高三閱讀理解公開課

1、Reading Comprehension英語高考大綱中關(guān)于閱讀理解的要求英語高考大綱中關(guān)于閱讀理解的要求 要求考生能讀懂簡易的英語文學(xué)作品，科普文章，要求考生能讀懂簡易的英語文學(xué)作品，科普文章，公告，說明，廣告以及書、報、雜志中的簡短文公告，說明，廣告以及書、報、雜志中的簡短文段并能從中獲取相關(guān)信息。段并能從中獲取相關(guān)信息。 考生應(yīng)能：考生應(yīng)能：（1）理解主旨大意（）理解主旨大意（main idea)（2）理解文中具體細(xì)節(jié)）理解文中具體細(xì)節(jié)(specific details)（3）根據(jù)上下文推斷生詞的詞義）根據(jù)上下文推斷生詞的詞義(word meanings)（4）做出判斷和推理）做出判斷和

2、推理(judgement and inference)（5）理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)）理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)(passage structure)（6）理解作者的意圖、觀點和態(tài)度）理解作者的意圖、觀點和態(tài)度(attitudes/opinions)一：主旨?xì)w納題Usual types: 這種試題要求能把握文章的總體，并真正理解這種試題要求能把握文章的總體，并真正理解主題和中心；要求能較好地運用概括、判斷、主題和中心；要求能較好地運用概括、判斷、歸納、推理等邏輯思維方法解題，難度較大，歸納、推理等邏輯思維方法解題，難度較大，屬于高層次題。屬于高層次題。question forms：大意類：The main

3、idea of the passage is .What is the passage mainly about?標(biāo)題類：Whats the best title / headline for the passage?The best title for the passage might be .作者意圖類：Whats the writers purpose in writing the passage？ The authors purpose of writing this passage is 1.1.段落中出現(xiàn)表轉(zhuǎn)折的詞語段落中出現(xiàn)表轉(zhuǎn)折的詞語( (如如however, but, in

4、 fact, actually, while, on the contrary, in contrast等等) )時時, ,其后的句子很可能是主題句。其后的句子很可能是主題句。 2.2.首段出現(xiàn)疑問句時首段出現(xiàn)疑問句時, ,對該問題的回答很可能就對該問題的回答很可能就是主題句。是主題句。3.3.作者有意識地反復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)的觀點作者有意識地反復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)的觀點, ,通常是通常是主旨主旨; ;反反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞語復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞語, ,一般為體現(xiàn)文章主旨的一般為體現(xiàn)文章主旨的關(guān)鍵詞關(guān)鍵詞。4.4.表示總結(jié)或結(jié)論的話常有表示總結(jié)或結(jié)論的話常有therefore，thus，in short, conclude，conclu

5、sion等。等。找主題句的四個小竅門：找主題句的四個小竅門： Please keep in mind,Practice makes perfect! Have a try! Guess the main idea of each passage quickly! Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health. Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer. Besides the most serious and terrible disease (illness), cancer,

6、 cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems. For example, it can give one a “smokers cough”. Finally, studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds. Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer, cancer, smoking is harmful. Is it worth it? (1 minute) Please

7、find out the topic sentence of the passage.開門見山開門見山, 提出主題提出主題, 隨之用細(xì)節(jié)來解釋隨之用細(xì)節(jié)來解釋, 支撐或發(fā)展主題支撐或發(fā)展主題句所表達(dá)的主題思想句所表達(dá)的主題思想. 最常見的演繹法寫作方式最常見的演繹法寫作方式.Passage1 Often no one looks more guilty than the innocent(無辜的，無罪的，無辜者). On the other hand, nobody may look more innocent than a professional criminal. And the man

8、 who knows “everything” may really only be trying to hide his own weakness. So, it is foolish to try to judge a person only by his appearance. (1 minute)Please find out the topic sentence of the passage. 在表述細(xì)節(jié)后在表述細(xì)節(jié)后, 歸納要點歸納要點, 印象印象, 結(jié)論建議或結(jié)果結(jié)論建議或結(jié)果, 以概括主題以概括主題. 這這是英語中最常見的歸納法寫作方式文章或段落的主題句常常會是英語中最常見的歸

