高一英語 必修一 U4 補(bǔ)充

1、3. respond vi. 回答回答; 響應(yīng)響應(yīng); 做出反應(yīng)做出反應(yīng)【語境領(lǐng)悟】【語境領(lǐng)悟】*Daisy responded immediately. 黛西立刻回答。黛西立刻回答。*They still havent responded to my letter. 他們至今仍沒有回我的信。他們至今仍沒有回我的信。*His illness didnt respond to treatment by drugs. 他的疾病對(duì)藥物治療沒有反應(yīng)。他的疾病對(duì)藥物治療沒有反應(yīng)。*He responded to my suggestion with a laugh/ by laughing. 他對(duì)我的建議

2、報(bào)以一笑。他對(duì)我的建議報(bào)以一笑。【歸納拓展】【歸納拓展】(1)respond to sth. 對(duì)對(duì)做出反應(yīng)做出反應(yīng)/回答回答respond to sb. /sth. (with/by sth. ) 用用回應(yīng)某人回應(yīng)某人(事事)(2)response n. 回答回答; 反應(yīng)反應(yīng)in response to sth. 對(duì)對(duì)做出反應(yīng)做出反應(yīng)make (a)response tosth. 回答回答/響應(yīng)響應(yīng); 對(duì)對(duì)做出反應(yīng)做出反應(yīng)*My mother opened the door in response to the knock, but there was no one outside. 聽到敲門

3、聲后聽到敲門聲后, 我媽媽打開了門我媽媽打開了門, 但外面一個(gè)人也沒有。但外面一個(gè)人也沒有?！炯磳W(xué)活用】【即學(xué)活用】完成句子。完成句子。The disease quickly _the treatment. (respond)這種療法對(duì)這種病很快就起了作用。這種療法對(duì)這種病很快就起了作用。In spite of hearing his mother calling him, he _it. (response)盡管聽到了媽媽在叫他盡管聽到了媽媽在叫他, 他沒有做出回應(yīng)。他沒有做出回應(yīng)。responded tomade noresponse toThe government has_to pub

4、lic pressure and dropped the proposal. A. answeredB. gotC. acceptedD. responded【解析】【解析】選選D。考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意?？疾閯?dòng)詞辨析。句意: 政府已經(jīng)對(duì)公眾壓力做政府已經(jīng)對(duì)公眾壓力做出了回應(yīng)出了回應(yīng), 放棄了那個(gè)提議。放棄了那個(gè)提議。respond to sth. 對(duì)對(duì)做出反應(yīng)做出反應(yīng)/回答?；卮?。【思維延伸】【思維延伸】補(bǔ)充練習(xí)補(bǔ)充練習(xí)Nowadays, many people walk to work_Copenhagen Conference calling for living a low-carbon

5、lifestyle to cope with global warming. A. in relation toB. in response toC. in addition to D. in opposition to【解析】【解析】選選B。句意。句意: 現(xiàn)在很多人步行去上班來回應(yīng)哥本哈根會(huì)議倡導(dǎo)現(xiàn)在很多人步行去上班來回應(yīng)哥本哈根會(huì)議倡導(dǎo)的低碳生活來解決溫室效應(yīng)。的低碳生活來解決溫室效應(yīng)。in response to對(duì)對(duì)做出反應(yīng)做出反應(yīng); in relation to關(guān)于關(guān)于, 涉及涉及; in addition to除除之外之外; in opposition to與與相反。相反。9. pa

6、y attention to注意注意【語境領(lǐng)悟】【語境領(lǐng)悟】*You should pay more attention to the rainforest where I live and appreciate how the animals live together. 你們應(yīng)該更多關(guān)注我所居住的熱帶雨林你們應(yīng)該更多關(guān)注我所居住的熱帶雨林, 并懂得動(dòng)物們是如何并懂得動(dòng)物們是如何在一起生活的。在一起生活的。*A great deal of attention has been paid to protecting the environment. 人們已對(duì)保護(hù)環(huán)境投入了很多注意力。人們已對(duì)保

