初中名詞用法歸納與練習(xí)答案

1、初中名詞用法歸納與練習(xí)知識網(wǎng)絡(luò)考點一 名詞的分類考點二 名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式1.規(guī)那么變化構(gòu)成方法例詞在詞尾加-sgirlgirlspenpens以s，x，ch，sh結(jié)尾的名詞后加-esbusbusesboxboxeswatchwatchesdishdishes以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞，變f，fe為v，再加-eswifewiveshalfhalves shelfshelvesthiefthieves某些以f結(jié)尾的詞，直接加-sroofroofs(屋頂)beliefbeliefs(信念)以輔音字母y結(jié)尾的名詞變y為i再加-escitycitiescountrycountriesfamilyfamilies

2、partyparties以元音字母y結(jié)尾的名詞，直接加-sboyboysdaydays以o結(jié)尾的四個詞(兩菜、兩人)加-es，其余的都加-spotatopotatoestomatotomatoesheroheroesNegroNegroeszoozoosphotophotos2.不規(guī)那么變化構(gòu)成方法例詞形式不變(單復(fù)數(shù)同形)sheepsheepdeerdeerChineseChineseJapaneseJapanese變內(nèi)部元音字母footfeettoothteethgoosegeese manmenmousemice詞尾加-en/-renchildchildrenoxoxen3.復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)

3、數(shù)形式有兩種(1)將主體詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)，如：sisterinlawsistersinlaw(嫂子)boy classmateboy classmates (2)將復(fù)合詞中兩個詞都變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)，此種復(fù)合詞中第一個詞須是man或 woman，如：man workermen workerswoman teacherwomen teachers4特殊情況(1)有些名詞只有復(fù)數(shù)形式，如：clothes，shorts，pants，scissors(剪刀)，goods，glasses(眼鏡 )(2)有些名詞以s結(jié)尾，但不是復(fù)數(shù)形式，如：news，maths，physics，politics(3)有些物質(zhì)名詞或抽象名

4、詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式表示不同的含義，如：room(空間)a room(房間)work(工作)works(著作)(4)不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量表達不可數(shù)名詞本身不可數(shù)，但可借助單位量詞表示一定的數(shù)量，如：a piece of bread/news/paper一片面包/一那么新聞/一張紙還可用much，little，a little，a large amount of，some，any，no，lots of，plenty of等來修飾不可數(shù)名詞，如：much money，some milk (5)數(shù)詞名詞形容詞構(gòu)成的復(fù)合形容詞，中間的名詞不能用復(fù)數(shù)形式而須用單數(shù)形式，如：He is a fouryearold

5、 boy.他是個4歲的男孩。(fouryearold不能說成fouryearsold)a fivefootdeep hole一個五英尺深的洞考點三 名詞所有格1表示有生命的人或物的名詞所有格形式，在此名詞詞尾加's，或直接加'。(1)單數(shù)名詞加's，如：Mary's book(2)以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞只加'，不以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞要加's，如：the three girls' father 這三個女孩的父親the children's presents 孩子們的禮物(3)表示幾個人共有，僅在最后一個人的名字后加's；表示各自所

6、有時，需在各個名字后加's，如：Mary and Jane's car(她倆人共有的車)Mary's and Jane's cars(她倆各自的車)(4)表示店鋪、住宅、公共建筑等地點時，名詞所有格后面的名詞習(xí)慣上省略。如：the barber'sthe barber's shop理發(fā)店to my aunt'sto my aunt's house到我姑姑家(5)有些指時間、距離、重量、價值、國家和城鎮(zhèn)等無生命的名詞，也可以加's構(gòu)成所有格。如：a week's time 一周的時間China's popul

7、ation中國的人口2表示無生命的東西的所有格形式：名詞of所有者，如：the name of the zoo動物園的名字3雙重所有格：即of's或of名詞性物主代詞，如：a book of my daughter's 我女兒的一本書The friend of his is very kind.他的朋友非常友好。考點四 名詞的句法功能名詞在句中可以作主語、賓語、賓語補足語、同位語、表語、狀語、定語等。名詞作定語，一般用單數(shù)形式。如：girl students(女學(xué)生) paper flowers(紙花)名詞作定語時，個別情況用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：sports meeting (運動會

8、)名詞專練一、單項選擇1 Read the _carefully.They will help you know how to use the popper.AInstructions Bdecisions Cresults【解析】此題考查名詞在語境中的運用。instruction“說明；decision“決定；result“結(jié)果。由后句“它們會幫你知道如何使用這臺爆米花機可判斷本句為“認真讀說明，故instructions符合句意。【答案】A2Cici enjoys dancing.It's one of her _.Aprize Bprizes Chobby Dhobbies【解析

