人教版八年級英語下冊各單元語法點匯總

1、精品文格Unit 1 What 'the matter?一、詢問某人的健康問運及遭到麻煩的表達方法(1)詢問某人患了何種疾病或遇到了何種麻煩時，常用以下幾種結構來表達：What's the matter (with sb. )?(某人)怎么 了 ？What's wrong (with sb. )?(某人)怎么 了 ？Whafs the trouble (with sb. )?(某人)出什么事了 ？Whathappened (to sb. )?(某人)發(fā)生了什么事？Are you OK?爾沒事吧？Is there anything wrong with sb. ?某人有什

2、么事嗎？(2)要表達身體疼痛或不舒服，可用以下結構：某人+have/has+病癥.The twins have colds .雙胞胎感冒 了。某人 +have/has+a+headache/toothache/stomachache/backache/earache.She had a stomachache last night.她昨晚肚子痛。 某人 +have/has+a+sore+ 發(fā)病部位.Hehasasore throat.他喉嚨痛。 某人+hurt(s)+身體部位或反身代詞.Hehurt his leg.他的腿受傷了。某部位+hurt(s).Myhead hurts badly .

3、我頭痛得厲害。 某人 +have/has+a pain+in on e's+身體部位， I have a pa in in my chest.我胸口痛。(There is)something wrong with one's+身體部位.There is something wrong with my right eye .我的右眼有毛病。其他表達方式She has a heart trouble .她有心臟病。Hegot hit on the head他頭部受至ij 了撞擊。She cut her finger.她割破手指了。二情態(tài)動詞should的用法1. Should為情態(tài)

4、動詞，意為“應該；應當"，否定式為shouldn',其后接動詞原形，無人稱和數(shù)的變化。常用來表示征詢意 見、建議、勸告、要求或義務等。You should drink hot water w讓h honey .你應該喝加有蜂蜜的開水。Heshould put his head back他應該把頭后仰。Weshould try our best to help him.我們應當盡力去幫助他。Youshouldn 't watch TV.你不應該看電視。2. Should用于主語為第一人稱的疑問句，表示征詢意見。Should I put somemedicine on計？

5、我應當給它敷上藥 嗎？Should wetell her about讓？我們應該告訴她這件事嗎？【拓展】在英語中，表示建議的說法有很多，而且都是中考考查的重點。主要結構有： Would you like (to do) sth . ?你想要/愿意(做)某事嗎？Would you like to play basketball with me?爾想要和我一起打籃球嗎？Shall l/we do sth ?我/我們做“好嗎？Shall we go to the zoo tomorrow?明天我們?nèi)游飯@,好嗎? Whynot do sth ?為什么不”呢？Why not join us?為什么不加

6、入到我們當中來呢？ How/Whatabout doing sth ?做某事怎么樣？Howabout going swimming?去游泳怎么樣？Let' do sth讓我們做，,吧。Let' g。home.咱們回家吧。You'd better (not) do sth你最好(不)要做某事。You'd better not go there alone .你最好不要一個人去那兒。Unit 2 r II help clean up the city parks動詞不定式A.作主語一一為避免句子的頭重腳輕，常用 it作為形式主語，而真正的主語動詞不定式后置。常用句型

7、:It +be+adj./n.+(for/of sb.) to do sth./lt takes sb. sometime to do sth.8. 作賓語動詞 want, decide, hope, ask, agree, choose, learn, plan, need, teach, prepare 常接動詞不定 式作賓語。C.作(后置)定語常用于 have/has + sth. + to do" 或“enough + 名 + to do" It' time to do sth. ” 等結構中。D.作賓語補足語tell, ask, want, invite,

8、teach, like, call等可接帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補足語，構成tell/ask/want /call/invite sb. to do sth.結構?！咀⒁狻縿釉~不定式作使役動詞和感官動詞的賓語補足語時應省去 t。：一感(feel),二聽(listento, hear),三讓(let, make, have,四看(look at, see, watch, notice),半幫助(help) ”。E.動詞不定式作狀語主要用來修飾動詞，表示目的，結果或原因。為了強調(diào)目的，有時可以把動詞不定式放在句首，或在不定式前加in order (to)或 so as (to)為了，目的是&quo