7、護(hù)環(huán)境投入了很多注意力。【歸納拓展】【歸納拓展】attract/catch/draw/get ones attention吸引某人的注意力吸引某人的注意力fix/focus ones attention on 集中注意力于集中注意力于devote ones attention to 專心于專心于turn ones attention to 將注意力轉(zhuǎn)向?qū)⒆⒁饬D(zhuǎn)向*He devoted all his attention to protecting the endangered animals. 他致力于保護(hù)他致力于保護(hù)瀕臨危險(xiǎn)的動(dòng)物。瀕臨危險(xiǎn)的動(dòng)物。注：介詞注：介詞to 后跟后跟 名詞，動(dòng)名

8、詞，名詞，動(dòng)名詞，what引導(dǎo)的從句引導(dǎo)的從句【思維延伸】【思維延伸】在以上短語中在以上短語中to為介詞為介詞, 其后接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞其后接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞, 含有介詞含有介詞to的的動(dòng)詞短語還有動(dòng)詞短語還有: look forward to盼望著盼望著get down to 開始認(rèn)真做某事開始認(rèn)真做某事turn to 轉(zhuǎn)向轉(zhuǎn)向add to 增加增加lead to 導(dǎo)致導(dǎo)致【即學(xué)活用】【即學(xué)活用】完成句子。完成句子。The colorful balloons _. 彩色的氣球吸引了孩子的注意力。彩色的氣球吸引了孩子的注意力。_the peace in the world. 應(yīng)高度關(guān)注世界

9、的和平。應(yīng)高度關(guān)注世界的和平。With _his study, he made rapid progress. 因把精力集中在學(xué)習(xí)上因把精力集中在學(xué)習(xí)上, 他進(jìn)步很快。他進(jìn)步很快。caught the babys attentionHigh attention should be paid tomuch attention focused onMuch more attention should be paid_the animals in danger of dying out. A. in protectingB. to protectC. protecting D. to protect

10、ing【解析】【解析】選選D。句意。句意: 我們應(yīng)多注意保護(hù)處于滅絕危險(xiǎn)中的我們應(yīng)多注意保護(hù)處于滅絕危險(xiǎn)中的動(dòng)物。動(dòng)物。pay attention to注意注意, 其中其中to為介詞為介詞, 后跟動(dòng)名詞后跟動(dòng)名詞, 該該題中題中attention被提到了句首被提到了句首, 變?yōu)榱吮粍?dòng)語態(tài)。變?yōu)榱吮粍?dòng)語態(tài)。Much more attention was paid to protect the endangered animals from dying out. _protectingPlease pay attention to I am about to say.what10. appreci

11、ate vt. 鑒賞鑒賞; 感激感激; 意識(shí)到意識(shí)到【語境領(lǐng)悟】【語境領(lǐng)悟】*Id appreciate some help. 如果有人幫忙我將非常感激。如果有人幫忙我將非常感激。*We shall appreciate hearing from you again. 能再次收到你的來信能再次收到你的來信, 我們將十分感激。我們將十分感激。*I would appreciate it very much if you would help me with it. 如果你能幫助我做這件事如果你能幫助我做這件事, 我將不勝感激。我將不勝感激?！練w納拓展】【歸納拓展】(1)appreciate st

12、h. 感激感激appreciate (ones) doing. . . 感激感激(某人某人)做某事做某事appreciate it if. . . 要是要是將不勝感激將不勝感激(2)appreciation n. 欣賞欣賞; 感激感激【名師點(diǎn)津】【名師點(diǎn)津】喜恨無常的喜恨無常的“it”appreciate后面若跟后面若跟when/if引導(dǎo)的從句作賓語時(shí)引導(dǎo)的從句作賓語時(shí), 從句之從句之前應(yīng)用前應(yīng)用it作形式賓語。類似用法的動(dòng)詞還有作形式賓語。類似用法的動(dòng)詞還有hate, love, like, dislike等。等。 I would appreciate it if you could lis

13、ten to me carefully. I like it when you are smiling. I hate it when you make big nose.【即學(xué)活用】【即學(xué)活用】完成句子。完成句子。I would _you could turn the radio down. 如果你能將收音機(jī)音量調(diào)小些如果你能將收音機(jī)音量調(diào)小些, 我會(huì)不勝感激。我會(huì)不勝感激。I appreciated _to your birthday party. 受邀參加你的生日宴會(huì)我很感激。受邀參加你的生日宴會(huì)我很感激。appreciate it ifbeing invited(2014陜西高考陜西高

