book 8 unit 3Learning about Language

1、高二人教新課標(biāo)版選修八高二人教新課標(biāo)版選修八Unit 3 Inventors and inventionsLearning about Language Discovering useful words and expressions EXAMPLE: n. adj. convenience convenient; independence independent In groups make word pairs with the same suffix. Add more of your own. n.adj.cubebasefancymercystaincarecautionpoisio

2、ncubicbasicfancifulmercifulstainlesscarelesscautiouspoisonousv.n.expectrelaxproducereduceidentifysatisfyexpectationrelaxationproductionreductionidentificationsatisfactionadj.v.stronglongfreezingdisappointingstrengthenlengthenfreezedisappoint2 Replace the underlined parts with words that have the sam

3、e meaning. Rewrite the sentence when necessary. 1. The greengrocer at the corner is probably the easiest and nearest to reach.2. If you want to apply for a credit card, you must provide officially acceptable identification. most convenientvalid3. You need to approach that animal with great care as i

4、t may bite. 4. She accepts everything during meetings and does not contribute to discussions at all. 5. I found his phone number in the directory and tried to telephone him last night, but there was no reply. Later I found I dialed the wrong number. cautionis passivecall/ring him up6. I dont think o

5、f my hometown very much, only sometimes.7. Luckily the rainfall stopped suddenly before I left. 8. In a courtroom it is sometimes difficult to recognize who is innocent and who is guilty.now and thenabruptlydistinguish3 Complete the passage using the correct form of the words or phrase below. file a

6、bruptly valid product seize perfume criterion set about When I first applied for a patent I was very puzzled by the _. I had produced a new type of lily. I was amazed when my application was _ refused. The patent officer dealing with my _ explained to me that a new plant variety is not a _ invention

7、 as it is a result of adjusting growth scientifically. criteriaabruptlyfilevalidHowever, she suggested that I should produce a _ from my new lily. With her encouragement, I decided to _ the opportunity to make a real invention, so I _ my studies on developing my _, for which I hope I will succeed in

8、 applying for a patent. set about seizeperfumeproductKeys in P65Workbook amusing amused confusing confused surprised surprising inspired inspiring shocking shocked Keys to exercise 2 on p 65confused confusing shocked shocking surprised surprising amusing amused disappointing disappointed inspiring i

9、nspired Grammar動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ed形式作形式作定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ed形式作形式作表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ed形式作形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)過去分詞作定語(yǔ)往往與被修飾的詞靠得很緊過去分詞作定語(yǔ)往往與被修飾的詞靠得很緊, 漸漸地成為一個(gè)復(fù)合詞。這種分詞叫分詞形容漸漸地成為一個(gè)復(fù)合詞。這種分詞叫分詞形容詞詞 (the Participle Adjective), 實(shí)際上相當(dāng)于實(shí)際上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)單純的形容詞一個(gè)單純的形容詞, 除表示除表示“完成完成”的動(dòng)作之外的動(dòng)作之外, 還表示還表示“被動(dòng)被動(dòng)”的意義。如：的意義。如：一、動(dòng)詞一、動(dòng)詞-ed形式作定語(yǔ)形式作定語(yǔ) spoken English 英語(yǔ)

10、口語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)iced beer 冰凍啤酒冰凍啤酒cooked food 熟食熟食 fried chips 炸土豆條炸土豆條但要注意但要注意不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞常表示不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞常表示“完成完成”的動(dòng)作的動(dòng)作, 而不表示而不表示“被動(dòng)被動(dòng)”意義。如意義。如: boiled water (開水開水); fallen leaves (落葉落葉) the risen sun (升起的太陽(yáng)升起的太陽(yáng))等。等。 The tall man is a returned student 高個(gè)子的那個(gè)人是個(gè)歸國(guó)留學(xué)生。高個(gè)子的那個(gè)人是個(gè)歸國(guó)留學(xué)生。 My parents are both retired

