理論力學(xué)單詞WordsandExpressions

1、Sc-Te Words and Expressions used in Theoretical MechanicsAlphabet IndexAacceleration-due-to-gravity重力加速度acceleration加速度accommodate調(diào)和,調(diào)整addition合成aerodynamics空氣動(dòng)力學(xué)aerodynamic空氣阻力algebra代數(shù)學(xué)align成一行amplitude振幅analytically解析法angular-impulse角沖量angular-momentum角動(dòng)量angular-velocity角速度application應(yīng)用apply施加,使用

2、approach途徑,趨近,方法arc-coordinates弧坐標(biāo)axis軸Bbearing軸承,支撐面bit鉆頭bolt螺栓Ccam 凸輪cancel抵消,中和cantilever懸臂Cartesian-coordinate笛卡兒坐標(biāo)系cast-iron鑄鐵center-of-gravity重心center-of-mass質(zhì)心central-force向心力centroid形心chain-rule-of-differentiation鏈導(dǎo)法則circular-frequency圓頻率clockwise(CW)順時(shí)針clutch離合器coefficient系數(shù)collar套筒collect提

3、?。ü蚴剑ヽollinear共線combine motion復(fù)合運(yùn)動(dòng)combine合并同類項(xiàng),聯(lián)立complementary-solution通解component分量,構(gòu)成元件composite-body組合體composite-motion復(fù)合運(yùn)動(dòng)concept概念concurrent匯交的cone圓錐conic-section圓錐曲線conservation-of-momentum動(dòng)量守恒conservation守恒conservative-force保守力consistent with.與保持一致constants（const.）常數(shù)contour等高線,參照線constraint

4、約束conventional慣例的 convention約定,慣例的convert- conversion轉(zhuǎn)化coplanar共面的Coriolis-acceleration科氏加速度corresponding相應(yīng)的Coulomb's-law-of-friction庫侖摩擦定律counterclockwise(CCW)逆時(shí)針couple(s)力偶crank曲柄cross-product叉乘法curvature曲率curved-surface曲面cycloid擺線cylinder圓柱,汽缸Dd'Alembert's-principle達(dá)朗貝爾原理damped-vibrat

5、ion衰減振動(dòng)damp潮濕的,阻尼,衰減的dashed虛線的deduce推演，證明deformation形變degrees-of-freedom自由度density密度derivate求導(dǎo)derivative導(dǎo)數(shù)determinant行列式detrimental有害的diagonal對(duì)角線differential-differentiation微分dimension量綱,度量單位,維direction-cosine方向余弦direction方向displacement位移distributed-load分布載荷dot-product點(diǎn)乘法dynamics動(dòng)力學(xué)Eeccentricity 偏心距

6、,離心率ellipse橢圓elongation（彈簧等）伸長(zhǎng)量equal-sign等號(hào)equation-of-motion運(yùn)動(dòng)方程equilibrium平衡equipotential-surfaces等勢(shì)面equivalence等價(jià)equivalent等同的expand（多項(xiàng)式）展開exponent指數(shù)Ffinite限定的，有限的finite element method  有限元方法formula公式Fourier-series傅立葉級(jí)數(shù)frequency頻率friction摩擦Ggradient梯度graphically圖解法gravitation引力gravity重力Hhard

7、-steel高碳鋼harmonic-motion諧運(yùn)動(dòng)helix-helical螺旋hinge門絞,鉸鏈homogeneous均勻的,齊次的 horizontal水平的hub輪轂humidity濕度hyperbola雙曲線Iidentity恒等式illustrate舉例說明impact碰撞impending臨界的impulse沖量incline傾斜indicate=locate標(biāo)明Inertial-Reference-Frame慣性系inertia慣性，慣量infinitesimal無窮小infinite無窮的initial-initially初始的initial-condition初始條件i

8、nstant瞬時(shí)integral-integration積分interchangeability可交換的interval間隔inverse倒數(shù)invert反解investigate研究invoke調(diào)用Jjack千斤頂joint=node結(jié)合,節(jié)joule焦耳Kkey鍵，鍵槽kinematics運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)kinetic-energy動(dòng)能kinetics=dynamics動(dòng)力學(xué)LLaw-of-cosine余弦定理Law-of-sine正弦定理linear-vibration線振動(dòng)line-segment線段load-intensity載荷強(qiáng)度load載荷lubricate潤(rùn)滑Mmagnitude量值大