14、考)Id appreciate_if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come. A. itB. youC. oneD. this【解析】【解析】選選A。考查代詞。句意。考查代詞。句意: 如果你能讓我提前知如果你能讓我提前知道你是否能來我會(huì)很感激的。道你是否能來我會(huì)很感激的。I would appreciate it if sb. did. . . “如果某人做如果某人做我會(huì)很感激的我會(huì)很感激的”, it是形式是形式賓語。賓語?！舅季S延伸】【思維延伸】補(bǔ)充練習(xí)補(bǔ)充練習(xí)Id appreciate_if you co

15、uld come and help me once more and I always appreciate_me with my English in the past. A. this; you to helpB. that; your helpingC. it; you to help D. it; your helping【解析】【解析】選選D。句意。句意: 要是你能再一次來幫助我要是你能再一次來幫助我, 我將非常感激。我將非常感激。我一直感激你在過去幫助我學(xué)習(xí)英語。我一直感激你在過去幫助我學(xué)習(xí)英語。appreciate it if. . . 要要是是將不勝感激將不勝感激; appre

16、ciate ones doing sth. 感激某人做某事。感激某人做某事。11. succeed vi. 成功成功vt. 接替接替; 繼任繼任【語境領(lǐng)悟】【語境領(lǐng)悟】*What must be done if wildlife protection is to succeed?要成功地保護(hù)野生動(dòng)植物必須做什么要成功地保護(hù)野生動(dòng)植物必須做什么?*Have you succeeded in passing the exam?你考試及格了嗎你考試及格了嗎?*He will succeed his father as manager of the shop. 他將接替父親擔(dān)任該商店的經(jīng)理。他將接替父

17、親擔(dān)任該商店的經(jīng)理。*His eldest son succeeded to the throne. 他的大兒子繼承了王位。他的大兒子繼承了王位?！練w納拓展】【歸納拓展】(1)succeed in doing sth. 成功地做了某事成功地做了某事succeed to sth. 繼承了繼承了succeed sb. as. . . 繼某人之后擔(dān)任繼某人之后擔(dān)任(2)success n. U成功成功n. C成功的人或事成功的人或事(3)successful adj. 成功的成功的be successful in 在在方面成功方面成功(4)successfully adv. 成功地成功地*Confi

18、dence is the key to success. 自信是成功的關(guān)鍵。自信是成功的關(guān)鍵。*He was successful in international trade because of his good English. 因?yàn)橛⒄Z出色因?yàn)橛⒄Z出色, 他在國際貿(mào)易上很成功。他在國際貿(mào)易上很成功?！厩蓪W(xué)助記】【巧學(xué)助記】 成功記憶成功記憶succeedAfter succeeding to his fathers company as president successfully, he succeeded in making the company more successful

19、in its field, which helped to make him a big success in turn. 在他成功地繼承了父親的公司并成為公司總裁之后在他成功地繼承了父親的公司并成為公司總裁之后, 他使公司在自己領(lǐng)他使公司在自己領(lǐng)域里獲得了更大的成功。繼而域里獲得了更大的成功。繼而, 公司的成功也成就了他的成功人士的地公司的成功也成就了他的成功人士的地位。位?！炯磳W(xué)活用】【即學(xué)活用】用用succeed及相關(guān)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。及相關(guān)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。Weve started our own business. Its a _ and we can earn at least $

20、30, 000 per month. He was glad that he _ in stopping smoking. Arthur was a highly _ businessman. I passed the driving test _ through my hard work. successsucceededsuccessfulsuccessfullyBob failed in the exam again. He_it; he never worked hard. A. deservedB. succeededC. missedD. considered【解析】【解析】選選A

