高中英語人教版必修四教學(xué)案：Unit4Section3含答案

1、Section IIIGrammar 一現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語語法突叫語法初識高中英語原句感知自主探究 .I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking around curiously . I stood for a minute watching them and then went to greet them. She stepped backappearing surprised .Then Akira Nagata from Japan came in smiling, together with George Cook f

2、rom Canada . When Darlene Coulon from France came dashing through the door .Turning around, she saw an ambulance driving away.The old scientist died all of a sudden, leaving the project unfinished .® Hearing the news, they immediately set off . Having written a letter, I listened to music for a

3、 while .動詞-ing形式在句中可作伴隨狀語 （句、），時(shí)間語（句 ），結(jié)果語（句），原因狀語（句、 ）。（2）若動詞-ing短語為一般式，表示動 作與謂語動詞同時(shí)發(fā)生（句）；若動詞 -ing短語為完成式,表示動作發(fā)生在 謂語動詞之前（句）。（3）動詞-ing形式的邏輯主語都是句子 的主語（句）。語法剖析語法點(diǎn)一現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語的用法現(xiàn)在分詞（短語）在句中作狀語用來修飾謂語動詞或整個(gè)句子，表示動作發(fā)生的時(shí)間、原因、條件、結(jié)果、方式、讓步或伴隨狀況。1 .作時(shí)間狀語現(xiàn)在分詞作時(shí)間狀語時(shí)，常放在句首，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句。Hearing the noise, I turned round .

4、=When I heard the noise, I turned round .聽到響聲我轉(zhuǎn)過身去。2 .作原因狀語現(xiàn)在分詞作原因狀語時(shí)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語從句，也可以放在句首。Being poor, he couldn't afford a TV set .=Because he was poor, he couldn't afford a TV set .由于貧窮，他買不起一臺電視機(jī)。3 .作條件狀語現(xiàn)在分詞作條件狀語時(shí)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。Working hard, you'll certainly succeed .= If you work h

5、ard, you'll certainly succeed .只要努力學(xué)習(xí)，你肯定會成功的。4 .作結(jié)果狀語現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語時(shí)，通常放在句末，中間用逗號隔開，表示一種順其自然、意料之中的結(jié)果。The fire lasted a whole night, causing great damage .大火持續(xù)了一整夜，造成了巨大損失。點(diǎn)津現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語，是隨著謂語動詞的發(fā)生而產(chǎn)生的自然結(jié)果，其邏輯主語 往往是前面整個(gè)句子所描述的情況，前面有時(shí)候可以加thus。而不定式作結(jié)果狀語時(shí)常表示出乎意料的結(jié)果，有時(shí)前面可以加only。試比較：He was caught in the rain,

6、 thus making himself catch cold .被雨淋后他感冒了。I hurried to school, only to find it was Sunday.我匆忙趕到學(xué)校，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)是星期天。5 .作讓步、方式和伴隨狀語現(xiàn)在分詞作讓步、方式和伴隨狀語時(shí)，說明動作發(fā)生的背景和情況。作伴隨狀語時(shí)，表 示分詞的動作和主句的動作同時(shí)發(fā)生，此時(shí)它可轉(zhuǎn)換成并列句。Mary sat by the window of the classroom, reading a book .=Mary sat by the window of the classroom and was readin

7、g a book .瑪麗坐在教室的窗邊讀一本書。即時(shí)演練11-1.用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語改寫下列句子When she turned around, she saw a car driving up .fTurningaround , she saw a car driving up . They stood there and waited for the bus .f They stood there, waitingfor the bus .As he was ill, he couldn't attend the meeting .fBeingill,he couldn't a

8、ttend the meeting .1 2.完成句子（湖南高考改編）There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland, staring at the night_sky （凝視著夜空 ）. Being_too old （因?yàn)槟昀希?he couldn't take a plane .語法點(diǎn)二現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語的注意事項(xiàng)1,現(xiàn)在分詞的時(shí)態(tài)現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時(shí)，要注意分詞的時(shí)間性，是用現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式(doing),還是用完成式(having done)。(1)當(dāng)現(xiàn)在分詞的動作與謂語

9、動詞的動作同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)，用分詞的一般式。Walking in the street, I met an old friend of mine .我正在大街上行走時(shí)，遇到了一位老朋友。(walking和謂語動詞 met同時(shí)發(fā)生)(2)當(dāng)現(xiàn)在分詞的動作先發(fā)生，而謂語動詞的動作后發(fā)生時(shí)，用分詞的完成式。Having finished the letter, he went to post it.他寫完信后就把它寄了出去。(having finished是先發(fā)生的，went是后發(fā)生的)即時(shí)演練2用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空Seeing (see) nobody at home, he decided to

10、leave them a note. Having suffered (suffer) such heavy pollution, it may now be too late to clean up the river. Having lived (live) in Beijing for years, I almost know every place quite well .(江西高考改編 )Having spent (spend) nearly all our money, we couldn't afford to stay at a hotel.2 .現(xiàn)在分詞的語態(tài)使用現(xiàn)在

11、分詞的主動式還是被動式，這主要取決于現(xiàn)在分詞和句子主語之間的關(guān)系。句 子的主語就是分詞的邏輯主語。Having been shown around the factory, they were very happy .（現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式 ） 被領(lǐng)著參觀了工廠后，他們很高興。Having finished his homework, he went to bed .（現(xiàn)在分詞的主動式 ） 完成了作業(yè)后，他上床睡覺。即時(shí)演練33-1.用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 Being_talked （talk） to, you should look into the eyes of the person .