9、納法寫作方式文章或段落的主題句常常會出現(xiàn)在一些標(biāo)志性的提示后。如：出現(xiàn)在一些標(biāo)志性的提示后。如：so, on the whole, as a result, in short, therefore, thus.Passage 2Passage 3Success is often measured by the ability to overcome adversity(困境，逆境）困境，逆境）. But, it is often the belief of others that gives us the courage to try. J. K. Rowling, author of the

10、 Harry Potter book series, began writing at age 6.In her biography, .became the first person to encourage her and help build the confidence that one day she would be a very good writer.Now with seven books that have sold nearly 400 million copies in 64 languages, J. K. Rowling is the highest earning

11、 novelist in history. And it all began with her commitment to writing that was fostered by the confidence of a friend ! (2 minutes) The text mainly tells us .A. hardship makes a good novelistB. the courage to try is a special abilityC. you can have a wonderful idea everywhereD. encouragement contrib

12、utes to ones successdetailPassage 4Tom studied four years at the University of Paris and decided to leave before his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal back-ground. He is

13、 presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida. (2 minutes)The main idea of this paragraph is that _.A. Tom had studied at Paris and moved to another university.B. Tom became a lawyer after his graduation from College.C. Tom was an excellent student at Berlin university.D. Tom received an excelle

14、nt education.detaildetailTypes of Paragraph StructuresTypesThe position(位置）位置）of the topic sentenceAt the beginningAt the end of the passageIn the middleNo clear topic sentenceWhat should we pay attention to?1. One swallow does not make a summer.一燕不成夏一燕不成夏 （ 不要以偏概全）不要以偏概全）2. Transitional words and e

15、xpressions : 過渡詞過渡詞 but, yet, however, although, in spite of, by contrast, on the contraryHow to tell the wrong choices?How do we guess the meanings of new words?二：猜測生詞的詞義 要求考生根據(jù)語境猜測生詞、短語要求考生根據(jù)語境猜測生詞、短語或句子的意思或句子的意思, ,或者推斷熟詞生義或者推斷熟詞生義。題。題干中常含有干中常含有mean, is closest in meaning to, refer to, be replaced

16、 by等。這類題在等。這類題在廣東高考最近六年來廣東高考最近六年來, ,每年考查一個小每年考查一個小題。題。猜測詞語意思猜測詞語意思例1. The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.2.It will be very hard but also very brittle that is, it will break easily. 牧羊人that isthat isRule1: to use _ definition/ explanation Signal words:is, is called, be d

17、efined as(被定義為被定義為), like, the same as, refer to, such, such as, like, for example/ instance, especially, includeGuess the meaning易碎的，脆性的易碎的，脆性的Rule2: to use_例例1. Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health. They also regard drinking as harmful. 2.Most women in Ghana- the e

18、ducated and illiterate, the urban and rural, the young and old- work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers.harmfulalsoharmful文盲的，不識字的文盲的，不識字的 1. 1. 并列關(guān)系并列關(guān)系Signal words: and, or, also, that is to say （換句話說，換句話說，也就是說也就是說）in other words（換句話說換句話說 ）andguess t

19、he meaninglogical relationships邏輯關(guān)系邏輯關(guān)系例3. There are charges for prescription and dental care but many people, such as children, pregnant women, pensioners, and those on Income Support, are exempt from payment.What does the underlined word “exempt” probably mean? A.suffering B.different C.prevented

20、D. freebutcharges Rule2: to use_4.She is usually prompt for all her class, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class. Signal words:but, however, yet, or, otherwise, while, though, on one handon the other hand, rather than, instead ofpunctual準(zhǔn)時的準(zhǔn)時的logical relationships收費，要價收費，要價Rule2: to

21、 use_logical relationships例例5. Hes such a shrewd businessman that he loses no money in any trade（買賣，貿(mào)易，交易）（買賣，貿(mào)易，交易）.6.The teacher did not hear the knock at the doorbecause he was completely engrossed in his reading.smart/ sharp精明的，敏銳的精明的，敏銳的suchthatSignal words:absorbed專心致志的，專心致志的，全神貫注的全神貫注的because