21、?？疾閯?dòng)詞辨析。句意?？疾閯?dòng)詞辨析。句意: 鮑勃考試又沒有及格。鮑勃考試又沒有及格。他應(yīng)該這樣他應(yīng)該這樣; 他從來都不努力學(xué)習(xí)。他從來都不努力學(xué)習(xí)。deserve“值得值得; 該該”符合句意。符合句意。12. employ vt. 雇用雇用; 利用利用(時(shí)間、精力等時(shí)間、精力等)【語境領(lǐng)悟】【語境領(lǐng)悟】*Can they be employed to work in the park and not hurt the animals?他他們可以被雇來在公園工作而不傷害動(dòng)物嗎們可以被雇來在公園工作而不傷害動(dòng)物嗎?*The boss employed 20 workers to pick the

22、fruit. 那位老板雇了那位老板雇了20位工人摘水果。位工人摘水果。*How do you employ your spare time?你怎樣利用你的業(yè)余時(shí)間你怎樣利用你的業(yè)余時(shí)間?【歸納拓展】【歸納拓展】(1)employ. . . as 雇用某人作雇用某人作/ 把把當(dāng)做當(dāng)做來使用來使用employ sb. to do sth. 雇用某人做某事雇用某人做某事(2)employment n. 工作工作, 職業(yè)職業(yè), 受雇受雇; 使用使用, 利用利用out of employment 失業(yè)失業(yè)(3)employer n. 雇用者雇用者; 雇主雇主; 老板老板e(cuò)mployee n. 雇工雇工;

23、 雇員雇員 從事于從事于, 忙于忙于(做做)某事某事*The employer employed him as his employee. 雇主雇用了他作為他的雇員。雇主雇用了他作為他的雇員。*He has been employed in writing a new book these days. 這些日子他一直忙于寫一本新書。這些日子他一直忙于寫一本新書。employ oneself in doing sth. be employed in doing sth. 【巧學(xué)助記】【巧學(xué)助記】你想做你想做“雇員雇員”還是還是“雇主雇主”?【即學(xué)活用】【即學(xué)活用】完成句子。完成句子。We _an

24、 adviser. 我們聘用她為顧問。我們聘用她為顧問。Her father has been _for 3 years. 她父親失業(yè)她父親失業(yè)3年了。年了。employed her asout of employment(2014溫州高一檢測溫州高一檢測)You are playing computer games in net bar day and night. You should_your time better. A. saveB. employC. spendD. expect【解析】【解析】選選B?？疾閯?dòng)詞辨析。句意?？疾閯?dòng)詞辨析。句意: 你日日夜夜地在網(wǎng)吧里玩電腦游你日日夜夜

25、地在網(wǎng)吧里玩電腦游戲戲, 你應(yīng)該更好地利用你的時(shí)間。你應(yīng)該更好地利用你的時(shí)間。employ利用利用(時(shí)間、精力時(shí)間、精力)等。等。save節(jié)節(jié)省省; spend度過度過; expect期待。期待。13. harm n. & vt. 損害損害; 危害危害【語境領(lǐng)悟】【語境領(lǐng)悟】*What should be done to punish people who do harm to the animals?應(yīng)該如何懲罰傷害動(dòng)物的人應(yīng)該如何懲罰傷害動(dòng)物的人?*Too much direct sunlight will harm this plant. 過多的陽光直射會(huì)損傷該植物。過多的陽光直

26、射會(huì)損傷該植物。【歸納拓展】【歸納拓展】(1)do harm to sb. /sth. =do sb. /sth. harm 對(duì)對(duì)有害有害There is no harm in doing sth. 做某事無害做某事無害(2)harmful adj. 有害的有害的be harmful to 對(duì)對(duì)有害有害harmless adj. 無害的無害的*There is no harm in doing that. 那樣做并無害處。那樣做并無害處。*It is harmful to your eyes to read in the bus. 在公共汽車上看書對(duì)你的眼睛有害。在公共汽車上看書對(duì)你的眼睛有害

