簡(jiǎn)單句基本句型

1、句子成分與句子結(jié)構(gòu)句子成分與句子結(jié)構(gòu)成分成分意義意義充當(dāng)詞類充當(dāng)詞類例句例句主語主語表示句子說的是什么人表示句子說的是什么人或什么事或什么事名，代，數(shù)，不名，代，數(shù)，不定式，動(dòng)名詞，定式，動(dòng)名詞，短語或句子短語或句子We study in Longchang No. 1 Middle School.謂語謂語說明主語做什么，是什說明主語做什么，是什么或怎么樣么或怎么樣動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組She is dancing under the tree.賓語賓語表示動(dòng)作行為的對(duì)象表示動(dòng)作行為的對(duì)象同主語同主語Both of us like English.表語表語與系動(dòng)詞連用，一起與系動(dòng)詞連用，

2、一起構(gòu)成謂語，說明主語的構(gòu)成謂語，說明主語的性質(zhì)或特征性質(zhì)或特征同主語同主語Her father is a chemist.His words sound reasonable.定語定語用來修飾名詞或代詞用來修飾名詞或代詞形形, 代代, 數(shù)數(shù), 名名, 副，副，介詞短語或句子介詞短語或句子We have eight lessons every day.狀語狀語修飾動(dòng)詞，形容詞，副修飾動(dòng)詞，形容詞，副詞，表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)詞，表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，原因，間，地點(diǎn)，原因，目的，方式，結(jié)果等目的，方式，結(jié)果等副詞，介詞短語副詞，介詞短語或句子或句子He works very hard.They h

3、eld a party in Hollywood.賓語賓語補(bǔ)足語補(bǔ)足語邏輯上與賓語是主謂關(guān)邏輯上與賓語是主謂關(guān)系系形容詞，名詞，形容詞，名詞，介詞短語等介詞短語等She always keeps the house clean.主語謂語是基礎(chǔ)，賓表定狀補(bǔ)輔助。主語謂語是基礎(chǔ)，賓表定狀補(bǔ)輔助。賓主來自名代數(shù)，動(dòng)詞作謂不可無！賓主來自名代數(shù)，動(dòng)詞作謂不可無！ 句句子子結(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)分分類類 簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句 Simple Sentences 含有一個(gè)主語（或并含有一個(gè)主語（或并列主語）和一個(gè)謂語（或列主語）和一個(gè)謂語（或并列謂語）的句子。并列謂語）的句子。 并列句并列句 Compound Sentences

4、 包含兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上包含兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子且句子之主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子且句子之間有并列連詞間有并列連詞and/but等或等或用分號(hào)連接。用分號(hào)連接。 復(fù)合句復(fù)合句 Complex Sentences 包含一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)包含一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)從句或一個(gè)主句和多個(gè)從從句或一個(gè)主句和多個(gè)從句的句子，且從句用從屬句的句子，且從句用從屬連詞引導(dǎo)。連詞引導(dǎo)。1. He learns German. 2. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.3. We sang and danced yesterday evening.4. My brother and I go t

5、o school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at five in the afternoon. （一個(gè)主語和并列謂語一個(gè)主語和并列謂語）（并列主語和并列謂語并列主語和并列謂語）（并列主語和一個(gè)謂語并列主語和一個(gè)謂語）（一個(gè)主語和一個(gè)謂語一個(gè)主語和一個(gè)謂語）1. 主語主語+系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞+表語（表語（ S+Link.V+P ），），說明主語的特征、類屬、狀態(tài)、身份。說明主語的特征、類屬、狀態(tài)、身份。You are students.Lily is in the classroom.I am your good frie

6、nd, arent I? 系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞狀態(tài)：狀態(tài)：be ,seem, appear, prove/turn out 感官：感官：smell, feel, taste, sound, look 持續(xù)：持續(xù)：remain, stay, keep, continue變化：變化：become, get, turn, go, come, grow, fall （有進(jìn)行無被動(dòng)）（有進(jìn)行無被動(dòng)）無進(jìn)行無被動(dòng)無進(jìn)行無被動(dòng)beautifulsurprisedtoareseemswent Correct mistakes:1. Her voice sounds beautifully.2. The whole c