9、t;。常用結構有 too + adj./adv. + to do sth.等。F.固定句式中動詞不定式的用法常見的形式有：had better (not) do sth./Would you like to do sth.?/Why not do sth.?/Would you please (not) do sth.?等。Unit 3 Could you please clean your roomCould you please.?句型(1) 請求別人時通常用此句型，也可以說：Canyou.please?情態(tài)動詞could或can在這里均表示請求，在意思 上無區(qū)別，但是用could在于其上

10、顯得更委婉、客氣、誠懇。在日常生活中常使用could you/l？若在句末加上please,則顯得更禮貌。Could you help mefind mybook,please?你能幫我找到我的書嗎？(2) 對could you/l.? 的問句作出肯定回答，常用sure/certainly/of course ”等；如果作否定回答，常用sorry或oh,please don' t "。一般不用no開頭，用no顯得語氣生硬、不禮貌。(3)表示請求的句式：Would you like to do.? Would you mi nd doi ng.?Let' do. Sha

11、ll l/we do.?Please do.(祈使句前加please)提示：could you please與could I Please兩種問句，前者是請求別人幫忙的句式，后者是 有禮貌地向別人請 求允許的交際用語。試比較：Could you please help me?青你幫我一下好嗎？Could I please invite myfriends to mybirthday party,Mom?媽媽，我能邀請我的朋友參加我的生日聚會嗎？Un it 4 Why don't you talk to your pare nts?1 .提建議向別人發(fā)出邀請，請求，建議，或征求某人的意見

12、的其他表達方式：How/what about doing sth.? (about是個介詞，可跟名詞或動名詞) “怎么樣？ ”You'd better (not) do something. “你最好(不)做某事”Would you like sth ?: “你想要某物 Let ?s do sth ?What should I do？( should表示請求、征詢對方意見)2 .學會談論問題和學會用why don't you提建議向別人發(fā)出邀請，請求，建議，或征求某人的意見的表達方式： Whydon?t you do something? =Whynot do somethin

13、g?你為什么不做某事呢？來表示請求、征詢對方意見3 . until, so that.although 引導的狀語從句：1) until :在帶有till或until引導的時間狀語從句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含義是“一直到時”，謂語動詞只能用延續(xù)性動詞。如果主句用否定式，其含義是“直到才”，”在以前不”，謂語動詞可用瞬間動詞。Don?t get off until the bus stops.2歡迎F載精品文檔2) so that 引導目的狀語從句(為了，以便)例如：Hestudies hard so that he could work better in the future3) alth

14、ough的用法意思相當于though (盡管，雖然)，引導讓步狀語從句。引導的從句不能與并列連詞but, and, so等連用，但可以和yet, still等詞連用。例如：Although he was tired,he we nt o nworki ng.盡管他很累，但是他繼續(xù)工作。Unit 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm cameL過去進行時1 .基本概念：過去進行時表示在過去某一時刻或一段時間內(nèi)正在進行的 動作。這一特定的過去時間除有上下文暗示以外，一般用時間狀語來表示。2 .結構 was/ were ( not ) + 動詞-ing3

15、.句式 tH. W 目正式： l/He/She/lt was working. We/You/They/ were working. 否定式： l/He/She/lt was not working.We/You/They/ were not working. 疑問式和簡略回答：Wasl working? Yes, you were. No, you were not. Were you working? Yes, I was. No, I was not. Washe/she/it wor king? Yes, he/she/it was. No, he/she/it was not. We

16、rewe/you/they working? Yes, you/we/they were. No, you/w e/they were not.注： 1) was not ?？s略為 was n*t; were not ?？s略為 were n '。2)一般過去時與過去進行時用法的比較：一般過去時表示在過去某個時間發(fā)生過的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，而過去進行時則表示在過去某一時刻或某一段時間正在進行的動作。例如：David wrote a letter to his friend last night.大衛(wèi)昨晚給他的朋友寫了圭寸信。(信寫完了。)David was writing a letter

