美國小學(xué)四年級英語單詞詞庫

1、Short a Long aGeneralization:Comparison of the short a and the long a sounds.Short aamaddLong agaveablesadrantablecradlefastcantAprilbasicclassbrassbagelfatalstand magicrattle cattlenative spacelabor statetragicbattlevaporbecameblackplanetapronradiojacketstrandbasinyesterdaysplash baskettablet lante

2、rnagent stamenstranger stationladderhappentomatopotatodazzlechaptercapablefavoritetrashcanafternoonfamousangelbackground basketballflashlight ratheralligator behaviordangerous sacredgadgetcanvasarrangeancientcannonattackmannersacceptaccess happilyattic happinessaverageanswercaptainbandagepackageappl

3、esaucehandsome accuratealphabet accidentvaluableasphaltcalendarvacuumamorousanimosityPatterns for Long aGeneralization:The following patterns can produce a long /a/ sound CVCe, ai, ay, eia-e (CVCe)jadeaidailyaystayeireingratestainmayveilquakefaithhayneighawakepraisepaywayfaze estatequaint straighttr

4、ay laysleigh reignlocatestraitnayeightbecamewaifgrayweightrenametrainerawayfreightfemale baseballafraid daintystray sprayeighth reindeercavemansailboatlayerneighborsomeplacerainbowdelayneighborhoodairplaneremaindecaygrapefruit paraderemainder raisinfray betrayengagecontaindismayupgradeexplainpayment

5、decadecomplainfreewaydebate vibratedetain obtainTuesday crayonsmistakereclaimhooraylemonaderefrainanywayhomemadeacquainteverydaylandscape celebratedisdainplaymatebraceletteammatehurricanecorrelate cooperateescalatedissipatecontemplatePatterns for Long eGeneralization:The following patterns can produ

6、ce a long /e/ sound: ea, ee, ieeaeatee (CVVC)greeniefieldleakfeelthiefleash easecheese creepchief beliefpealsweetgriefpeakspeedbriefmeanwheelbriefcaseseam steamfleet sweepshield shriekstreamstreetpriestcleansleekyieldreachqueenpiecepeach beachsleeve sneezegrieve relieveweavefreezebelievepleagreedach

7、ievepleadspeechsiegeplease bleatwheeze squeezefiend grievanceceaseseepcreasebreedgreasepeekwheat screamreel reedsquealsteelseatbeltsucceeddefeatrepeat peacefeatkneadleaguebreathe reallyWhen you have a short vowel followed by a single consonant, double the consonant when adding ed and ing.-ed-ingpatt

8、edgettingdotteddiggingrubbedrunningwaggedpoppingshoppedwaggingdroppedrunningclappedjoggingstoppedhoppingwrappedstoppingrappedskippingtrippedplanningsteppedswimmingplannedclappinggrinneddraggingtrimmedbragginggrabbedwrappingspottedsleddingplottedtrimmingthrobbedstrummingstrippedgrinningploddedstrippi

9、ngknottedploddingshruggedthrobbingadmittedquittingregrettedupsettingcancelledbeginninghiccuppedenrollingreferredhiccuppingexcelledforgettingcontrolledexcellingtransmittedpreferringcommittedfulfillingWhen a verb ends in silent e, drop the e and add -ed. When a word ends in two consonants (CVCC) or en

10、ds in two vowels and a consonant (CVVC), add ed.remove silent eadd -edadd edusedwalkedbakedtalkedmovedworkedlivedmarchedtiredreachedsmiledtrackedclosedpeeledchasedcheeredshovedfinishedtradedbelongedprovedclimbedpraisedlaughedescaped excused amused adored ignored decided divided arrived refused quote

11、d promoted rattled bruised argued continued grieved seized rhymedSome verbs have irregular spellings.irregular verbsgo/went get/got pay/paid lay/laid fly/flew see/saw have/had tell/told fall/fell draw/drew grow/grew know/knew hold/held sing/sang drink/drank meet/met feed/fed feel/felt keep/kept weep