9、小mass質(zhì)量matrix矩陣mean-radius中徑mechanical-energy機(jī)械能mechanics力學(xué)mild-steel低碳鋼misalignment未對(duì)準(zhǔn)moment-arm矩臂moment-of-momentum(angular momentum)動(dòng)量矩momentum(linear momentum)動(dòng)量moment矩multiply乘法mutually相互的Nnatural-frequency固有頻率negative負(fù)的negotiate=pass通過,越過non-collinear不共線的non-coplanar不共面的non-homogeneous非齊次non-i

10、nertial-reference-frame非慣性系normal法向的numerical數(shù)值的nut螺母Oobtain解得omitting忽略operator計(jì)算符,算子ordinary-differentiation常微分orthogonal-component正交分量outcome（最終）結(jié)果Pparabolic拋物線parallel-axis-theorem平行軸定理parallelogram-law平四法則parallel平行parameter參數(shù)partial-differentiation偏微分particle質(zhì)點(diǎn)particular-solution特解path-coordin

11、ate自然坐標(biāo)系pedal踏板pendulum擺period周期perpendicular垂直的phase相位pitch螺距plane平面plank鋪板plot圖像plus加上,正的polar-coordinate極坐標(biāo)position-vector位矢positive正的postulate=assume假設(shè)potential-energy勢(shì)能preceding先前的preclude=exclude排除preliminary 預(yù)備的principle-of-change-of-momentum動(dòng)量定理principle-of-work-and-energy動(dòng)能定理principle原理proc

12、edure=step步驟projectile拋體 projection投影property性質(zhì)proportional成比例的pulley滑輪Rradian弧度制radii= radius半徑radius-of-gyration回轉(zhuǎn)半徑rate-of-change變化率rectangular- component正交分量rectangular矩形rectilinear直線運(yùn)動(dòng)reduce-reduction化簡(jiǎn)repel排斥resistance阻力resolve-resolution分解resonance共振resonance共振respectively =separately各自的resto

13、ring-force回復(fù)力restrict- restriction約束resultant合力resultant moment 合力矩right-angle直角rigid body 剛體rim 輪緣,沿輪緣(滾動(dòng))rotate-rotation旋轉(zhuǎn)Ssample示例scalar標(biāo)量scale天平,磅秤screwdriver螺絲刀screw螺絲second-order-differentiation二階微分section部件,截面sector扇形self lock自鎖shaft連桿,軸simple-pendulum單擺simultaneously同時(shí)地solve the equations si

14、multaneously聯(lián)立求解方程式skid=brake制動(dòng)slack松弛,縫隙slope斜度,斜率slot滑槽socket插槽,嵌槽speed速率(s)spool線框,線軸stability穩(wěn)定性statics靜力學(xué)steer=drive操縱,駕駛stiffness勁度系數(shù)subscript下標(biāo)substantially充分的substitute-substituting取代subtract=subtraction減法sufficient-and-necessary-condition充要條件summation求和superposition疊加survey測(cè)量,調(diào)查suspend懸掛sym

15、metry對(duì)稱Ttangent-tangential切向(的)Taylor-series泰勒級(jí)數(shù)tendency傾向term術(shù)語theorem定理法則thread螺紋thrust插入tip尖端,翻倒tire=tyre輪胎torque扭矩traction牽引trajectory=path軌跡transfer-couple附加力偶translate平動(dòng)transport牽連的triangle三角triple矢量混合積tripod三腳架truss桁架Uuniform=homogeneous均勻的universal-joint萬向節(jié)unwind繃緊的,伸直的Vvalidate驗(yàn)證(有效)vector矢

16、量velocity速度(v)versus對(duì),比vertex-angle頂角vertical垂直virtual-work虛功vise虎鉗Wwarrant=guarantee保證watt瓦特wear磨損wedge楔weld焊接winch絞盤wrench扳手,力螺旋Yyield服從（定律）Classified Index AlgebraAlgebra代數(shù)學(xué)approach途徑,趨近，方法equal-sign等號(hào)equivalence等價(jià)equivalent等同的formula公式identity恒等式operator計(jì)算符,算子positive正的negative負(fù)的plus加上,正的minus減去