17、 to his friend last night.大衛(wèi)昨晚一直在給他的朋友寫信。(信不一定寫完。)4.過去進行時中的when和while when, while 區(qū)別：1) 由when引導的時間狀語從句，主句用過去進行時，從句應用一般過去時；由while引導的時間狀語從句，主句用一般過去時，從句應用過去進行時。Whenthe teacher camein, we we re talking.當此句改變主從句的位置時，則為： While we we re talking, the teacher camein.2) 如果從句和主句的動作同時發(fā)生，兩句都用過去進行時的時候，多用while引導。如

18、：They were singing while wewere dancing.Unit 6 An old man tried to move the mountains1. unless引導條件狀語從句uni ess = if not除非，若不 They will go tomorrow unless it rains. =They will go tomorrow if it doesn ' rains.2. as soon as引導時間狀語從句。 就3歡迎3F我精品文枯Hewill comeand see you as soon as he can.3. so .that 引導結

19、果狀語從句句型1 ：主語+謂語+SO+形容詞/副詞+that從句The wind was so strong that wecould hardly moveforward. 句型2: so +形容詞+ a/an +單數(shù)名詞+ that從句6歡迎下載精品文樓It was so hot a day that they all went swimming.句型3. so + many/ few +復數(shù)名詞+ that從句He has so few friends that he often feels lonely.句型4： so +much/ little+不可數(shù)名詞+ that從句I had

20、so little moneythat I couldn ' buy a pen.Unit 7 What sthe highest mountain in the world?形容詞副詞的原級、比較級和最高級（一）原級句型：1. Ais as+原級 + as+ B 表示 A 與 B 一樣eg: He is as tall as me.2. A is not as/so + 原級 + as B 表示 A 不如 Beg:He is not as tall as me.3. 只能修飾原級的詞，very , quite , so, too , so, eno ugh, pretty 等例如，H

21、e is too tired to walk on.他太累了以至于不能再繼續(xù)走了。（二）比較級句型可以修飾比較級的詞,much, a lot, far,的多ahttle, a bit, 點兒even甚至,stillEg. Less on On eis mucheasier tha n Less on Two.第一課比第二課容易得多。Tomlooks even younger than before.湯姆甚至比以前更年輕。1.當句中有than時則用比較級。eg: He is fatter than me.2當句子中的比較對象為兩者時用比較級：”特殊疑問詞+be+形容詞比較級，Aor B?”eg:

22、 Which is bigger, the earth or the moon?哪一個大，地球還是月球？3. “比較級+and+比較級”表示“越來越。eg.The flowers are more and more beautiful.花兒越來越漂亮。加more構成比較級的形容詞則用more and more +形容詞表示越來越eg: En glish is more a nd more importa nt.4. “ the+比較級，the+比較級”表示“越.，越.”。Eg. The more careful you are , the fewer mistakes you 'll

23、make.5. “A+be+the+形容詞比較級+of thetwo+.”表示“ A是兩者中較的“。Eg.Look at the two boys. My brother is the taller of the two.6. A+be+形容詞比較級+than+anyother+單數(shù)名詞 什介詞短語）”表示“A比同一范圍的任何一個人 義是“ A最” Eg. The Ya ngtze River is Ion ger tha n any other river in China.=The Yangtze River is the longest river in China.（三）最高級常用句型

24、結構1. “主語+be+the+形容詞最高級+單數(shù)名詞+in/of短語”表示”是.中最.的”。eg: Tomis the tallest in his class./of all the students.This apple is the biggest of the five.2. “主語+be+oneofthe+形容詞最高級+復數(shù)名詞+in/of短語”表示"是.中最.之一”Eg： Beijing is one of the largest cities in China.3. “特殊疑問詞+be+the+最高級+A, B, or C? ”用于三者以上eg Which is th