11、teachers 我的父母都是退休教師。我的父母都是退休教師。 (1) 前置定語(yǔ)前置定語(yǔ)單個(gè)的動(dòng)詞單個(gè)的動(dòng)詞-ed形式形式, 一般放在被修飾一般放在被修飾的名詞的前面的名詞的前面, 作前置定語(yǔ)。作前置定語(yǔ)。The excited people rushed into building.激動(dòng)的人們沖進(jìn)大樓。激動(dòng)的人們沖進(jìn)大樓。(=the people who were excited)Lost time can never be found again.虛度的時(shí)光虛度的時(shí)光, , 無(wú)法挽回。無(wú)法挽回。(=time which is lost) e.g. The books left are fo

12、r my students (2) 后置定語(yǔ)后置定語(yǔ)少數(shù)單個(gè)動(dòng)詞的少數(shù)單個(gè)動(dòng)詞的-ed形式形式, 如如left等等, 只能只能 作后置定語(yǔ)。作后置定語(yǔ)。剩下的書是給我的學(xué)生的。剩下的書是給我的學(xué)生的。 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ed形式短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)形式短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí), 通常要放在通常要放在 被修飾的名詞的后面被修飾的名詞的后面, 在意思上相當(dāng)于在意思上相當(dāng)于 一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。Is there anything planned for tonight?(= that has been planned for tonight)今晚有什么活動(dòng)嗎今晚有什么活動(dòng)嗎? ?The meeting, attende

13、d by a lot of people,was a success這次會(huì)議有很多人出席，開得很成功。這次會(huì)議有很多人出席，開得很成功。 (=which was attended by a lot of people) 高考鏈接高考鏈接 Most of the artists _ to the party were from South Africa. (MET 90) A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited 2) The first text books _ for teaching English as a

14、foreign language came out in the 16th century. (NMET 94) A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. writtenA D 3) The Olympic games, _ in 776 BC, didnt include women players until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be first playing4) Prices of daily foods

15、_ through a computer can be lower than prices in stores. (2002年全國(guó)春）年全國(guó)春） A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buyingC B 5) Mr. Smith, _ of the speech, started to read a _ novel. (2003 北京春北京春) A. tired, boring B. tiring, bored C. tired, bored D. tiring, boringA 過去分詞作表語(yǔ)并無(wú)過去分詞作表語(yǔ)并無(wú)“完成完成”或或“被動(dòng)被動(dòng)”之意

16、之意, , 而是表示主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)或思想感情等。而是表示主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)或思想感情等。如：如： He looked worried after reading the letter看完信后，他顯得很憂慮?？赐晷藕?，他顯得很憂慮。When we heard of it, we were deeply moved當(dāng)我們聽到這件事時(shí)，被深深地感動(dòng)了。當(dāng)我們聽到這件事時(shí)，被深深地感動(dòng)了。He seemed quite delighted at the idea 聽到這個(gè)想法，他似乎很高興。聽到這個(gè)想法，他似乎很高興。 二、動(dòng)詞二、動(dòng)詞-ed形式作表語(yǔ)形式作表語(yǔ) I was very pleased at the

17、 news 聽了這消息我很高興。聽了這消息我很高興。 He grew much tired of the work 他十分厭倦這工作。他十分厭倦這工作。 He seemed quite delighted at the idea. 聽了這想法他似乎很高興。聽了這想法他似乎很高興。 作表語(yǔ)的作表語(yǔ)的-ed形式可被形式可被much, very, quite等所修飾。等所修飾。 Cleaning women in big cities usually get _ by the hour. (NMET98) A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay2) As we join

18、ed the big crowd I got _ from my friends. (NEMT 2001) A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed高考鏈接高考鏈接C C 3) The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _ as the plane was making a landing. (2004 上海上海) A. seat B. seating C. seated D. to be seating C 三、動(dòng)詞三、動(dòng)詞-ed形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 能用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的過去分

19、詞一般都是能用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的過去分詞一般都是及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞, ,表示被動(dòng)意義或已完成意義表示被動(dòng)意義或已完成意義, ,有時(shí)候兩者兼而有之。作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的有時(shí)候兩者兼而有之。作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的過去分詞與賓語(yǔ)有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系過去分詞與賓語(yǔ)有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系, ,即賓語(yǔ)是過去分詞動(dòng)作的對(duì)象。即賓語(yǔ)是過去分詞動(dòng)作的對(duì)象。She found the door broken in when she came back她回來時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)有人破門而人。她回來時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)有人破門而人。My grandfather had his old house rebuilt我爺爺找人重修了一下他的舊房子。我爺爺找人重修了一下他的舊房