12、/wept sweep/swept send/sent lend/lent kneel/knelt mean/meant leap/leapt deal/dealt leave/left sleep/slept hear/heard wear/wore write/wrote speak/spoke buy/bought teach/taught bring/broughtThe syllable break in words with the VCCV spelling pattern occurs between the two and double consonants (sur-viv

13、e, ap-pear).Double ConsonantsTwo Consonantsmittenuntilsuddenintoattacksisteratticcentermatterchapterwinnermarketslipperorderladderpersondollarbaskettrafficgardenofficemembercabbageharvestmessageplasticvillagepostagechannelsignalflannelformalvesselsentencequarrelinsectsquirrelsubjectmammalcanyonblizz

14、ardsurfaceblossomwindowcommonelbowscissorswhimperraccoonseldomcollegemarginarrangecertaingrammarchimneypressurehusbandsurroundreptiledifferentcostumehappenedadmireunhurriedestimateassociatepicturefinallyinjureleggingscaptureIn words with the VCV spelling pattern, a consonant between two vowels tends

15、 to go with the second vowel unless the first vowel is accented and short (open syllable: bro- ken; closed syllable: wag-on).OpenClosedlazyriverevenrapidpapershiveritemmagicopencometcraterplanetmeterpetalcloverpresentbaconcleverbasinproperCupidpunishcubicfamilytulipdrivenhumancamerahumidregularspide

16、rliquidcloverenergydinertropicssilenttenantmomentrapidminuspalettesecretmaliceyogurt closely navel vital spoken chosen vapor razor major minor climate motive bridalTo make a comparative adjective add er. To make a superlative adjective, add est.-er-estfewerfewestnewernewestolderoldestcoldercoldestbo

17、lderboldestcoolercoolestslowerslowestfasterfastestcalmercalmestnearernearestmeanermeanestlouderloudestlighterlightestharderhardestcheapercheapestsmallersmallestquickerquickestyoungeryoungestsmartersmartestcleanercleanestsweetersweetestblackerblackestTo make an adjective ending in y comparative or su

18、perlative, add (-ier) or (-iest), respectively.Words that end in ydry-ierdrier-iestdriesteasyeasiereasiestlazylazierlaziestluckyluckierluckiestdirtydirtierdirtiesthappyhappierhappiestfunnyfunnierfunniestprettyprettierprettiestscaryscarierscariestheavyheavierheaviestangryangrierangriestwindywindierwi

19、ndiestcloudycloudiercloudiestglossyglossierglossiestwittywittierwittiestdeadlydeadlierdeadliestthirstythirstierthirstiestwealthywealthierwealthiesthealthyhealthierhealthiestjuicyjuicierjuiciestnoisynoisiernoisiestlonelylonelierloneliestThe following words end in el.-elangel bagel camel cancel channe

20、l chapel flannel tinsel towel gravel hazel kennel kernel label level model panel parcel shovel ravel vessel novel jewel bushel nickel morsel barrel swivel squirrel shrivel sequel satchel-leable simple sample double trouble couple single triple turtle purple jungle hustle middle hurdle handle marble

21、amble buckle bundle chuckle cycle gentle eagle dimple gamble grumble freckle fumble bottle bubble cuddle doodle fiddle kettle needle noodle paddle-ge-dgeageedgepagewedgecagejudgewageledgelargepledgeragebadgehugeridgestagefudgevillagebridgebaggagehedgebeveragedodgecottagebudgepackagelodgerummagenudge

22、changesmudgeorangeknowledgestrange urgeThe following words end in er, -ar, -or. The suffix means “one who” or “person”.-erworker-arliar-ordoctorownerfriarminorwaiterburglarsailorpainterbeggartailorhelperregistrarmayorwriterscholarpastorsingereditorfatherauthorsisterprotectormotherinventorbrothercred

23、itorteacherdebtorpreacherdictatorrancherdirectorbakersenatorridersponsorjoggersculptorrobberoperatorswimmersurvivorrunnerprofessordrummereducatorgardenernavigatorprowlergovernorbutcherspectatorarcherinspectorgrocerconductorpartnercommentatorpitcherinvestigatorcarpenterinstigatorcustomeragitatorchara

