2016高考英語(yǔ)備考策略主謂一致的講解與訓(xùn)練

1、1主謂一致的講解與訓(xùn)練語(yǔ)法主謂一致知識(shí)要點(diǎn)1、主謂一致的基本原則：語(yǔ)法一致原則，意義一致原則，就近原則。2、各原則具體概述：1）語(yǔ)法一致原則：指主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用單數(shù)形式；主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。2 ）意義一致原則：指主語(yǔ)形式上是單數(shù)，但表達(dá)復(fù)數(shù)意義，那么謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也要用復(fù)數(shù)形式；或主語(yǔ)形式上 是復(fù)數(shù)形式，但卻表達(dá)單數(shù)意義，那么謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。例如：（1） My family were watching TV at 7 o clock.我家里人在七點(diǎn)鐘的時(shí)候正在看電視。（2） My family has moved three times .我的家已經(jīng)搬了三次。3）就近

2、原則：指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)由最靠近它的主語(yǔ)來(lái)決定。例如：（1）There is a man,two women and three children in the room.在這房間里有一個(gè)男人，兩個(gè)女人和三個(gè)小孩。（2）There are two women ,a man and three children in the room .在這房間里有兩個(gè)女人，一個(gè)男人和三個(gè)小孩。疑難突破1、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)的情況：1 ）可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)及不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)。例如：（1）The bread tastes delicious.（2）The book was bought by my f

3、ather.2）more than one + 單數(shù)名詞 做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如：（1）More than one books on the desk was written by the teacher.（2）More than one student agrees to the plan.3） a/an+單名+or two 大多用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)；One or two+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：（1）One or two persons are sent there to help them do the work.要派一兩個(gè)人到那兒去給他們幫忙。（2）A mach ine

4、or two was made in that factory.有一兩臺(tái)機(jī)器是在那個(gè)工廠生產(chǎn)的。4）many a +單數(shù)名詞 做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如：（1） Many a stude nt has bee n sent to pla nt trees.很多學(xué)生被派去植樹(shù)。|（2） Many a teacher has been to Lon do n.許多老師去過(guò)倫敦。5） 某些以 s 結(jié)尾的單數(shù)名詞，如：news, works, physics 等，以及書(shū)名、戲劇名、報(bào)紙及國(guó)家名稱做主語(yǔ) 時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。例如：（1）The news comes that our class has w

5、on the first prize for the basket-ball match.（2）Physics is difficult to lear n for us.6） 主語(yǔ)從句，動(dòng)詞不定式，動(dòng)詞-ing 形式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用單數(shù)。例如：（1） What she said was true.她的話是真的。（2） Seei ng is believi ng.眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。27） 如果 and 連接的兩個(gè)詞是指同一個(gè)人，同一事物或同一概念，這時(shí)兩名詞雖然由and 連接，但只有3個(gè)限定詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)。例如：（ 1 ） The teacher and writer is her fri

6、end.這個(gè)既是教師又是作家的人是她的朋友。（ 2 ） My friend and lawyer has caught a bad cold.我的律師，也就是我的朋友，得了重感冒。8）兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞用 and 連接表示不可分的整體做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。例如：Bread and butter is their daily food .面包和黃油是他們的日常食物。這類常見(jiàn)詞有： war and peace 戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)與和平 ， iron and steel 鋼鐵， truth and honesty 真誠(chéng)， a watch and chain 一塊帶鏈的表， a knife and fork一副刀叉， a

7、 peasant and writer一個(gè)農(nóng)民作家9）不定代詞 anybody,anyone ,anything,somebody,someone,something,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody, no one, nothing等做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如：用單數(shù)。例如：（ 1 ） Much of what you said is true.你所說(shuō)的許多話是真的（ 2 ） Each of the books costs fiveyuan. 每本書(shū)售價(jià) 5 元。11）表示“時(shí)間” “距離”“價(jià)格”“度量衡”的復(fù)數(shù)名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如