17、,負(fù)的coefficient系數(shù)constants常數(shù)parameter參數(shù)exponent指數(shù)inverse倒數(shù)multiply=time乘法subtract=subtraction減法arc-coordinates弧坐標(biāo)Cartesian-coordinate笛卡兒坐標(biāo)系polar-coordinate極坐標(biāo)path-coordinate自然坐標(biāo)系cross-product叉乘法dot-product點(diǎn)乘法triple矢量混合積matrix矩陣determinant行列式dimension維,量綱,度量單位 rate-of-change變化率derivative導(dǎo)數(shù)derivate求導(dǎo)ch

18、ain-rule-of-differentiation鏈導(dǎo)法則integral-integration積分differential -differentiation微分ordinary-differentiation常微分partial-differentiation偏微分second-order-differentiation二階微分differential-equation微分方程homogeneous齊次的non-homogeneous非齊次的complementary-solution通解particular-solution特解initial-condition初始條件Fourier

19、-series傅立葉級(jí)數(shù)Taylor-series泰勒級(jí)數(shù)gradient梯度direction-cosine方向余弦infinitesimal無窮小numerical數(shù)值的plot圖像proportional成比例的slope斜度,斜率Geometry cone圓錐cylinder圓柱rectangular矩形triangle三角sector扇形conic-section圓錐曲線ellipse橢圓hyperbola雙曲線parabolic拋物線cycloid擺線eccentricity 偏心距,離心率helix-helical螺旋line-segment線段projection投影radii

20、= radius半徑right-angle直角vertex-angle頂角plane平面section截面diagonal對(duì)角線centroid形心symmetry對(duì)稱curvature曲率curved-surface曲面Law-of-cosine余弦定理Law-of-sine正弦定理Basic Concepts & Termsconcept概念aerodynamics空氣動(dòng)力學(xué)mechanics力學(xué)statics靜力學(xué)kinematics運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)kinetics=dynamics動(dòng)力學(xué)Inertial-Reference-Frame慣性系non-inertial-reference-f

21、rame非慣性系inertia慣性，慣量mass質(zhì)量particle質(zhì)點(diǎn)rigid剛體center-of-gravity重心center-of-mass質(zhì)心restriction約束couple(s)力偶transfer-couple附加力偶wrench力螺旋aerodynamic空氣阻力central-force向心力friction摩擦力resistance阻力gravitation引力gravity重力resultant合力conservative-force保守力moment矩moment-arm矩臂orthogonal-component正交分量rectangular- compon

22、ent正交分量stiffness勁度系數(shù)elongation（彈簧等）伸長(zhǎng)量torque扭矩scalar標(biāo)量vector矢量position-vector位矢direction方向displacement位移acceleration加速度acceleration-due-to-gravity重力加速度Coriolis-acceleration科氏加速度combine motion復(fù)合運(yùn)動(dòng)composite-motion復(fù)合運(yùn)動(dòng)degrees-of-freedom自由度equation-of-motion運(yùn)動(dòng)方程rectilinear直線運(yùn)動(dòng)translate平動(dòng)rotate-rotation轉(zhuǎn)

23、動(dòng)trajectory=path軌跡composite-body組合體projectile拋體 deformation形變density密度equilibrium平衡load載荷distributed-load分布載荷load-intensity載荷強(qiáng)度stability穩(wěn)定性self lock自鎖velocity速度(v) angular-impulse角沖量angular-momentum角動(dòng)量angular-velocity角速度circular-frequency圓頻率impulse沖量momentum動(dòng)量moment-of-momentum動(dòng)量矩kinetic-energy動(dòng)能pot

24、ential-energy勢(shì)能mechanical-energy機(jī)械能parallel-axis-theorem平行軸定理parallelogram-law平四法則principle-of-change-of-momentum動(dòng)量定理principle-of-work-and-energy動(dòng)能定理conservation守恒conservation-of-momentum動(dòng)量守恒equipotential-surfaces等勢(shì)面radius-of-gyration回轉(zhuǎn)半徑virtual-work虛功amplitude振幅damped-vibration衰減振動(dòng)damp潮濕的,阻尼,衰減的fre