24、cteremployertreasurerdistillercashiertravelergrandmotherThe following words ending in en, -in, -on, -an make the schwa sound.-eneven-incabin-onwagon-anwomansevensatindragonhumangivenrobinbaconorganoftenraisinmelonorphankittenbasinpersonslogansirenpumpkinlessonurbandarkennapkincottonIndiangoldencousi

25、ncannonMexicanwidendolphingallonAmericangardenoriginbuttonRepublicansharpenmarginprisonCalifornianthickengelatinpardonsweetenviolincanyonsoftenapronchickenseasonchildrenreasonhardencommonsuddensummonwoodenweapondozenpoisonkitchencinnamonbrokenonionchosenpigeonspokensalmonstolenfrightenfrozenfastenha

26、stenglistenpollenswollencitizenoxygenspecimenA compound word is a word formed from two or more smaller words. There are three types of compound words: Closed: the smaller words form one whole word (baseball). Open: the smaller words are separated by a space (milk shake). Hyphenated: the smaller word

27、s are joined by a hyphen (twenty-five).nobodyanythingnothinganothercowboygood-byeafternoonnewspapersleeping baglife jacketsnowstormsomehowsometimesdrive-invice-presidentice creammiddle schoolhouseworkbaseballbasketballhomemadeclassmatehomesicktouchdownshinbonewaterfallnewscastovercomerailroaddownsta

28、irsunderstandeverythingeverybodyeverywherewhenevergrandparentsweatshirtwastebasketseaweedearthquakeshorelinebackgroundwholesalehandsomehighwayhoneycombknapsackkneecapbabysittinggrown-upshearing aidturn signalshower curtainpaper towelsrain forestroller skatesA prefix is a syllable, group of syllables

29、, or word joined to the beginning of a root or base word to alter its meaning or create a new -combatcon-contestco-coworkercompactconcertcopilotcomfortconsentcoauthorcomfortercontrastco-chaircomputercontractco-actorcompassconfirmco-directcompressconcreteco-starcompeteconcaveco-captaincomplet

30、econtextco-createcompanyconstructco-anchorcompelconstructionco-counselcomposecontinentcooperatecompareconservecoordinatecombinecondensecompoundconnectcompileconfercomplainconsumecomprehendconcludecompartmentcondemncompromisecontributecompassionconcentratecomplimentcongregatecompetitionconferencecomp

31、ulsivecongestedcompensateconsignmentcompanionconjunctioncommitconversationcommencecongratulatecommerceconfiscatecommotioncommissioncommendablePrefixes ex-, e-Generalization:A prefix is a syllable, group of syllables, or word joined to the beginning of a root or base word to alter its meaning or crea

32、te a new word.ex-e-exitelectexactejectexactlyemitexampleeruptexisteraserexileerodeexpeleludeexplainelopeexpandelectionexclaimelectronexcuseelectricexcludeelectricianexpresselaborateexcepteloquentexpectemissionexpenseemigrateexpensiveenunciateexchangeeradicateexplode explorer excellent experiment exe

33、rcise excitable exceed execute executive excrete excursion existence exclamation exempt exaggerate extension explanationword to alter its meaning or create a new word. The prefix dia- and trans- generally mean through, across, and beyond.dia-trans-diagramtransmitdiamondtransmitterdiagonaltransparent

34、diametertranslatedialecttransferdialoguetransplantdiabolictransformdiabolicaltransformerdialysistransformationdiagnosetransactdiagnosistransactiondiagnostictransportationdiabetestransitdiaphragmtransistorword to alter its meaning or create a new word. The prefixes semi/hemi generally mean half, poly

35、/multi mean “many”, uni/mono mean “one”.semi-, hemi-semicirclepoly-, multi-polygonuni-, mono-unicyclesemifinalpolygraphuniformsemisweetpolyesterunicornsemicolon semiprivatepolychromesemiseriousmultiplymonoclesemiannualmultiplexmonorailsemimonthlymulticolormonologuemultipurpose multiplicationmonotone

36、 monocyclehemisphere hemisphericinter-= betweenmid-= middleintro/intra = inside, withininter-intercommid-midairintro-, intraintrovertinteractmiddayintroduceinteractivemidwayintroductioninterfacemidnightintrospectiveinterview interestmidyear midtermintrastateinterceptmidstreamintramuralinteractionint

