英文文獻(xiàn)及翻譯：基于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的可靠性信息系統(tǒng)

1、基于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的可靠性信息系統(tǒng)摘 要 論文主要討論的是信息可靠性系統(tǒng)隨著廣域網(wǎng)和服務(wù)器構(gòu)造的發(fā)展。對(duì)系統(tǒng)中現(xiàn)有客戶和服務(wù)器進(jìn)行修正改造來執(zhí)行HTTP任務(wù)和高級(jí)制圖分析。同時(shí)，文章還對(duì)全球信息網(wǎng)的技術(shù)背景和關(guān)系，以及,客戶機(jī)/服務(wù)器系統(tǒng)做了解釋分析。藉由系統(tǒng)開發(fā)，設(shè)計(jì)工程師和可信度分析家可以更為方便快捷地對(duì)系統(tǒng)的可靠性進(jìn)行分析。 關(guān)鍵字：信息系統(tǒng)，WWW，客戶機(jī)/服務(wù)器結(jié)構(gòu)，可靠性1.引言 信息系統(tǒng)有廣泛的實(shí)際應(yīng)用性，它還可以對(duì)決定性策略做出有用判斷。一般認(rèn)為，信息系統(tǒng)是構(gòu)建在某一特定組織結(jié)構(gòu)模型數(shù)據(jù)流程。在可靠性工程學(xué)中，研究員在存取和數(shù)據(jù)分析方面會(huì)有一些困難.系統(tǒng)開發(fā)過程中積累的多數(shù)數(shù)據(jù)都是從可

2、靠性分析家那里獲取的。在成份數(shù)據(jù)中, 計(jì)算機(jī)每個(gè)成份的故障率時(shí)，特定應(yīng)用數(shù)據(jù) ( 舉例來說,應(yīng)用的重要程度，功能引腳的數(shù)字,等等.)對(duì)于系統(tǒng)開發(fā)者的設(shè)計(jì)來講都是很重要的。 在組織機(jī)構(gòu)中，客戶端/服務(wù)器結(jié)構(gòu)被視為整合計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)據(jù)的好方法。與傳統(tǒng)集中計(jì)算機(jī)環(huán)境相比，在客戶端/服務(wù)器環(huán)境下，用戶共享數(shù)據(jù)、應(yīng)用、處理進(jìn)程都更加容易1。平衡工作的能力取決于應(yīng)用是客戶端/服務(wù)器系統(tǒng)的重要角色?；ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)發(fā)展成為了支持交互式數(shù)據(jù)顯示及分發(fā)的傳輸手段?；ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)在客戶端與服務(wù)器交互信息的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化方面獲得了巨大成功。同樣，在發(fā)展客戶端與服務(wù)器軟件或網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議時(shí)，如果沒有要求特殊資源，基于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的系統(tǒng)可以迅速被創(chuàng)造。在本章，我

3、們闡述了基于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和客戶端/服務(wù)器技術(shù)的可靠性信息系統(tǒng)的實(shí)現(xiàn)。第二章概述了客戶端/服務(wù)器計(jì)算的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)響應(yīng)。第三章介紹了可靠性信息系統(tǒng)的實(shí)現(xiàn)細(xì)節(jié)，并在第四章進(jìn)行了進(jìn)一步的研究總結(jié)和討論。2.互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和客戶端/服務(wù)器結(jié)構(gòu) 客戶機(jī)/服務(wù)器結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系可以說是兩個(gè)進(jìn)程合作運(yùn)行一些任務(wù)。它支持信息系統(tǒng)的完整性和可擴(kuò)充性2。Lyu(1995)論證了客戶端/服務(wù)器結(jié)構(gòu)的四項(xiàng)優(yōu)勢(shì)：成本降低、生產(chǎn)率提高、系統(tǒng)生命周期較長以及更好的可用性。因此，客戶端/服務(wù)器系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)被認(rèn)為是一個(gè)可行的信息系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)。隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的發(fā)展，實(shí)現(xiàn)客戶端/服務(wù)器結(jié)構(gòu)的最簡(jiǎn)單的方法，就是在客戶端軟件的任務(wù)不過是顯示及格式化從服務(wù)器取得的信息時(shí)使用

