)從句 同位語(yǔ)從句 【教法法探析教法法探析】4名詞性從句概述：引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞名詞性從句概述：引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞連接代詞連接代詞 who, whom, whose, which, what, whatever連接副詞連接副詞 how, why, when, where however, wherever連接詞連接詞that, whether, if, becauseas if /as though（不充當(dāng)從句的任何成分） 5在名詞性從句中一律用陳述句的語(yǔ)序，即使從句表達(dá)的

2、是疑問(wèn)含義。 The problem is what he has done to the little boy. 問(wèn)題是他對(duì)那個(gè)小男孩做了些什么。 61. 主語(yǔ)從句在句中作主語(yǔ)的句子叫主語(yǔ)從句。 主語(yǔ)從句通常由從屬連詞that，whether 和連接代詞what, who, which, whatever, whoever以及連接副詞how,when,where, why等詞引導(dǎo)。7that在從句中無(wú)詞義，只起連接作用；連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問(wèn)含義、又起連接作用，在從句中充當(dāng)成分。 What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我們說(shuō)什么

3、，還不清楚。8Who will win the match is still unknown. Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. That he stole a bike was true. 9有時(shí)為避免句子頭重腳輕，常用it 代替主語(yǔ)從句作形式主語(yǔ)放于句首，而把主語(yǔ)從句置于句末。主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。常用句型如下：1）It + be + 名詞 + that 從句2）It + be + 形容詞 + that從句103）It + be + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 + that從句4）It + 不及

4、物動(dòng)詞 + that 從句It is known to us how he became a writer. 我們都知道他是如何成為一名作家的。11It is a pity that its a shame that Its no wonder thatIt is suggested thatIts requested thatIts proposed that, Its desired that12注意:在主語(yǔ)從句中用來(lái)表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等語(yǔ)氣時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣 “(should) +do”，常用的句型有：It is necessary Its important, It

5、s naturalstrange, etc.) that 132. 賓語(yǔ)從句名詞句用作賓語(yǔ)的從句叫賓語(yǔ)從句。 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣，在句中可以作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或介詞及非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)。141)由連接詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句由連接詞that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，that在句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，在口語(yǔ)或非正式的文體中常被省去，但如從句是并列句時(shí),第二個(gè)分句前的that不可省。 He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 15We must never think (that) we are good in eve

6、rything while others are good in nothing. 16注意:在demand, order, suggest, advise, decide, insist, desire, request, command等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動(dòng)詞后，賓語(yǔ)從句常用 “should+ 動(dòng)詞原形”。 I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 17The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 但是, 如果suggest作“表明、暗示”講, ins

7、ist作“堅(jiān)持說(shuō)、堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”講，則其后的賓語(yǔ)從句中應(yīng)該用陳述語(yǔ)氣。 The smile on his face suggested that he had passed the examination. 182)用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句相當(dāng)于特殊疑問(wèn)句，應(yīng)注意句子語(yǔ)序要用陳述語(yǔ)序。 19I want to know what he has told you. She always thinks of how she can work

8、well. She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 203)用whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)句whether和if均可引導(dǎo)動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句，?？苫Q。但從句中有or not時(shí)或介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中只能用whether連接。其它名詞性從句，如：主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句只用whether. 21Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. The question is whether she should have a low opinion of the

9、test.22Everything depends on whether we have enough money. I dont care about whether you have money or not. 介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句一般不用which和if引導(dǎo)，要用whether和what。that也很少引導(dǎo)介詞賓語(yǔ)從句，只在except, but, besides等之后才用。 23I wonder whether he will come or not. Can you tell me whether to go or to stay? 244)如果賓語(yǔ)從句后還有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，則必須用it作形

10、式賓語(yǔ)，而將賓語(yǔ)從句后置，并且that不能省略。 He has made it clear that he will not give in. 25doubt用于肯定結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，后面用whether/ if 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句；用于否定結(jié)構(gòu)或疑問(wèn)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，后面用 that 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。be sure 用于肯定句或疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，后接 that 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句；用于否定句時(shí)，后接whether/if 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。 26We doubt whether/ if he can win the game. I dont doubt that he will win the game. 27連接代詞whoe

11、ver，whatever，whichever可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，相當(dāng)于anyone who, anything that等。它們也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，相當(dāng)于 no matter who/ what/ which。 Whoever breaks the law should be punished. 283. 表語(yǔ)從句在句中作表語(yǔ)的句子叫表語(yǔ)從句。 引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣，表語(yǔ)從句位于連系動(dòng)詞后，有時(shí)用as if, because 引導(dǎo)。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為： 主語(yǔ) + 系動(dòng)詞 + that從句 29The fact is that we have lost the game