25、quency頻率harmonic-motion諧運(yùn)動(dòng)linear-vibration線振動(dòng)natural-frequency固有頻率pendulum擺period周期phase相位restoring-force回復(fù)力resonance共振Common Mechanism & Structure axis軸bearing軸承,支撐面bit鉆頭bolt螺栓cam 凸輪cantilever懸臂clutch離合器collar套筒crank曲柄cylinder汽缸，液壓柱hinge門絞,鉸鏈hub輪轂jack千斤頂joint=node結(jié)合,節(jié)key鍵，鍵槽mean-radius中徑nut螺母pe

26、dal踏板pitch螺距plank鋪板pulley滑輪rim 輪緣scale天平,磅秤screwdriver螺絲刀screw螺絲shaft連桿,軸simple-pendulum單擺slack松弛,縫隙slot滑槽socket插槽,嵌槽spool線框,線軸thread螺紋tip尖端tire=tyre輪胎tripod三腳架truss桁架universal-joint萬向節(jié)vise虎鉗wedge楔winch絞盤wrench扳手Keywords in Solutionsaccommodate調(diào)和,調(diào)整according to依據(jù)（定理）analytically解析法的graphically圖解法的ap

27、plication應(yīng)用sample示例apply施加,使用invoke調(diào)用postulate=assume假設(shè)preclude=exclude排除approach途徑principle原理theorem定理法則property性質(zhì)procedure=step步驟deduce推演，證明illustrate舉例說明indicate=locate標(biāo)明validate驗(yàn)證(有效)warrant=guarantee保證yield服從（定律）reduce-reduction化簡(jiǎn)resolve-resolution分解addition合成superposition疊加projection投影cancel抵消

28、,中和collect提?。ü蚴剑ヽombine合并同類項(xiàng),聯(lián)立expand（多項(xiàng)式）展開summation求和invert反解substitute-substituting取代convert- conversion轉(zhuǎn)化obtain解得outcome（最終）結(jié)果initial=initially初始的conventional慣例的 convention約定,慣例的corresponding相應(yīng)的finite限定的infinite無窮的respectively =separately各自的，分別的preliminary 預(yù)備的simultaneously同時(shí)地，聯(lián)立substantially充分

29、的interchangeability可交換的sufficient-and-necessary-condition充要條件omitting忽略subscript下標(biāo)State Descriptionalign成一行misalignment未對(duì)準(zhǔn)clockwise(CW)順時(shí)針counterclockwise(CCW)逆時(shí)針collinear共線coplanar共面的noncollinear不共線的noncoplanar不共面的component分量,構(gòu)成元件resultant合力，合成量horizontal水平的incline傾斜vertical鉛垂的perpendicular垂直的paral

30、lel平行normal法向的tangent-tangential切向(的)concurrent匯交的initial=initially初始的final末態(tài)的instant瞬時(shí)impending臨界的interval間隔magnitude量值大小direction方向sense 方向mutually相互的uniform=homogeneous均勻的unwind繃緊的,伸直的contour等高線,參照線negotiate=pass通過,越過repel排斥skid=brake制動(dòng)suspend懸掛tendency傾向thrust插入wear磨損weld焊接Interchangeable Wordsa

31、pply =invoke調(diào)用，使用indicate=locate標(biāo)明joint=node結(jié)合,節(jié)kinetics=dynamics動(dòng)力學(xué)negotiate=pass通過,越過postulate=assume假設(shè)preclude=exclude排除procedure=step步驟radii= radius半徑rectangular-component=orthogonal-component正交分量respectively =separately各自地steer=drive操縱,駕駛tire=tyre輪胎uniform=homogeneous均勻的warrant=guarantee保證Abbre

32、viationCCW=counterclockwise逆時(shí)針CW=clockwise順時(shí)針FBD=Free-body-diagramMAD=Force-acceleration-diagramconst=constant常數(shù)，恒量rev=revolution 轉(zhuǎn)數(shù)deg=degree度數(shù)A.M.=absolute-motionR.M.=relative-motionT.M.=transport-motionDOF=degree-of-freedom自由度數(shù)IRF= Inertial-Reference-Frame慣性系Othersaxiom 公理theorem定理law定律principle原理sequence, inference, deduction推論definition定義conclusion結(jié)論convention約定hypothesis假設(shè)equation方程equality等式inequality不等式formula, formulas / formulae公式formulation（集合名詞）公式 assumption假設(shè)significant digit有效數(shù)字integral整數(shù)fra