7、ompany was surprising at the news. 3. To see is believe.4. It seem like a good idea.5. The lights still on.6. All the potatoes changed bad.7. Jim was remained a worker.8.His life is becoming more badly ._worse即興操練即興操練1.你是我最不想見到的人。你是我最不想見到的人。You are the last person I want to see .2.她是我的掌上明珠。她是我的掌上明珠。

8、She is the apple of my eye .3.小菜一碟。小菜一碟。Its a piece of cake .4.李明越長(zhǎng)越高了。李明越長(zhǎng)越高了。Li Ming is growing taller and taller .2.主語主語+不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞 ( S + Vi. )Our school lies on the bank of a river.注：不及物動(dòng)詞不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。注：不及物動(dòng)詞不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 The car accident was happened yesterday.My brother will graduate next year.The bus

9、 stopped.即興操練即興操練1.會(huì)議持續(xù)了兩個(gè)小時(shí)。會(huì)議持續(xù)了兩個(gè)小時(shí)。The meeting lasted (for) two hours .2.秋天有些鳥兒飛到南方去。秋天有些鳥兒飛到南方去。Some birds fly to the south in autumn .3.我的爺爺早晨起得很早。我的爺爺早晨起得很早。My grandpa gets up/rises very early in the morning.4.昨晚他家爆發(fā)了一場(chǎng)火災(zāi)。昨晚他家爆發(fā)了一場(chǎng)火災(zāi)。A fire broke out in his house last night .3.主語主語+及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞+賓

10、語（賓語（S+Vt+O） I like my job very much. What do you want in the future ? Each of you has a dream . 注：及物動(dòng)詞必須緊跟賓語否則就要用注：及物動(dòng)詞必須緊跟賓語否則就要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)A great deal of water is used in that city by people.People use a great deal of water in that city.（主動(dòng)語態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)）（被動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)）即興操練即興操練1.昨晚我寫了一封信。昨晚我寫了一封信。I wrote a lett

11、er last night .2.他的女兒還不會(huì)自己穿衣服。他的女兒還不會(huì)自己穿衣服。His daughter cant dress herself .3.老師指出了我作文中的錯(cuò)誤。老師指出了我作文中的錯(cuò)誤。My/The teacher pointed out my mistake in my composition .4.她兒子喜歡開著窗戶睡覺。她兒子喜歡開著窗戶睡覺。Her son likes sleeping with the window open .1.Is this raincoat yours? No, mine_ there behind the door.A. is hang

12、ing B. is hung C. hangs D. was hung 2. _ your head, and youll see the sun_ now. A. Raise; rising B. Rise; rising C. To raise, rising D. Lift; being risen 3. More than a dozen students in that school_ abroad to study medicine last year. A. sent B. were sent C. had sent D. had been sent4. The heros st

13、ory_ differently in the newspaper. A. was reported B. was reporting C. reports D. reported4.主語主語+及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語間接賓語(sb)+直接賓語直接賓語(sth) (S+Vt+Oi+Od) Who can find the eraser for me? Pass the eraser to me.Who can find me the eraser?Pass me the eraser. 注意：注意：間賓在前間賓在前,直賓緊跟在后直賓緊跟在后;若交換位置則加若交換位置則加to或或for 如：如

14、： He brings cookies to me every day. She made a beautiful dress for me. 常跟雙賓語的動(dòng)詞有：常跟雙賓語的動(dòng)詞有：1 bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask（+sb sth / sth to sb)2 buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare（+sb sth / sth f

15、or sb)用用to側(cè)重指動(dòng)作的方向，表示側(cè)重指動(dòng)作的方向，表示朝著，向著，對(duì)著朝著，向著，對(duì)著某人；某人；用用for 側(cè)重指動(dòng)作的受益者，側(cè)重指動(dòng)作的受益者，表示表示為了為了某人，某人，替替某人。某人。即興操練即興操練1.我會(huì)替你叫一輛出租車。我會(huì)替你叫一輛出租車。I will call a taxi for you .2.這種機(jī)器會(huì)為你節(jié)約很多時(shí)間。這種機(jī)器會(huì)為你節(jié)約很多時(shí)間。This kind of machine will save you a lot of time .3.劉謙向我們展示了一種新的魔術(shù)。劉謙向我們展示了一種新的魔術(shù)。Liu Qian showed us a new k