8、：（ 1 ） Ten miles is too long .10公里路太遠(yuǎn)了?。?2 ） Four hours is enough to do your homework .412）運(yùn)算數(shù)次做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用單數(shù)。例如：X5=15復(fù)數(shù)名詞”做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如： 一個(gè)半小時(shí)足夠了。14）在 eachand each ,every and every ,no and no ,many a andmany a 等由 and 連接并列單數(shù)主語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用單數(shù)。例如：1 ） Each boy and each girl has got a seat.每個(gè)男孩和女孩都用一個(gè)女孩。

9、（2） Every man and every woman is at work . 每個(gè)男人和女人都在工作。（ 3） No sound and no voice is heard for a long while.很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間沒(méi)聽(tīng)到一點(diǎn)兒聲音了。2、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)的情況：1 ）表示總稱意義的名詞 people, police, cattle, crew, clothes, public等做主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如 :People are talking about the news.人們正在談?wù)撃菞l消息。2） 由兩部分構(gòu)成的物體，如;shoes ,trousers, gloves ,glass

10、es ,scissors等復(fù)合名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：My shoes are under the bed. 我的鞋在床下。3） 兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞（人或物）用 and 或 bothand 連接，做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)，但要注意，前后兩名詞的 前面都必須無(wú)冠詞。例如：Both rice and wheat are grown in this place .這個(gè)地方種植水稻和小麥。4） one or two + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：（ 1） Anybody that breaks the rules is to be punished.（ 2） Something stra

11、nge often happens in the street.10） each ,either, neither, another, the other,（a） little,任何違反規(guī)則的人將會(huì)受到懲罰。那街上常常發(fā)生奇怪的事情?；?much 做主語(yǔ)或修飾主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞個(gè)小時(shí)做家庭作業(yè)夠了。（ 1 ） Three times five is fifteen.3（ 2 ） Five minus four is one .5-4=113）表示數(shù)量的“ one and a half +One and a half hours is enough .4One or two students we

12、re planting trees yesterday afternoon.昨天下午有一兩個(gè)學(xué)生在種樹(shù)。5） 兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的主語(yǔ)從句，動(dòng)詞不定式，動(dòng)詞-ing 形式作主語(yǔ)，表示兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的概念或意義時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：Swimming in summer and skating in winter are his greatest pleasere. 夏天游泳，冬天滑冰是他最大的樂(lè)趣。6） what 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，當(dāng)它表示復(fù)數(shù)意義時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：What the boy wanted are some books . 這個(gè)男孩想要的只是幾本書(shū)。7）由“ quanti

13、ties/amounts of + 名詞”構(gòu)成主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：Large quantities of food were wasted. 大量的食物被浪費(fèi)掉了。8）時(shí)間，距離，價(jià)格，度量衡的復(fù)數(shù)名詞等表示若干個(gè)個(gè)別單位與 pass, go by ,waste, use, spend等詞連用時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：Five years have passed since I joined the Party . 我入黨 5 年了。3、由具體情況來(lái)判斷單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)的情況：1）兩個(gè)形容詞共同修飾一個(gè)單數(shù)名詞，若兩個(gè)形容詞前都帶有冠詞，做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)；若兩形容詞 前只有一個(gè)冠詞，表示

14、一個(gè)人或物，做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。例如：（ 1） The white and the red coat are mine .那件白色上衣和那件紅色上衣是我的。（ 2） The black and white cow is mine .那頭黑白花奶牛是我的。2）由 “ a kind of ,this kind of ,many kinds of + 名詞”和“名詞 +of this kind ”等短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)， 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與 of 前的名詞的數(shù)保持一致。 （與 kind 同類的詞有 type,sort ）例如：（ 1） A new type of machine is on sale now.一種