37、ravenousinterestedinteresting interruptintervalinterfereinteriorinterpret interpreterintermissionintermediateintersperseinterrogate internationalintergalacticGeneralization:Prefixes im-, in-A prefix is a syllable, group of syllables, or word joined to the beginning of a root or base word to alter it

38、s meaning or create a new word.im-= in, into, onin-= in, into, onim-in-imprisonindentimmigrantinsideimpeachingestimproveinhaleimpressinmateimplantinjectimposeinflateimpositionintrudeimpersonateinsertimminentincomeimplyinspectimplicateinlandimplicationinnateintuition inspire insight invoke invade inv

39、ite incarcerateGeneralization:A suffix is a meaningful group of letters that can be added at the end of a base or root word to form (derive) a new word with a different but related meaning. The addition of a derivational suffix often changes the part of speech of the original word. Spelling, syllabi

40、cation, and derivational generalizations are used when adding suffixes to root and base words.-ist=one who-ian, -cian = a person who-ist-ian, -cianartistcomediandentistlibrariananthropologist pathologist electricianradiologistmagicianzoologisttechnicianpsychologist cardiologist columnist ideologist

41、archaeologist meteorologist neurologist paleontologist hypnotist elitist dermatologist perfectionist ecologist astrologist geologist biologist novelist scientistSuffixes -sion, -tionGeneralization:A suffix is a meaningful group of letters that can be added at the end of a base or root word to form (

42、derive) a new word with a different but related meaning. The addition of a derivational suffix often changes the part of speech of the original word. Spelling, syllabication, and derivational generalizations are used when adding suffixes to root and base words.-sion, tion = act, condition, result-si

43、on-tiontensionstationdimensionnationextensioncaptionsuspensionmentioncomprehensionattentionapprehensionconventionintention invention retention detention intervention affection collection connection election infection injection addition audition nutrition position tradition tuition fiction vacation o

44、peration restriction-ment-itypaymentcavityshipmentgravityfragmentlevitymovementcaptivityenjoymentabilitytreatmentcapabilitydepartmenthumanityapartmentfinalitymonumentminoritypunishmentbrutalitymeasurementlocalityagreementtotalitydocumentvitalityrepaymentfatalityargumentsecurityreplacementinsanityemp

45、loymentmajoritydevelopmentnormalityprepaymentnativitywondermentdivinityamusementserenitygovernmentbrevityimprovementregularityappointmentpopularityarrangementoriginalityrearrangementsimilaritycommitmentinferiorityachievementfamiliarity-al-oustotalnervousdentalfamousvitalfabulousvocalenormousnasalhum

46、orousroyalpoisonousruralglamorousnormalcancerousformalcourageousvandalspaciouscentralviciousscandalridiculousglobalmysteriousfeudalstudiousmusicalincredulousmanualambitiousrefusalanonymousfictionalunanimousfunctionalHomophonesContractionswed weedtheres (there is)well wheeldidnt (did not)its itslets

47、(let us)gate gaitthats (that is)jeans genestheyre (they are)time thymeeverybodys (everybody is)oh owehows (how is)aid aidesomebodys (somebody is)break brakewhens (when is)flee fleacant (cannot)fair farecouldnt (could not)heard herdmustnt (must not)steel stealneednt (need not)fir furtheyd (they had,

48、they would)waist wasteyoud (you had, you would)weve weavecouldve (could have)wait weighttherell (there will)bolder bouldertheyll (they will)course coarseIll (I will)aisle, isleserial cerealwed (we had, we would)weeddoe doughweve (we have)weavehorse hoarse ininnloan lone strait straight pole poll pas

49、t passed ore orlielyerole roll forth fourthisle Ill aisle rain reign reinLatin Roots: dic/dict, voc/vokGeneralization:Root words are parts of Latin and Greek words. In English they do not stand on their own as independent words; they are always preceded or followed (or both) by affixes. Spelling, syllabication, and derivational generalizations are used when adding prefixes and suffixes to roots.dic/dict = to say, to tellvoc/vok = voice, to callNote: Base words are elements that can be used to build words by adding affixes but are also complete words in themselves