9、】此題考查名詞。one of后接名詞的復(fù)數(shù)，表示“中的一個，故排除A、C兩項；prize“獎品，hobby“愛好，跳舞是一種愛好，應(yīng)選D項?！敬鸢浮緿3 For my homework I have to write a(n) _about the wonders of the world.Amusic BpictureCcomposition Dexam【解析】此題考查名詞在語境中的運用。music“音樂；picture“圖畫；composition“作文；exam“考試。music是不可數(shù)名詞，不能用不定冠詞a/an修飾，故排除A項；動詞write不能和picture搭配，也應(yīng)排除；家庭作

10、業(yè)不可能是考試，D項也排除。應(yīng)選C?！敬鸢浮緾4Boys and girls，feeling peaceful is the first step to become _ in the exam.So please take a deep breath and calm down.Arunners Bwinners Cplayers【解析】此題考查名詞在語境中的運用。runner“跑步者；winner“獲勝者；player“運發(fā)動。在考試中應(yīng)成為獲勝者，故winners符合句意?！敬鸢浮緽5I have great _ in learning math and I'm so worri

11、ed.Could you help me?Sure.I'd be glad to.Atrouble Binterest Cjoy Dfun【解析】此題考查名詞的用法。have trouble/difficulty/problems (in) doing sth.“做某事有困難。interest“興趣；joy“快樂，欣賞；fun“樂趣，均不符合題意。【答案】A6Mrs Black, could you give me some advice on how to write an application letter?With pleasure.Remember that the lett

12、er should be written in the formal _.Avalue Bstyle Ceffect Dmood【解析】此題考查名詞詞義辨析。value“益處，價值；style“風(fēng)格，文體；effect“影響，效果；mood“情緒，心情。由語境知“寫申請信應(yīng)用正式文體?！敬鸢浮緽7 Could you please get me some _？ I'm hungry.Aapple Bwater Cbread Degg【解析】此題考查名詞的用法。由第二句I'm hungry.(我餓了。)知空格處需填“吃的東西，故排除選項B；選項A、D均為可數(shù)名詞，由題干中的som

13、e判斷需用可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，故排除A、D兩項。bread“面包，為不可數(shù)名詞，符合題意?！敬鸢浮緾8I'm going to the supermarket.Let me get you some fruit.OK.Thanks for your _.Aoffer BinformationCmessage Dorder【解析】此題考查名詞詞義辨析。offer“提供，提議；information“信息；message“口信；order“順序，訂貨，命令。句意為“我要去超市。讓我為你買些水果吧?！昂冒?，謝謝你的好意。應(yīng)選A?！敬鸢浮緼9 These natural disaster

14、s have warned us that everyone should start to protect the _immediately.Aamusement BdevelopmentCenvironment Dgovernment【解析】此題考查名詞詞義辨析。amusement“娛樂；development“開展；environment“環(huán)境；government“政府。句意為“這些自然災(zāi)害已經(jīng)告誡我們每個人應(yīng)立刻開始保護環(huán)境?！敬鸢浮緾10Mrs.Wang was sent to teach English in a poor mountain village last year.S

15、he said she would never forget some pleasant _ while working there.Aexperiments Bexpressions Cexperiences Demotions【解析】此題考查名詞詞義辨析。experiment“實驗；expression“表達；experience“經(jīng)歷；emotion“感情?？崭袼诰涞木湟鉃椤八f她永遠也不會忘記在那工作時的一些美好的經(jīng)歷。應(yīng)選C?！敬鸢浮緾11I'm sorry I went out for a smoke.I was very tired.There's no _ f

16、or this while you are at work.Acause Bexcuse Cmatter Dchoice【解析】此題考查名詞詞義辨析。cause“原因；excuse“理由，借口；matter“事情；choice“選擇。由空格所在句的句意“當你工作時這樣做是沒有理由的知選B。【答案】B12 John wants to be a _， so he often helps sick people in the hospital.Areporter Bdoctor Cscientist Dcook【解析】此題考查名詞詞義辨析。reporter“記者；doctor“醫(yī)生；scientis

17、t“科學(xué)家；cook“廚師。由句意“因此他經(jīng)常在醫(yī)院里幫助病人知約翰想成為一名醫(yī)生，應(yīng)選B?！敬鸢浮緽13I have trouble learning math this term.You should pay more _to your teacher's advice.Amoney Battention Ctime【解析】此題考查名詞的用法。pay attention to.“注意，是固定短語，應(yīng)選B。【答案】B14 The two cities have reached an _to develop science and technology.Aeducation Bexci