16、ind of magic .4.請(qǐng)把那本字典遞給我。請(qǐng)把那本字典遞給我。Please pass that dictionary to me . We saw him jump into the box.We saw them dancing.We saw him knocked down.5.主語主語+及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞+賓語賓語+賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ)(S+Vt+O+C) 注：可用作賓補(bǔ)的詞有：名詞、形容詞、注：可用作賓補(bǔ)的詞有：名詞、形容詞、 副詞、介詞短語、副詞、介詞短語、動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞分詞。即興操練即興操練1.我將絕不會(huì)讓你失望我將絕不會(huì)讓你失望 。I will never let you

17、 down .2.前幾天我看到你在操場(chǎng)上踢足球。前幾天我看到你在操場(chǎng)上踢足球。I saw you playing football on the playground the other day .3.學(xué)校建議我們學(xué)生積極參加社會(huì)實(shí)踐。學(xué)校建議我們學(xué)生積極參加社會(huì)實(shí)踐。The school advises us students to take an active part in social practice .4.我們應(yīng)該使世界變成一個(gè)更好的居住的地方我們應(yīng)該使世界變成一個(gè)更好的居住的地方We should make the world a better place to live in

18、.1.Dont leave the water_ while you brush your teeth. A. run B. running C. being run D. to run2. You should understand the traffic rule by now. Youve had it_ often enough. A. explaining B. to explain C. explain D. explained3. My daughter encouraged_ a summer course to improve my writing skills. A. fo

19、r me taking B. me taking C. for me to take D. me to take4. Is Bob still performing? Im afraid not. He is said_ the stage already as he has become an official. A. to have left B. to leave C. to be leaving D. that he had left簡(jiǎn)簡(jiǎn)單單句句的的基基本本句句型型1.主語主語+系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞+表語表語2.主語主語+不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞 3.主語主語+及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞+賓語賓語4.主語主

20、語+及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語間接賓語 +直接賓語直接賓語5.主語主語+及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞+賓語賓語 +賓語補(bǔ)足語賓語補(bǔ)足語Summary除了基本句型的成分不變外，通常是在這些成分的前面或除了基本句型的成分不變外，通常是在這些成分的前面或后面增加一些修飾語而加以擴(kuò)大增加句子長(zhǎng)度和難度；常后面增加一些修飾語而加以擴(kuò)大增加句子長(zhǎng)度和難度；常見于單選題、閱讀、和改錯(cuò)題中。這些修飾語可以是單詞見于單選題、閱讀、和改錯(cuò)題中。這些修飾語可以是單詞（主要是形容詞、副詞和數(shù)詞），也可以是各種類型的短（主要是形容詞、副詞和數(shù)詞），也可以是各種類型的短語（主要是介詞短語、不定式短語和分詞短語）。下面以語（主要是介詞

21、短語、不定式短語和分詞短語）。下面以基本句型五（基本句型五（v+o+o.c）為例：）為例：We found the hall full.We found the great hall full of students and teachers.We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report.We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report made

22、 by an editor from the Peoples Daily on current affairs in East Europe.There be 句型句型表示某時(shí)或某地表示某時(shí)或某地有有某人或某物時(shí)要用某人或某物時(shí)要用there be 句型。句型。其結(jié)構(gòu)為：其結(jié)構(gòu)為：There+ be +sb/sth +(非謂語非謂語V)+在某地在某地+在某時(shí)在某時(shí)（狀）謂語（狀）謂語 主語主語 定語定語 狀語狀語注意與注意與have 的區(qū)別：表某人或某物的區(qū)別：表某人或某物有有什么用什么用Sb / Sth have sth.There be 句型的表現(xiàn)形式如下句型的表現(xiàn)形式如下 現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在有有

23、There is/are 過去過去有有 There was/were 將來將來有有 There will/is going to be. 現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有有 There has/have been 可能可能有有 There might be. 肯定肯定有有 There must be. 過去曾經(jīng)過去曾經(jīng)有有 There used to be 似乎似乎有有 There seems/seem/seemed to be 碰巧碰巧有有 There happen/happens/happened to beThere be句型中的句型中的be動(dòng)詞可以替換為以下動(dòng)詞可以替換為以下不及物動(dòng)不及物動(dòng)詞詞：l