27、?！疽谆毂嫖觥俊疽谆毂嫖觥縣arm表示對(duì)人的心理、健康、權(quán)利或事業(yè)上的損害表示對(duì)人的心理、健康、權(quán)利或事業(yè)上的損害, 程度較輕程度較輕hurt多用來表示傷害身體或某一部位多用來表示傷害身體或某一部位, 或表示劇烈的疼痛或精神上受到傷害或表示劇烈的疼痛或精神上受到傷害injure表示身體或精神上各種性質(zhì)及任何程度的傷害表示身體或精神上各種性質(zhì)及任何程度的傷害, 多表示意外受傷多表示意外受傷wound主要指在戰(zhàn)斗中由武器或兇器等造成的外傷或劇烈的痛苦主要指在戰(zhàn)斗中由武器或兇器等造成的外傷或劇烈的痛苦【即學(xué)活用】【即學(xué)活用】完成句子。完成句子。Fruit juice can _childrens t

28、eeth. 果汁可能損壞兒童的牙齒。果汁可能損壞兒童的牙齒。He may say no, but _asking. 他可能拒絕他可能拒絕, 但問一問也無妨。但問一問也無妨。do harm to/be harmful tothere is no harm in(2014杭州高一檢測杭州高一檢測)My new shoes are a bit tight and both my feet_after a whole day of work. A. hurtB. injureC. woundD. harm【解析】【解析】選選A。考查詞義辨析。句意?？疾樵~義辨析。句意: 我的新鞋子有點(diǎn)緊我的新鞋子有點(diǎn)緊

29、, 經(jīng)過一整天經(jīng)過一整天的工作后的工作后, 雙腳都疼了。雙腳都疼了。hurt疼疼; injure傷害傷害; wound(用武器用武器)傷害傷害; harm傷害。傷害。14. It shows the importance of wildlife protection, but Id like to help as the WWF suggests. 這表明保護(hù)野生動(dòng)植物的重要性這表明保護(hù)野生動(dòng)植物的重要性, 但我想按照世界野生生物基金會(huì)的建但我想按照世界野生生物基金會(huì)的建議來幫助議來幫助(你們你們)?！揪涫椒治觥俊揪涫椒治觥?1)此句為并列復(fù)合句。由此句為并列復(fù)合句。由but連接并列句連接并列

30、句, but表示轉(zhuǎn)折。表示轉(zhuǎn)折。(2)在第二分句中含有在第二分句中含有as引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句。引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句。as意為意為“仿照仿照, 像像那那樣樣, 如如”。*Do as the Romans do when in Rome. 入鄉(xiāng)隨俗。入鄉(xiāng)隨俗。*The travellers reached the destination along the road as the map shows. 旅游者們按照地圖展示的路線到達(dá)了目的地。旅游者們按照地圖展示的路線到達(dá)了目的地?！久麕燑c(diǎn)津】【名師點(diǎn)津】as為連詞時(shí)用法小結(jié)為連詞時(shí)用法小結(jié)(1)引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句, 意為意為“當(dāng)當(dāng)時(shí)候

31、時(shí)候, 隨著隨著”; (2)引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句, 意為意為“由于由于, 因?yàn)橐驗(yàn)椤? (3)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句, 意為意為“盡管盡管”。*As I was waiting for a bus, a bird landed on my head. 當(dāng)我在等公共汽車時(shí)當(dāng)我在等公共汽車時(shí), 一只小鳥落在了我的頭上。一只小鳥落在了我的頭上。*As youre not feeling well, you may stay at home. 既然你不舒服既然你不舒服, 就待在家里吧。就待在家里吧。*Happy as they were, they were still miss

32、ing home. 盡管他們很開心盡管他們很開心, 但是他們依然想家。但是他們依然想家?！炯磳W(xué)活用】【即學(xué)活用】(2012山東高考山東高考)He smiled politely_Mary apologized for her drunken friends. A. asB. ifC. unlessD. though【解析】【解析】選選A。考查時(shí)間狀語從句和連詞。句意。考查時(shí)間狀語從句和連詞。句意: 當(dāng)瑪麗為她醉酒的朋當(dāng)瑪麗為她醉酒的朋友們向他道歉時(shí)友們向他道歉時(shí), 他禮貌地微笑著。他禮貌地微笑著。as“當(dāng)當(dāng)時(shí)候時(shí)候”, 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句句, 符合句意符合句意; if“如果如果”,