18、tement Cagreement Dinvention【解析】此題考查名詞的用法。reach an agreement“達成協(xié)議，是固定搭配，應(yīng)選C?！敬鸢浮緾15Could you tell me something about the boy who helped you just now?Sorry, I know nothing about him.We are_.Afriends BneighborsCclassmates Dstrangers【解析】由答語前面的“對不起，我不認識他，可知這里是指“陌生人?！敬鸢浮緿16 I don't think looking afte

19、r children is just _ work.Awoman Bwoman's Cwomen Dwomen's【解析】句意為“我認為照看孩子不僅僅是女人的工作。由句意可判斷此處應(yīng)用名詞所有格，又因為woman的復(fù)數(shù)形式是women，應(yīng)選D。【答案】D17Why are you still waiting in line?I've missed my _.Aplace Border Cturn Dtime【解析】句意為“你為什么仍然在排隊？“我錯過了我的一次時機了。place “地方； order “順序； turn“輪到的時機； time“時間。通過句意可知，只有C

20、項符合題意，故答案為C。【答案】C18I hear you have to run for half an hour every day.Right.It is one of the _ in my school.Achoices Bplans Chobbies Drules【解析】句意為“我聽說你每天必須跑步半小時?！笆堑模@是我們學(xué)校的規(guī)那么之一。choices“選擇；plans“方案；hobbies“愛好；rules“規(guī)那么。所以選擇答案D?！敬鸢浮緿19 _ mothers can't go to the meeting, because they have gone to N

21、ew York on business.AAlice and Lily's BAlice's and Lily'sCAlice's and Lily【解析】A選項是指她們共同的母親；B選項表示她們各自的母親；C選項沒有這種表達形式，首先排除。由后句的they可知，這里指的是她們各自的母親，因此答案為B?！敬鸢浮緽20The land in the southwest of China is in great need of _.Yes, it hasn't rained for a long time there.Amilk Btea Ccoffee D

22、water【解析】根據(jù)答語可知西南很需要水，故答案選D。【答案】D21How far is your home from school? It's about two _ walk.Ahour's Bhours Chours'【解析】此題考查名詞所有格的用法。兩小時的路程表達是“two hours' walk， hour需要變復(fù)數(shù)后加“'，應(yīng)選C。【答案】C22I'm not sure about the meaning of the word.You'd better look it up in a _.Aletter Bdiction

23、ary Cpostcard Dnotice【解析】letter“書信；dictionary“字典、詞典；postcard“卡片；notice“布告，根據(jù)題意“我不知道這個詞語的意思。“你最好查詞典。知答案選B?！敬鸢浮緽23Whose computer doesn't work?_， I think.AJohn has BJohn does CJohn DJohn's【解析】句意為“誰的計算機出毛病啦？“約翰的，我想。故答語應(yīng)用名詞所有格形式，所以答案應(yīng)選D?！敬鸢浮緿24Oh, my God! We have missed the last bus.What shall we

24、 do?I'm afraid we have no _ but to take a taxi.Achoice Bdecision Creason Didea【解析】“have missed the last bus和“but to take a taxi可知是別無選擇。句意是“哎，天啊，我們已經(jīng)錯過了最后一班車，我們應(yīng)該怎么辦呢？“我想我們除了乘出租車別無選擇了?！敬鸢浮緼25Good morning, madam.Can I help you?Sure, I'd like _，please.Atwo cups of coffees Btwo cup of coffeesCtw

25、o cups of coffee Dtwo cup of coffee【解析】coffee 是不可數(shù)名詞，不能加s，排除A和B；兩杯應(yīng)是two cups，排除D。應(yīng)選C?！敬鸢浮緾26Do you know the young lady over there?Yes.She's _ mother.ALily and Lucy BLily's and Lucy'sCLily's and Lucy DLily and Lucy's【解析】根據(jù)空后的mother可知是兩人共有的，兩人共有某物時，只需要在后一個詞后加's。句意是“你認識那兒的那個年輕女士

26、嗎？“是的，她是莉莉和露西的媽媽。【答案】D27 After walking for more than half an hour, we decided to take _ rest.Aa few minute's Ba few minutes'Ca little minute's Da little minutes'【解析】minute是可數(shù)名詞由a few來修飾且要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，名詞以s結(jié)尾時，所有格直接加。句意是“走了半個多小時后，我們決定休息幾分鐘。應(yīng)選B?！敬鸢浮緽28Where are the_？They are playing_ basketbal

27、l on the playground.Aman teachers; the Bmen teachers; theCman teachers; / Dmen teachers; /【解析】man作定語時，兩個名詞都要變復(fù)數(shù)； 球類運動的短語中，球類之前不可用冠詞，應(yīng)選D。句意是“男老師在哪兒？“他們正在操場上打籃球?！敬鸢浮緿29)Betty has a silk_.She can sing very well.Avoice Blook Csound Dnoise【解析】根據(jù)“She can sing very well.可知她的聲音很好，人的聲音用voice表示。句意是“貝蒂的聲音好，她可以