12、Having been_told （tell） for several times, he still couldn't understand the rules . Hearing （hear） the bad news, she didn't know what to do .32.單句改錯(cuò)（重慶高考改編）Being asked to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful filmBeing asked fHaving beenasked3 . 動詞-ing 形式的否定式：not +v. -ing; not hav

13、ing + v. -edNot knowing this, he didn't come .他不知道這件事，所以沒來。Not having made full preparations, we put off the sports meeting .因?yàn)闆]有做好充分的準(zhǔn)備，我們把運(yùn)動會延期了。4 .獨(dú)立主格動詞-ing形式作狀語，有時(shí)它也可以有自己獨(dú)立的主語，這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)， 通常用來表示伴隨的動作或情況，也可以表示時(shí)間、原因或條件。All the students having sat down, the lecture began.所有學(xué)生坐好之后，講座開始了。The n

14、ew year coming, we were happy.新年來了，我們很高興。The regulation permitting, I will go with you .制度允許的話，我就和你去。即時(shí)演練44-1.用現(xiàn)在分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)改寫下列句子 If weather permits, we shall go there on foot .fWeatherpermitting, we shall go there on foot .After Mary came back, they discussed it together .fMarycomingback, they discu

15、ssed it together .4 - 2,完成句子（江蘇高考改編 ）The lecture having been given （講座結(jié)束后 ）,a lively question-and-answer session followed .Spring coming on （春天來了 ）, the trees turned green.5 .現(xiàn)在分詞作評注性狀語有些現(xiàn)在分詞在句中沒有邏輯主語，它們往往作為句子的評注性狀語來修飾整個(gè)句子， 表明說話者的態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)等。例如：generally speaking "一般來說"，judging by/from . “從判斷&q

16、uot;, taking everything into consideration”從全盤考慮“。Judging from his behaviour, he must be mad.從他的行為來判斷，他一定是瘋了。Generally speaking, girls are more interested in literature than boys .一般來說，女孩比男孩對文學(xué)更感興趣。語法做真題慷定考查方向做典翹提升語法水平鏈接高考用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. (2016 北京高考)Newly- built wooden cottages line the street, turnin

17、g (turn) the old town into a dreamland.2. (2016 天津高考 )The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows, making (make) air conditioning unnecessary .3. (2015 天津高考 )Having worked (work) for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.4. (2015 重慶高考 )Like ancient sailors, birds can find t

18、heir way using (use) the sun and the stars.5. (2015 湖北高考 )Looking (look) at the beef being cooked on the stove, the mother pictured the whole family having meals together .6. (2015 湖南高考)When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile, she stood rooted to the ground, wondering (wonder)

19、 whether to stay or leave .7. (2014 福建高考 )Having spent (spend) the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age.針對演練I .用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. Pressed from his parents, and realizing (realize) that he has wasted too much time, the boy is determined to stop pl

20、aying video games .2. Disappearing (disappear) from view day by day, the singer is turning to his memories for comfort.3. Gathering (gather) around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people .4. More highways have been built in China, making (make) it much easier for people to travel from o

21、ne place to another.5. Not_having_completed (complete) the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks.6. Judging (judge) from the appearance, it is very peaceful, but in fact, a war will break out soon.7. The decision having been_made (make), what is to be done now is how to carry it o

22、ut .8. Tasting_ (taste) good and sweet, this kind of pear was soon sold out in the market .9. He sat in a chair under the shade of the tree, reading (read) a novel.10. The old man, having worked (work) abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland.n .完成句子1. The students walked on the

23、 street, talking_and_laughing .學(xué)生們走在街上，又說又笑。一 一2. Hearing_the_news,_he couldn't help laughing .一聽到那個(gè)招息他禁示住大笑起來。3. Having_worked hard_for_many_years,he finally achieved his dream .努力工作丁?艮多年R,他.于受現(xiàn)了新想。一4. The child slipped and fell, hitting_his_head_against_the_door .那男孩滑了一跤，頭撞到了門上。一一 一 一一5. Having been_told_many_times,he still didn't learn these rules by heart .盡管被告矢"r很艮次，瓦還啟時(shí)巴這正規(guī)定記下來。m .短文改錯(cuò)Dear