12、. Thats just what I want. This is where our problem lies. That is why he didnt come to the meeting. 30It looks as if it is going to rain，This is because he missed the train by one minute.需要注意的是，當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是reason 時(shí)，表語(yǔ)從句要用that引導(dǎo)而不是because。 The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute

13、 this morning. 314. 同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明其前面的名詞的具體內(nèi)容。 同位語(yǔ)從句一般跟在某些表示抽象概念 的名詞后,如 news, idea, information, fact, hope,thought, belief 等，用來(lái)說(shuō)明名詞所表示的具體內(nèi)容， 32引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的連接詞通常有that, whether和連接副詞when, where, why, how；連接代詞who，what，whose，which通常不引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。 I have no idea when she will be back. 33The news that we won the gam

14、e is exciting. The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 34【學(xué)法引導(dǎo)學(xué)法引導(dǎo)】在復(fù)合句中起名詞作用的從句叫做名詞性從句。它包括主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。名詞性從句是中學(xué)階段的一個(gè)重要語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目，35在歷年的高考中幾乎都涉及到，并且每年的命題各有變化。分析歷屆高考試題名詞性從句考查的焦點(diǎn)主要有以下六個(gè)方面1. 考查名詞性從句的語(yǔ)序問(wèn)題 2. 考查引導(dǎo)詞that與what的區(qū)別3. 考查it在名詞性從句中作形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)的用法 4. 考查whether與if的區(qū)別5. 考查名詞性從句中的

15、疑問(wèn)詞+ever引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句與no matter+疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別 6. 考查名詞性從句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣問(wèn)題36 主語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)從句中的“主謂一致主謂一致”：1.主語(yǔ)從句通常被看作一個(gè)整體主語(yǔ)從句通常被看作一個(gè)整體,主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式用單數(shù)形式.That they will come _certain.2. What 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí),主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由表語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)決定復(fù)數(shù)由表語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)決定.What he wants _these books.What he wants _some water.注意注意isareis37單個(gè)的主語(yǔ)

16、從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如果是兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的主語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 When and where he was born has not been found. When the person was murdered and why he was murdered are still unknown. 38 賓語(yǔ)從句中的賓語(yǔ)從句中的“時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)”與與“否定轉(zhuǎn)移否定轉(zhuǎn)移” 若主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為若主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的賓語(yǔ)從句若含等，其后

17、的賓語(yǔ)從句若含有否定意義，一般要把否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語(yǔ)上，從句有否定意義，一般要把否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語(yǔ)上，從句謂語(yǔ)用肯定式。例如：謂語(yǔ)用肯定式。例如：He told me that he _ his job. (已經(jīng)完成了工作已經(jīng)完成了工作)時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)否定轉(zhuǎn)移否定轉(zhuǎn)移我認(rèn)為他不會(huì)來(lái)這里我認(rèn)為他不會(huì)來(lái)這里.I think he wont come here. ( )I dont think he will come here. ( )had finished39賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)受主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的影響，如果主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以用各種時(shí)態(tài)； I know that

18、 he studies English every day. 40I know (that) he will study English next year.We all know that he has studied English since 1998. I know that he studied English last term. 41如果主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用了一般過(guò)去時(shí)，則從句中的語(yǔ)動(dòng)只能用過(guò)去時(shí)的某種形式，如一般過(guò)去時(shí)，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)等； We believed that he had earned enough money to build a house. 42The

19、 teacher told us that Tom had left us for America 當(dāng)從句表示的是客觀真理，科學(xué)原理，自然現(xiàn)象，則從句仍用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。 The teacher told us that the sun rises in the east.43當(dāng)主句是I/ We think (suppose, expect, believe, guess, imagine) 時(shí)，其后的賓語(yǔ)從句如果是否定形式，常把否定詞not從從句中轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中成為否定的轉(zhuǎn)移。 We dont believe that he will win the game. I dont think he wi

20、ll do so. 44同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別： that作為關(guān)系代詞，可以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，充當(dāng)句子成分，在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略； that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，起連詞的作用，沒(méi)有實(shí)際意義，不充當(dāng)句子成分，一般不能省略。 45I had no idea that you were here.Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？(that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句,不能省略）(that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，作賓語(yǔ)，可以省略）46【模擬練習(xí)模擬練習(xí)】1.The question is _the film is

21、 worth seeing. A. if B. what C. whether D. how 2.They received orders _ the work be done at once.A .which B. when C. / D .that 3.The reason _ I have to go is _ my mother is ill in bed.A .why; why B. why; because C. why ; that D. that; because471._ I cant understand is why he has changed his mind.2._ the earth is round is known to us all.3. _ he won the race was _ we expected.that:what: _只起連接作用，在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，只起連接作用，在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，沒(méi)有詞義沒(méi)有詞義_起連接作用，且在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，起連接作用，且在從