28、唱得非常好?！敬鸢浮緼30Oh, there isn't enough_ for us on the bus.No hurry.Let's wait for the next one.Afloor Bground Croom Dplace【解析】根據(jù)on the bus和答句可知是沒有足夠的空間夠我們用了。句意是“哎呀，公共汽車上沒有我們足夠的空間了?！皠e著急，讓我們等下一趟吧?！敬鸢浮緾31 I saw many _ eating grasson the hill.Ahorse Bcow Cdeers Dsheep【解析】many后跟名詞復(fù)數(shù)，A，B都不是復(fù)數(shù)，deer和sh

29、eep單復(fù)數(shù)相同，故答案選D?！敬鸢浮緿二、根據(jù)句意及所給漢語意思寫出所缺單詞1 The Great Wall of China is one of the _(奇跡) of the world.【解析】“奇跡為wonder，one of后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞?！敬鸢浮縲onders2 More and more _(外國人)come to visit China.【解析】“外國人為foreigner；more是many的比擬級，后接名詞的復(fù)數(shù)?！敬鸢浮縡oreigners3 After three _(星期) holiday, we came back to work.【解析】此題考查名詞所有格的用法

30、。以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞的所有格在s后加“'?！敬鸢浮縲eeks'4 To our great _(驚訝), Tom failed to pass the graduation exam.【解析】to one's surprise“使某人驚訝的是?！敬鸢浮縮urprise5He can't see the blackboard clearly, so he needs a pair of _(眼鏡)【解析】a pair of glasses“一副眼鏡?！敬鸢浮縢lasses6We should pay attention to our behavior and tr

31、y to be good_(公民)【解析】由主語we知，要填復(fù)數(shù)形式citizens。【答案】citizens7 They have planted about five _(千) trees in and around the town in the past few years.【解析】英語中的hundred，thousand，million，billion等詞如果前面有基數(shù)詞修飾，一律用單數(shù)，故填原形thousand?！敬鸢浮縯housand8 The camera was one of the greatest _(創(chuàng)造) in the 19th century.【解析】根據(jù)空前的“o

32、ne of the greatest可知用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。句意是“照相機是十九世紀最偉大的創(chuàng)造之一?！敬鸢浮縤nventions9 How many times do you brush your_(牙齒) every day?【解析】tooth的復(fù)數(shù)形式是teeth?！敬鸢浮縯eeth10 Please tell me the_(勝利者) telephone number.I want to interview him.【解析】句意是“請告訴我勝利者的 號碼，我想采訪他。勝利者是winner，其所有格在其后加's?！敬鸢浮縲inner's11 There are many fre

33、sh_(土豆) in the supermarket.【解析】因句中有many, many后接名詞的復(fù)數(shù)，potato的復(fù)數(shù)是potatoes。【答案】potatoes12 Thank you very much for your_(邀請)But I'm so sorry that I can't come to your party tomorrow.【解析】空白處前有your修飾，故要用名詞形式，而invite的名詞是invitation?！敬鸢浮縤nvitation13 Take a short rest after two_(小時) hard work, and you

34、 won't feel too tired. 【解析】前面有two，所以應(yīng)該用hour的復(fù)數(shù)形式hours的名詞所有格?！敬鸢浮縣ours'14 Great_(變化) have taken place in our hometown.【解析】句中的謂語動詞是have taken place，因此主語要用復(fù)數(shù)形式?！敬鸢浮縞hanges15 A powerful earthquake hit Wenchuan in _(西南方), China's Sichuan Province on May 12th.【解析】表示“偏方向時，先說南北，再說東西，故西南方為southwe

35、st?！敬鸢浮縮outhwest三、根據(jù)句意及所給首字母補全單詞1 A _is the fourth month of the year.【解析】一年的第四個月份是April?！敬鸢浮緼pril2 My h_ is collecting stamps.I have collected thousands of stamps.【解析】集郵是一種愛好，故填hobby?！敬鸢浮縣obby3 Mark Twain was born in the USA and English was his mother t _.【解析】mother tongue“母語。由句意“馬克·吐溫出生于美國，英語是

36、他的母語?？芍鸢??！敬鸢浮縯ongue4My mother is a nurse.She works in a famous h _.【解析】由常識知護士工作的地點是醫(yī)院。【答案】hospital5 If you are in danger, remember to dial(撥) the telephone n _110 at once.【解析】句意為“如果你遇到危險，記住立刻撥 號碼110。故填number?！敬鸢浮縩umber6Do you know what the p_ of China is now?It's over 1.3 billion.【解析】由答語知，上句是問現(xiàn)在中國的人口是多少，故填population?！敬鸢浮縫opulatio