4、網(wǎng)絡(luò)瀏覽器。很多書目檢索系統(tǒng)就是代表性的例子。在網(wǎng)絡(luò)瀏覽器作為客戶端存取一個(gè)已存在的客戶端/服務(wù)器系統(tǒng)的平臺(tái)時(shí)，只有一類系統(tǒng)代碼（HTML和幫助代碼）需要維護(hù)。但對(duì)于其他系統(tǒng)，客戶端軟件在執(zhí)行代表服務(wù)器或用戶的額外任務(wù)的時(shí)候，協(xié)調(diào)機(jī)制需要為基于網(wǎng)絡(luò)瀏覽器的客戶端運(yùn)行這些工作。典型的解決辦法是使用通用網(wǎng)關(guān)接口(CGI)程序。但由于種種原因，這一方法并不理想.。在一個(gè)基于CGI的系統(tǒng)中，所有通常由客戶端處理的任務(wù)必須由CGI程序模擬。因此增加了服務(wù)器的負(fù)擔(dān)。另一種從標(biāo)準(zhǔn)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)瀏覽器獲得客戶端/服務(wù)器應(yīng)用的方法是由Dossick和Kaiser發(fā)明的3。他們提出了一項(xiàng)以HTTP代理連接已存在的客戶端/

5、服務(wù)器網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)的計(jì)劃。HTTP代理攔截HTTP數(shù)據(jù)請(qǐng)求，并使用原始設(shè)定把他們的請(qǐng)求轉(zhuǎn)移向源系統(tǒng)。使用類似于Netscape的嵌入式APIs的瀏覽器專用工具創(chuàng)建客戶端/服務(wù)器系統(tǒng)的基于瀏覽器的客戶端是可行的。不過，使用這種APIs把產(chǎn)生的基于網(wǎng)絡(luò)客戶端軟件的使用限制在了專用平臺(tái)以及專用網(wǎng)絡(luò)瀏覽器上。這種不必要的限制抵消了很多創(chuàng)建基于網(wǎng)絡(luò)客戶端的好處。3. 系統(tǒng)實(shí)施 電子電信研究所(ETRI)開發(fā)了叫做ERIS的可靠性信息系統(tǒng)。它可以使用計(jì)算機(jī)進(jìn)行合成系統(tǒng)的失誤率以及可靠性的計(jì)算4。ERIS的客戶端程序包括由兩個(gè)中立程序組成，他們處于不同的硬件平臺(tái)：工作站以及個(gè)人電腦上。不熟悉UNIX環(huán)境的用戶會(huì)

6、使用時(shí)會(huì)不方便。 需要特別指出的是可靠性軟件工具是由Birolini提出的。為了成為對(duì)用戶有用的軟件，相對(duì)于其它要求，一個(gè)夠大的數(shù)據(jù)庫是非常重要的。在單機(jī)環(huán)境下，用戶可以擁有獨(dú)立的數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)。這將浪費(fèi)計(jì)算機(jī)的資源和時(shí)間。大多數(shù)現(xiàn)有工具都是獨(dú)立的，用戶之間共享數(shù)據(jù)非常不方便?；谏鲜鲈贓RIS測(cè)試中收集的要求和意見，我們?cè)O(shè)定了以下元素：-友好的用戶界面：人機(jī)界面對(duì)于有效處理大量數(shù)據(jù)是非常重要的。同時(shí)他對(duì)理解分析結(jié)果是非常有幫助的。-公開性：信息服務(wù)一定是被廣泛使用的。開放性同樣體現(xiàn)在終端客戶的可靠性信息能夠被此客戶端使用的其他應(yīng)用輕松獲得。-數(shù)據(jù)共享：一旦部分?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)進(jìn)入DBMS，那么此數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)該可以被