20、子。動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ed形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的基本用法形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的基本用法 動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞的-ed形式可以在形式可以在“主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”句型中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。在句型中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中這一結(jié)構(gòu)中, 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ed形式和它前面的賓語(yǔ)形式和它前面的賓語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系。如果這種句子改構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系。如果這種句子改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài), 原來的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)變成了主語(yǔ)原來的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)變成了主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。People found the girl beaten black and blue.人們發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)女孩被打得青一塊紫一塊。人們發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)女孩被打得青一

21、塊紫一塊。( (賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)) )The girl was found beaten black and blue( (主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)) ) (1)(1)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ed形式可作表示感覺和心理狀態(tài)的形式可作表示感覺和心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ), ,這類動(dòng)詞包括這類動(dòng)詞包括see, hear, watch, notice, feel, find, think, suppose, consider等等。We thought the game lost我們認(rèn)為球賽輸了。我們認(rèn)為球賽輸了。I have never heard him spoken ill of others

22、.我從未聽過有人說他的壞話。我從未聽過有人說他的壞話。She felt a great weight taken off her mind 她覺得心里輕松了些。她覺得心里輕松了些。They considered the matter settled他們認(rèn)為這問題解決了。他們認(rèn)為這問題解決了。I have my hair cut once a month我每個(gè)月理一次發(fā)。我每個(gè)月理一次發(fā)。He was trying to make himselfunderstood他正努力使別人聽懂自己。他正努力使別人聽懂自己。She held her hands pressed against her fac

23、e.她用雙手按著臉。她用雙手按著臉。(2) 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ed形式可作使役動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)形式可作使役動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ), 這類動(dòng)詞包括這類動(dòng)詞包括make, get, have, keep, leave, hold等。等。She had her house repaired她請(qǐng)人把屋子修好了。她請(qǐng)人把屋子修好了。Where did you have your hair cut?你在哪兒理的發(fā)你在哪兒理的發(fā)? “have+賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)+done”結(jié)構(gòu)有三個(gè)含義：結(jié)構(gòu)有三個(gè)含義： ( (請(qǐng)人請(qǐng)人) )把某事做完。把某事做完。He had his hat blown away on his wayhome在

24、回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了。在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了。She had her wallet stolen yesterday.昨天她的錢包被偷了。昨天她的錢包被偷了。 遭遇某種意外情況。遭遇某種意外情況。I have had all my spelling mistakesCorrected.我把所有的拼寫錯(cuò)誤都改正了。我把所有的拼寫錯(cuò)誤都改正了。He has had one thousand yuan saved this year.他今年已存了他今年已存了1000元。元。 完成某事完成某事 ( (自己也可能參與自己也可能參與) )。(3) 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ed形式可作表示希望、要求、形式可作

25、表示希望、要求、 命令等動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)命令等動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ), 這類動(dòng)詞這類動(dòng)詞 包括包括like, want, wish, expect, order等等He wont like such questions discussed at the meeting他不喜歡在會(huì)議上討論這樣的問題。他不喜歡在會(huì)議上討論這樣的問題。The students wish the soap opera continued學(xué)生們希望電視連續(xù)劇繼續(xù)播下去。學(xué)生們希望電視連續(xù)劇繼續(xù)播下去。The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back.小偷

26、被帶進(jìn)來了小偷被帶進(jìn)來了, , 雙手被反綁在后面。雙手被反綁在后面。(4) 過去分詞用在過去分詞用在“with+賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ)”這這一結(jié)構(gòu)中一結(jié)構(gòu)中, 過去分詞與賓語(yǔ)之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)過去分詞與賓語(yǔ)之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。系。 You can make yourself _ in English pretty well if you keep on speaking the language. A. understand B. understanding C. to understand D. understood2. - There is a hole in your bag. - I know. I

27、m going to have it _. A. mend B. mending C. mended D. to be mended Practice D C 3. -How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? -The key _ the problem is to meet the demand _ by the customers. A. to solving; making B. to solving; made C. to solve; making D. to solve; madeB 4. English is a language _ all around the world and is the _ language of most international organizations. A. to speak, working B. spoken, working C. speaking, worked D. spoken, workedB 5. He found a magazine _ with the o