15、新機(jī)器正在熱銷。（ 2） Machines of this new type are made in China.這種新機(jī)器產(chǎn)于中國(guó)。3）主語(yǔ)后面帶有 as well as ,rather than ,like ,but ,except, besides, with ,along with ,togetherwith ,including, in addition to 等連接的名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)問(wèn)題仍然與句首的主語(yǔ)保持一 致，若主語(yǔ)為單，謂語(yǔ)則單數(shù)，若主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)一樣復(fù)數(shù)。例如：（ 1） The boy with his dog is here.小男孩在這兒，還有他的狗也在這兒。（

16、 2） No one but your parents was here.除了你的父母，沒(méi)人在這里了（ 3） Tom, together with Mary and Alice, is going to swim this afternoon. 湯姆今天下午將和瑪麗和愛(ài)麗絲一起游泳。4）主語(yǔ)由肯定及否定兩部分組成時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)問(wèn)題與肯定部分保持一致。例如：Not you but I am to answer for it . 對(duì)此負(fù)責(zé)的是我，而不是你。5） 并列主語(yǔ)由 or, either or ,neither nor,not onlybut also .連接時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常與鄰近的

17、主語(yǔ)保持人稱和數(shù)的一致。 （就近原則）例如：（ 1） Neither you nor I am a worker.（ 2） Neither I nor you are a worker.6）由 some of, plenty of , a lot of , lots of ,most of, the rest of, all （of）, half （of）,分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù) +of + 名詞 等做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常與 of 后面的名詞保持人稱和數(shù)的一致。 （這類短語(yǔ) +名詞做主 語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常只看后面名詞的單數(shù) /復(fù)數(shù)） 。例如：（ 1） Some of the machines are ma

18、de in China.（ 2） The rest of money was given to the old people.7）there be 句型，遵循就近原則 例如：（ 1） There are some books and a pen on the desk.（ 2） There is a pen and some books on the desk.8）在 one of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 +who （that, which） 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；若 one 前 有定冠5詞 the (only)等修飾時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。例如：She is one of the e

19、n gi neers who are experts in Germa n.她是精通德語(yǔ)的工程師中的一個(gè)。9)群體名詞 class, team, family, group,nation, world, government等做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果強(qiáng)調(diào)整體，謂 語(yǔ)用單數(shù)；如果強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體成員時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：(1) The class are watching TV now.(2) The nation has a long history.10)定冠+ 形容詞或分詞表示一類人時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；若表示某一抽象概念，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如：The old are taken good care of .老年人被

20、照顧得很好The beautiful gives pleasure to all.美麗給所有人帶來(lái)歡樂(lè)。11)單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)和該主語(yǔ)具體所指代的單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)有關(guān)。(單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞有： deer, fish, sheep, Chin ese, Japa nese, means, works等)。例如：(1) The deer is a kind of mild animal.(2) Most of Chinese have yellow skin.12) 在主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)倒裝的句子中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)和它后面的主語(yǔ)的數(shù)保持一致。例如：(1) There are five bo

21、oks on the desk.(2) Here comes the bus.13)不定代詞 all, more, most, some, any, none,做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞視情況而定。例如：All of the apples are rotte n.所有的蘋(píng)果都爛了。All of the apple is rotte n .整個(gè)蘋(píng)果都爛了。14) the rest of /half of/part of /majority of /percent of /one third of +名詞”做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng) 詞與 of 后面的名詞保持一致。例如：Half of the stude nts

22、have done their homework.一半學(xué)生做了作業(yè)。Half of the fruit is bad.一半兒的水果壞了15) lot of /lots of /plenty of /a large quantity of +名詞”做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與of 后面的名詞保持一致。例如：(1) Lots of people were rush ing there to look for gold the n.(2) There is ple nty of food for us to eat.16 ) a great deal of / a large amou nt of +不可數(shù)

23、名詞 做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如：(1) A great deal of money was spe nt on her new clothes.(2) A large amount of water has bee n wasted at prese nt.17 ) a number of /a group of /a variety of +名詞 做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。6The number of /the variety of +名詞 做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如：(1) A variety of fruits are on sale.(2) The nu mber of peopl