7、其他用戶分享。 -用戶管理：用戶信息存儲(chǔ)能夠有效處理增加的用戶。 -安全性：安全設(shè)計(jì)必須被適當(dāng)考慮，以防止設(shè)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)被外界開啟。只有擁有唯一正確的用戶識(shí)別號(hào)碼(ID)和密碼的用戶才能進(jìn)入數(shù)據(jù)庫服務(wù)器?；谏鲜鲆螅珽RIS發(fā)展了以下功能。該系統(tǒng)分為以下兩類：用戶/數(shù)據(jù)庫管理和可靠性分析。我們結(jié)合了連接互聯(lián)網(wǎng)方法以及源客戶端/服務(wù)器結(jié)構(gòu)開發(fā)ERIS。網(wǎng)絡(luò)瀏覽器在顯示及格式化信息時(shí)能夠被所有用戶有效使用。網(wǎng)絡(luò)瀏覽器使用的管理概念適用于ERIS。ERIS允許通過用戶管理提出的網(wǎng)絡(luò)瀏覽器申請(qǐng)。用戶可以通過主頁申請(qǐng)ERIS的使用ID。一旦他/她的ID在用戶數(shù)據(jù)庫注冊(cè)，他/她能夠在任何地方下載ERIS客戶端

8、程序。 ERIS客戶端程序的實(shí)現(xiàn)類似于Windows程序。他們通過利于服務(wù)器的原始客戶端處理專用應(yīng)用功能。他們擁有更好的易存儲(chǔ)性及用戶友好界面，為了合并可靠性學(xué)習(xí)，他們提供了一個(gè)好的查詢給設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)程。服務(wù)器進(jìn)程和客戶端進(jìn)程的聯(lián)系，是符合TCP/IP協(xié)議的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)數(shù)據(jù)要求的。我提供了ERIS的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和客戶端/服務(wù)器結(jié)構(gòu)的組合結(jié)構(gòu)。服務(wù)器擁有CGI和COM兩個(gè)進(jìn)程。CGI組件解決從客戶端網(wǎng)絡(luò)瀏覽器發(fā)出的HTTP請(qǐng)求并返回對(duì)應(yīng)的結(jié)果。COM是管理數(shù)據(jù)請(qǐng)求的聯(lián)系進(jìn)程。有一個(gè)臨時(shí)數(shù)據(jù)庫過濾錯(cuò)誤成分及用戶信息。只有認(rèn)證用戶及信息數(shù)據(jù)才可以被注冊(cè)。服務(wù)器是使用UNIX操作系統(tǒng)的工作站，客戶端則是PC機(jī)。Infor

9、mix數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng)用來管理用戶及數(shù)據(jù)。服務(wù)器進(jìn)程通過ESQL/C語言實(shí)現(xiàn)?？蛻舳顺绦蛲ㄟ^MS Visual C+及Delphi開發(fā)工具進(jìn)行開發(fā)。4. 結(jié)論 ERIS是設(shè)計(jì)工程師和可信度分析家普遍采用的開發(fā)系統(tǒng)。通過結(jié)合互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和繼承客戶端/服務(wù)器結(jié)構(gòu)的概念，我們?cè)谠O(shè)計(jì)引擎的范圍，建立了可迅速理解的可靠性設(shè)計(jì)環(huán)境。通過使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，分發(fā)安裝工具的時(shí)間比以前減少了很多。ERIS同樣可以通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)為其他組織提供服務(wù)。互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的技術(shù)發(fā)展和流行化將激發(fā)傳統(tǒng)基于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)向客戶端/服務(wù)器系統(tǒng)的轉(zhuǎn)變?？萍纪馕奈墨I(xiàn)The Reliability of Internet-Based Information Syst

10、em Summary of papers focused on the reliability of the information system with the wide area network and server structure development. Existing customers of the system and an amendment to the transformation server HTTP task to perform analysis and advanced graphics. At the same time, the article is

11、also on the global information network and the technical background, as well as, client / server systems analysis explained. With systems development, design engineers and reliability analysts can more quickly and easily on an analysis of the reliability of the system. Keywords: information system,

12、WWW, client / server architecture, the reliability of 1. The introduction of information systems have a wide range of practical application, it can be useful for the judge to make a decisive strategy. Is generally believed that the information system is built on the model of the organizational struc

13、ture of a particular data flow. In reliability engineering, researchers in the access and data analysis will be some difficulties. The system development process is the accumulation of data from the majority of analysts to obtain the reliability. In the component data, computer failure rate for each

14、 component, the application-specific data (for example, the importance of the application, function of the number of pins, and so on.) Developers for the design of the system are very important in terms of . Institutions in the organization, client / server architecture has been integrated as a good

15、 way of computer data. With the traditional focus on the computer environment, the client / server environment, users share data, applications, are easier to deal with the process 1. Ability to work depends on the balance of the application of client / server system, an important role. Support the d