33、 引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句; unless“除非除非”, 引導(dǎo)條件引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句狀語從句, 相當(dāng)于相當(dāng)于if . . . not; though“雖然雖然, 盡管盡管”, 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。根據(jù)句意可知選根據(jù)句意可知選A。(2012陜西高考陜西高考)Hot_the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey. A. although B. as C. while D. however【解析】【解析】選選B?？疾闋钫Z從句和倒裝。句意?？疾闋钫Z從句和倒裝。句

34、意: 盡管晚間的空氣很熱盡管晚間的空氣很熱, 我我們還是睡得很沉們還是睡得很沉, 因?yàn)樽吡四敲撮L的路程后我們累壞了。句子前半部分因?yàn)樽吡四敲撮L的路程后我們累壞了。句子前半部分為讓步狀語從句為讓步狀語從句, A項(xiàng)、項(xiàng)、B項(xiàng)、項(xiàng)、C項(xiàng)都可表示項(xiàng)都可表示“盡管盡管”, 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句句, 但此句用了倒裝但此句用了倒裝, 表語表語hot提前提前, 只有只有as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句要用倒裝引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句要用倒裝語序語序, although與與while不能用倒裝不能用倒裝, 所以所以B項(xiàng)符合題意。項(xiàng)符合題意?！疽c(diǎn)拾遺】【要點(diǎn)拾遺】1. protection n. 保護(hù)保護(hù)【語境領(lǐng)悟】【語

35、境領(lǐng)悟】*Hes devoted his whole life to the protection of the rare animals. 他終生獻(xiàn)身于珍稀動(dòng)物的保護(hù)。他終生獻(xiàn)身于珍稀動(dòng)物的保護(hù)。*They travelled under the protection of a number of soldiers. 他們?cè)谝恍┦勘淖o(hù)衛(wèi)下旅行。他們?cè)谝恍┦勘淖o(hù)衛(wèi)下旅行?！練w納拓展】【歸納拓展】(1)under the protection of. . . 在在的保護(hù)下的保護(hù)下(2)protect v. 保護(hù)保護(hù)protect. . . from. . . 保護(hù)保護(hù)不受不受(危害危害)(3

36、)protective adj. 保護(hù)的保護(hù)的, 防護(hù)的防護(hù)的protector n. 保護(hù)人保護(hù)人(或組織、裝置等或組織、裝置等)*Trees produce many leaves, so they provide shade to protect us from/against the sun. 樹木長出很多樹葉樹木長出很多樹葉, 所以它們提供樹蔭保護(hù)我們免受陽光照射。所以它們提供樹蔭保護(hù)我們免受陽光照射。【巧學(xué)助記】【巧學(xué)助記】 學(xué)會(huì)保護(hù)學(xué)會(huì)保護(hù)protectionThe laptop must have a protective covering which can protect

37、the computer against water. Im sure this protector can make the computer run well under the protection. 筆記本電腦必須有一層防水保護(hù)膜。我確信在這一防水保護(hù)膜的保護(hù)筆記本電腦必須有一層防水保護(hù)膜。我確信在這一防水保護(hù)膜的保護(hù)下電腦能運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)良好。下電腦能運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)良好?！舅季S延伸】【思維延伸】阻止某人做某事的多種表達(dá)方式阻止某人做某事的多種表達(dá)方式keep sb. from doing sth. =prevent sb. (from)doing sth. =stop sb. (from)doing s

38、th. *There was nothing to stop her from doing so. 沒有什么能夠阻止她這樣做。沒有什么能夠阻止她這樣做。*We young people should do something we can to stop the sea from being polluted. 我們年輕人應(yīng)該做一些力所能及的事來阻止海洋受到污染。我們年輕人應(yīng)該做一些力所能及的事來阻止海洋受到污染?！炯磳W(xué)活用】【即學(xué)活用】完成句子。完成句子。Recycling is one way to _. 循環(huán)利用是保護(hù)環(huán)境的一種方式。循環(huán)利用是保護(hù)環(huán)境的一種方式。Something must be done to _. 必須采取措施保護(hù)海洋免受污染。必須采取措施保護(hù)海洋免受污染。protect the environmentprotect the sea from being pollutedCoats are good means to_people from frostbite in cold winter. A. stopB. prevent