24、e who like dress ing themselves up is in creas ing.18 ) none, n either做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以單數(shù)，可以復(fù)數(shù)。例如：(1)No ne of the books is/are writte n by Lu Xun. 那些書(shū)沒(méi)有一本是魯迅寫(xiě)的。(2)Neither of them is/are workers. 他們兩個(gè)都不是工人。即學(xué)即練1._Threedied in the terrible fire in Luoyang last winter.A. hun dreds peopleB. hun dred peopleC. h

25、un dreds peoplesD. hun dred peoples72. Either you or the preside nt_the prizes to these gifted winners at the meeti ng.A. is handing outB. are to hand outC. are handing out D. is to hand out3. I, who_ your close friend, will try my best to help you out of trouble.A. am B. isC. are D. be4. There_ a l

26、ot of rubbish on the floor so I asked Mary to sweep_ up.A. were; itB. are; themC. was; itD. is; them5. Both rice and wheat_ grow n in our coun try.A. isB. areC. wasD. were6. _eitherof your pare nts come to see you rece ntly?A. Have B. Had C. Has D. Is7. What the childre n in the mountain village n e

27、ed_ good books.A. isB. areC. haveD. has8. You and I_ twin sisters.A. wereB. areC. isD. am9. Many a stude nt_someth ing about Abraham Lincoln.A. have knownB. knowsD. are known直擊高考1. （ 2013 江蘇卷 21） Gen erally, stude nts inner motivati on with high expectati ons from others_ esse ntial to their develop

28、me nt.A. isB. are C. was D. were2. （2013 福建卷 23） The famous musician, as well as his students, ceremony ofthe 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.A. were in vited B. was in vitedesse ntial to their developme nt.a small piece of land where we can pla nt various kinds of fruit treesthroughout the grow ing seas on

29、s of the year.A. are B. was C. isD. were6. （2013 上海卷 39） Among the crises that face humans_the lack of natural resources.A. isB. areC. is thereD. are there7.（2012 湖南卷 35） All the scientificevidenee _ that increasinguse of chemicals in farmingC. is known10. Every one, men and wome n, old and youngA.

30、is enjoysports and games.B. were enjoying C. enjoysD. enjoyto perform at the openingC. have bee n in vited D. has bee n in vited3.2013 湖南卷 33） The university around $8,450 a year, whichA. are ; is B. are ; are C. is ; are D. is4. （ 2013 江蘇卷 21） Gen erally, stude nts inner motivation with highestimat

31、es that livingexpenses fora burde n for some of ern ati onalstude nts；isexpectati ons from othersA. isB. areC. wasD. were5. （ 2014 湖南卷 32） All we need8_ damagi ng our health.9A. show; are B. shows; are C. show; is D. shows; is8. （2012 陜西卷 12） The basketball coach, as well as his team ,_in te

32、rviewed shortly afterthe match for their outsta nding performa nee.A. wereB. wasC. isD. are9.（ 2012 安徽卷 33） Walmart, which is one of the largest American supermarketcha ins, _ some of its store ope n 24 hours on Mon days through Saturdays.A. keepsB.keepC. havekeptD. had kept10. （2012 安徽卷 27） The fac

33、tory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which_saved for other purposes.A. isB. areC. wasD. were主謂一致即學(xué)即練1. B。hundred 一詞前面有具體數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)不加-s2. D。當(dāng) either or 連接兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在人稱和數(shù)上和后一個(gè)主語(yǔ)保持一致。“be+不定式”表示按計(jì)劃或安排將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。3. A。who 為引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞，其先行詞是I ,所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用am.4. C。there be 句型中 be 動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于其后的主語(yǔ)，a lot of rubbish（不可數(shù)名詞），因此后面謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)。5. B。both-and-連接兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用非第三人稱單數(shù)形式。6.