16、evelopment of the Internet as an interactive data display and distribution of the means of transmission. Internet client and server interaction in the standardization of information was a great success. Similarly, in the development of client and server software or network protocol, if not require s

17、pecial resources, Internet-based system can quickly create. In this chapter, we explained the Internet-based and client / server technology to achieve the reliability of information systems. Chapter II provides an overview of client / server computing in response to the Internet. Chapter III describ

18、es the reliability of information systems implementation details, and Chapter IV of further study were summarized and discussed. 2. Internet and client / server architecture Client / server structure of the relationship between the two processes can be said to be running a number of tasks in coopera

19、tion. It supports the integrity of information systems and scalability 2. Lyu (1995) demonstrated that the client / server structure of the four advantages: cost reduction, productivity improvement, system life cycle availability of a longer and better. Therefore, client / server system architecture

20、 is considered a viable structure of information systems. With the development of the Internet to achieve client / server structure of the simplest possible way out is the task of the client software is displayed and the format of the information obtained from the server using a web browser. Many bi

21、bliographic retrieval system is the typical example. In a web browser as a client access to an existing client / server platform, only a class of system code (HTML and help code) need to maintain. But for other systems, the client software on behalf of the server in the implementation of additional

22、tasks or users, the co-ordination mechanisms need a web browser-based client to run these jobs. A typical solution is to use the Common Gateway Interface (CGI) program. However, due to various reasons, this approach is not satisfactory. In a CGI-based system, all are usually handled by the client ta

23、sk must be simulated by the CGI program. Increase the burden on the server. Another from the standard Internet browser access to client / server applications is invented by the Dossick and Kaiser 3. They have put forward a HTTP proxy to connect to the existing client / server network system. HTTP pr

24、oxy to intercept HTTP requests for data and use the original set of requests for their transfer to the source system. The use of APIs is similar to Netscapes embedded browser-specific tools to create client / server system, browser-based client is feasible. However, the use of such APIs generated by

25、 the Web-based client software to limit the use of a proprietary platform, as well as a dedicated web browser. Unnecessary restrictions which offset a lot of clients to create Web-based benefits. 3. System Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI) has developed ERIS is called the

26、reliability of information systems. It can be synthesized using a computer system failure rate and reliability of the calculation 4. ERIS clients include procedures by the two neutral components, they are different hardware platforms: workstations and personal computers. Not familiar with the UNIX e

27、nvironment, users will be inconvenient to use. Needs to be noted that the reliability of software tools made by Birolini. In order to become useful to the user software, as opposed to other requirements, a large enough database is very important. In stand-alone environment, the user can have an inde

28、pendent data storage. This will be a waste of computer resources and time. Most existing tools are independent, to share data between users inconvenient. Based on the above in the ERIS test requirements and the views collected, we set the following elements: - Friendly user interface: man-machine in

29、terface for the effective handling large amounts of data is very important. At the same time, his understanding of the results of the analysis is very helpful. - Openness: information services must be widely used. Open the same end-users in the reliability of the information can be used in the clien

30、t easy access to other applications. - Data sharing: Once part of the data into the DBMS, then this data should be shared by other users. - User Management: User information is stored can effectively deal with the increase in users. - Security: safe design must be appropriate to consider the design

31、data in order to prevent the outside world open. Only those with only the correct user identification number (ID) and password of the user to enter the database server. Based on the above-mentioned requirements, ERIS functions of the development of the following. The system is divided into the follo

32、wing two categories: user / database management and reliability analysis. We are a combination of methods to connect to the Internet as well as the source client / server structure of the development of ERIS. Web browser in the display and formatting information can be used effectively for all users

33、. Web browser management concepts used for ERIS. ERIS allows management through the users web browser application. Home users can apply for ERIS through the use of ID. Once his / her registration ID in the user database, he / she can be in any place to download the client program ERIS. ERISs the rea

34、lization of client similar to Windows program. Conducive to the server through the client to deal with the original function-specific applications. They have a better and easy to store a user-friendly interface, in order to merge the reliability of learning, provide them with a good query to the design process. Server process and client processes is in line with the TCP / IP protocol standard data requirements. ERIS provides me with Internet and client / server architecture of the composite structure. CGI and COM servers have two processes. CGI solution components from a web