24、ive， stand ，lie, exist，remain, come，go，follow, sit Once upon a time，there lived a fisherman on the island.There came a knock at the door.At the top of the hill there stands an old temple.即興操練即興操練1.一年有一年有365天。天。There are 365 days in a year .2.上周我們學(xué)校有一場(chǎng)精彩的足球賽。上周我們學(xué)校有一場(chǎng)精彩的足球賽。There was an exciting foot

25、ball game in our school last week .3.我家門前曾經(jīng)有兩棵蘋果樹。我家門前曾經(jīng)有兩棵蘋果樹。There used to be two apple trees in front of my house .4.我們班又有十個(gè)學(xué)生通過了體檢。我們班又有十個(gè)學(xué)生通過了體檢。There are another ten students passing the physical examination in our class.翻翻 譯譯 練練 習(xí)習(xí)1 1、在過去的幾年，我的家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。、在過去的幾年，我的家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。Great changes hav

26、e taken place in my hometown in the past few years.2、去年王老師教我們的英語。、去年王老師教我們的英語。 Mr. Wang taught us English last year. 祝你開心每一天祝你開心每一天Wish you happiness every day.3、當(dāng)時(shí)我看到那些孩子在河邊玩。、當(dāng)時(shí)我看到那些孩子在河邊玩。 I saw the kids playing by the river at that time. 4 4、政府必須立刻采取強(qiáng)有力的措施來阻止這條河受、政府必須立刻采取強(qiáng)有力的措施來阻止這條河受到污染。到污染。The

27、 government should take strong measures immediately to prevent the river from being polluted. 或或Strong measures should be taken immediately by the government to prevent the river from being polluted.5、我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他是一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的人。、我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他是一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的人。 We found him an honest person. 6、昨天她父親給她買了一輛自行車作為生日禮物。、昨天她父親給她買了一輛自行車作為

28、生日禮物。 Yesterday her father bought her a bicycle as a birthday present. 7、她失去了在舞臺(tái)上露面的機(jī)會(huì)。、她失去了在舞臺(tái)上露面的機(jī)會(huì)。 She lost the chance to show /turn up on the stage. 8、在冬天的時(shí)候，這種食物吃起來很糟糕。、在冬天的時(shí)候，這種食物吃起來很糟糕。 This kind of food tastes terrible in winter.9、學(xué)生們學(xué)習(xí)很努力。、學(xué)生們學(xué)習(xí)很努力。 The students work very hard. 10、有有個(gè)老人靜靜地

29、坐在附近的一個(gè)板凳上。個(gè)老人靜靜地坐在附近的一個(gè)板凳上。 There was an old man sitting quietly on a bench nearby. 11、有有百分之七十的學(xué)生支持我們的計(jì)劃。百分之七十的學(xué)生支持我們的計(jì)劃。There are 70 percent of the students supporting / for our plan.12、為了我們的健康，我們需要自己找到辦法來緩、為了我們的健康，我們需要自己找到辦法來緩解我們學(xué)習(xí)或工作的壓力。解我們學(xué)習(xí)或工作的壓力。For our health, we need to find ways to relieve

30、 our pressure from study or work.13、他是一個(gè)很有學(xué)問的人。我們都很欣賞他。、他是一個(gè)很有學(xué)問的人。我們都很欣賞他。 He is a learned / knowledgeable person . We all admire him very much. 相相 關(guān)關(guān) 練練 習(xí)習(xí)1.Whom would you rather_ the car? My father. A. have fix B. have to fix C. had fix D. have to be fixed2.Was it 8 oclock _you heard someone_ at

31、the door? A. when; knocking B. when; knock C. that; knocking D. that; knock3.Was it in the room_ Mr. John lived _ the exhibition was held? A. that; that B. where; where C. that; where D. where; that4.Is _ you want to say? Yes,_ thats all I know. A. all what; yet B. which all; unless C. that all; D. all that; so5.Was it not until 1920_ regular radio broadcasts began? A. while B. which C. that D. since6._the house Mr. Zhang has been broken into? A. When was it that B. When has C. Has D. Had7.Did_ she was chosen make her v