25、e biggest? The moon,the sun orths earth?4. “the +序數(shù)詞+最高級+單數(shù)名詞+范圍”。表示是第幾大（）8歡迎下載精品文枯eg: The Yellow River is the second longest river in China .【注意】形容詞最高級之前要加the,但當最高級之前有形容詞性物主代詞或名詞所有格時則不用加eg: He is the best student in my class.He is mybest friend.（四）形容詞副詞的規(guī)則與不規(guī)則變化規(guī)則變化1 . 一般在詞尾直接加 er 或 est,例如，tall-tal

26、ler-tallest, long-longer-longest2 .以不發(fā)音的字母e結尾的單詞在詞尾直接加r或st,例如，nice-nicer-nicest3 .以輔音字母+y結尾的詞，把y變?yōu)閕,再加er或est,例如，heavy-heavier-heaviest4 .重讀閉音節(jié)，末尾只有一個輔音字母，雙寫這個輔音字母，再加 er或est,eg. big-bigger-biggest5 .部分雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞分別在原級前加more構成比較級和most構成最高級，例如，slowly-more slowly-most slowly ； beautiful- more beautiful-mo

27、st beautiful 不規(guī)則變化原級比較級最局級good/wellbetterbestbad/badly/ilIworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfartherfarthestfurtherfurthestoldolderOldest （無血緣關系的）eldereldest （有血緣關系）Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Isla nd yet?/物都”，含Unit 9 Have you ever been to a museum?現(xiàn)在完成時（Present Perfect Tense）（1） 表示過去發(fā)生或

28、已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結果。It' s so dark.太黑 了。一Someonehas turned off the light.有人把燈關上 了。（2） 表示從過去某一時間開始并一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。常與since+過去的時間點，for+ 一段時間，since+時間段+ego, so far等時間狀語連用。Eg. I have lived here for ten years.我已經(jīng)住在這里10年了。（從10年前開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在還住這兒）Eg. I have lived here si nee 2003.自從2003年我就住在這兒。（從2003年開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在還住

29、這兒）（3）基本結構及句型轉(zhuǎn)換：主語+have/has+過去分詞（done）（當主語是第三人稱單數(shù)has,其余have。）人稱用 肯定句：主語+have/has+過去分詞+其他 I have finished myhomework.（肯定句） 否定句：主語 +have/has+not+過去分詞+其他 I have not finished myhomework.（否定句）the一般疑問句：Have/Has+主語+過去分詞+其他一Have you finished your homework?-Yes, I have. / No, I haven' t,(一般疑問句及肯定、否定回答)(4

30、) has gone (to) ,has been (to) , has been (in) 的區(qū)另 UHave/Has gone (to):去了(現(xiàn)在不在說話現(xiàn)場)Eg. Where is your father ?-He has goneto Shanghai.Have/Has been (to):去過(已不在去過的地方)Eg. Myfather has beento Shanghai.Have/has been in :呆了多久(還在所呆的地方)10歡迎下載nt品文檔Eg. Myfather has bee n in Shan ghai for two mon ths. =Myfathe

31、r has bee n in Shan ghai since two mon ths ago. (5)現(xiàn)在完成時的標志： 常與just, already, yet, ever, never, before, so far等連用，強調(diào)動作的完成，不強調(diào)動作的持續(xù)。Have you ever been to Japan? I have just finished my homework.for +時間段；since +過去的時間點；since +段時間ago； since + 一般過去時的句子。They have known each other for five years. Since he

32、was a child, he has lived in England.(6)動詞過去式和過去分詞的變化規(guī)則變化：1 .一般在動詞詞尾直接加edo如：pick T picked ' picked; wish wished 4T wished; stay stayed stayed2 .以不發(fā)音的e結尾的動詞后面加do如：like T liked T liked; hope T hoped T hoped; phone T phoned T phoned3 .以一輔音字母+y |結尾的動詞，變y為i,再加ed。如：study T studied T studied; hurry T hurried T hurried; reply T replied T replied4 .詞尾只有一個輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)動詞，要雙寫輔音字母，再加 -edo如：stop T stopped T stopped; clap