22、, since, as, for, so, therefore（因此）（因此）, sothat, suchthat, thus Guess the meaning of the underlined word.becauseRule3: to use _Some family names were made by adding something to the fathers name. English-speaking people added s or son. The Johnsons are descendants of John; the Roberts familys ancest

23、or(祖先）祖先） was Robert.A.later generations B. friends and relativesC. colleagues and partners D. later sponsors2) European countries, for the present, are deeply mired in economic troubles. It is reported that their economic future looks uncertain and dark. A. trapped B. absorbed C. engaged D. interes

24、tedcontextcontextRule 4: to use _(1) Impossible to travel on or through不能通行的不能通行的(2) He fell into a ditch(溝，渠）溝，渠） and lay there, semiconscious, for a few minutes. partially consciousword formationword formationsemi (前綴）半，部分前綴）半，部分conscious有知覺的，有有知覺的，有意識的，神志清醒的意識的，神志清醒的Rule 5: to use Rule 5: to use

25、common sense and experiencecommon sense and experience 1) The sound of water gently lapping against the side of the boat during the silent night was very pleasant.tapping拍打拍打 2) Rainforests like the Amazon are important for mopping up CO打掃或清除干凈打掃或清除干凈吸入吸入，理解，領(lǐng)會，理解，領(lǐng)會徹底消滅，全部摧毀徹底消滅，全部摧毀分發(fā)，發(fā)出，放出（熱，光等）分

26、發(fā)，發(fā)出，放出（熱，光等）像亞馬遜這樣的熱帶雨林對于吸收大氣中的二氧化碳，像亞馬遜這樣的熱帶雨林對于吸收大氣中的二氧化碳，幫助減緩全球變暖有著重要作用。幫助減緩全球變暖有著重要作用。 Rule 1:Rule 1: Rule 2:Rule 2:Rule 3:Rule 3:Rule 4:Rule 4:Rule 5:Rule 5: 根據(jù)近年來高考閱讀理解對同學(xué)們提出新的要求，建議同學(xué)們在根據(jù)近年來高考閱讀理解對同學(xué)們提出新的要求，建議同學(xué)們在以下幾個方面加強(qiáng)自我訓(xùn)練！以下幾個方面加強(qiáng)自我訓(xùn)練！例例1: The major market force rests in the growing popul

27、ation of ，who can afford the new service.例例2: “Thats impossible,” said he, who an Italian restaurant.猜測熟詞含義除了要求同學(xué)們有較強(qiáng)的語境分析能力外，還要求猜測熟詞含義除了要求同學(xué)們有較強(qiáng)的語境分析能力外，還要求同學(xué)們有較寬的知識面，對常見有新含義的熟詞要弄清其用法，并同學(xué)們有較寬的知識面，對常見有新含義的熟詞要弄清其用法，并將這些詞進(jìn)行簡要歸納整理。將這些詞進(jìn)行簡要歸納整理。When men and women lived by hunting 50,000 years ago，how co

28、uld they even begin to picture modern life? 利用熟詞的新詞性來抽象詞義，關(guān)鍵應(yīng)在理解原詞的基礎(chǔ)上，利用熟詞的新詞性來抽象詞義，關(guān)鍵應(yīng)在理解原詞的基礎(chǔ)上，分析它的新詞性，并結(jié)合原詞含義發(fā)揮合理想象，從而概括抽象出分析它的新詞性，并結(jié)合原詞含義發(fā)揮合理想象，從而概括抽象出它的新詞義。它的新詞義。 猜詞能力猜詞能力白領(lǐng)雇員白領(lǐng)雇員經(jīng)營經(jīng)營想象想象1.On the farm they mainly raise poultry chickens, ducks and geese, both for their eggs and their meat.家禽家禽2

29、. Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I know. His brother, in contrast, is quite humble and modest.supercilious高傲的高傲的,傲慢的傲慢的modest（謙虛的，謙遜的）（謙虛的，謙遜的）3Tim drank too much water last night, so he went to visit john twice. 廁所廁所4.If you agree, write “yes”; if you dissent, write “no”. disagree5.The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow. 渾濁的，污濁不清的渾濁的，污濁不清的6.All his attempts to unlock the door was futile, because she was using the wrong key.徒勞的，無效的徒勞的，無效