高中英語(yǔ)閱讀理解精題薈萃附答案解析翻譯副本

1、閱讀理解Passage 1There are stories about two US . presidents，Andrew Jackson and Martin Van Buren，which attempt to explain the American English term OKWe dont know if either story is true，but they are both interesting The first explanation is based on the fact that President Jackson had very little educa

2、tionIn fact，he had difficulty reading and writingWhen important papers came to Jackson，he tried to read them and then had his assistants explain what they saidIf he approved of a paperhe would write“all correct”on itThe problem was that he didnt know how to spellSo what he really wrote was“ol korekt

3、”After a while，he shortened that term to“OK” The second explanation is based on the place where President Van Buren was born，Kinderhook，New YorkVan Bnrens friends organized a club to help him become President They caned the club the Old Kinderhook Club，and anyone who supported Van Buren was called“O

4、K”P(pán)assage 1這里要講述Andrew Jackson 和Martin Van Buren這2屆美國(guó)總統(tǒng)的小故事。這2個(gè)小故事也許可以解釋美語(yǔ)中OK一詞的來(lái)歷。故事的真實(shí)性我們不得而知，不過(guò)內(nèi)容卻很有意思。第一個(gè)解釋來(lái)源于總統(tǒng)Andrew Jackson的故事。Andrew Jackson幾乎沒(méi)有受到過(guò)什么教育，事實(shí)上，他對(duì)于日常的讀寫(xiě)都有困難。當(dāng)收到重要文件的時(shí)候，在嘗試閱讀之后，還是讓他的助手幫忙解釋文件的內(nèi)容。如果批準(zhǔn)一份文件，Andrew Jackson就在上面寫(xiě)“all correct”。麻煩的是，他不知道怎么這2個(gè)單詞怎么拼寫(xiě)，因此，實(shí)際上他在文件上寫(xiě)的是“ol korekt

5、”。過(guò)了不久，他又把這2個(gè)單詞縮寫(xiě)為“OK”。第二個(gè)解釋來(lái)源于總統(tǒng)Martin Van Buren的家鄉(xiāng)的名字紐約的Kinderhook。為了幫助Van Buren成為總統(tǒng)，他的朋友為此組織了一個(gè)社團(tuán)。他們把這個(gè)社團(tuán)叫做Old Kinderhook Club，社團(tuán)中支持Van Buren的人都被稱為“OK”31The author C A. believes both of the stories Bdoesnt believe a word of the stories Cis not sure whether the stories are true D. is telling the s

6、tories just for fun32. According to the passage，President Jackson D _ Acouldnt draw up any documents at all B. didnt like to read important papers by himselfCoften had his assistants sign documents for him D .wasnt good at reading，writing or spelling33According to the first story, the term “OK” C A.

7、 was approved of by President Jackson Bwas the title of some Official documents Cwas first used by President Jackson Dwas an old way to spell“all correct34 .According to the second story，the termOK” D Awas the short way to sayold Kinderhook Club” Bmeant the place where President Van Buren was born C

8、was the name of Van Burens club Dwas used to call Van Burens supporters in the election35According to the second storythe term“OK”was first used _B_ Aby Van Buren Bin a presidential electionCto organize the Old Kinderhook Club Dby the members of theOld Kinderhook Club”P(pán)assage 2Although the United St

9、ates covers so much land and the land produces far more food than the present population needs，its people are by now almost entirely an urban society Less than a tenth of the people are engaged in agriculture and forestry(林業(yè))，and most of the rest live in or around towns，small and largeHere the tradi

10、tional picture is changing：every small town may still be very like other small towns，and the typical small town may represent a widely accepted view of the country，but most Americans do not live in small towns any moreHalf the population now lives in some thirty metropolitan areas(1arge cities with

11、their suburbs、of more than a million people eacha larger proportion than in Germany or England，let alone FranceThe statistics(統(tǒng)計(jì))of urban and rural population should be treated with caution because so many people who live in areas classified as rural travel by car to work in a nearby town each dayAs

12、 the rush to live out of town continuesrural areas within reach of towns are gradually filled with houses，so that it is hard to say at what moment a piece of country becomes a suburb But more and more the typical American lives in a metropolitan rather than a small town environmentPassage 2盡管美國(guó)幅員遼闊，

13、而且土地所產(chǎn)出的糧食遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)現(xiàn)有人口的需求，現(xiàn)今的美國(guó)卻幾乎完全是個(gè)都市化的國(guó)家。不足十分之一的人口在從事農(nóng)業(yè)和林業(yè)，而剩余的大多數(shù)人都居住在大大小小的城鎮(zhèn)中或者城鎮(zhèn)的周圍。傳統(tǒng)的景象在這里不斷發(fā)生著變化：小的城鎮(zhèn)之間仍然彼此十分相似，典型的小城鎮(zhèn)還是呈現(xiàn)出大家心目中的鄉(xiāng)村的風(fēng)貌；但是大部分的美國(guó)人卻不再住在小城鎮(zhèn)了?，F(xiàn)在半數(shù)的人口都在大約30幾個(gè)大都市地區(qū)（包括附近郊區(qū)的大型城市）這種大都市地區(qū)的人口都在百萬(wàn)以上，總的都市人口數(shù)量遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)德國(guó)和英國(guó)，更不用說(shuō)法國(guó)了。城市和鄉(xiāng)村的人口統(tǒng)計(jì)需要特別對(duì)待，因?yàn)槲覀兯^的住在鄉(xiāng)村的人們，每天都會(huì)開(kāi)車前往附近的城鎮(zhèn)工作。當(dāng)遠(yuǎn)離城鎮(zhèn)居住的熱潮持續(xù)的情況下

14、，城鎮(zhèn)周圍的鄉(xiāng)村地區(qū)逐漸蓋滿了房屋。那么說(shuō)不定什么時(shí)候，一塊鄉(xiāng)村的地區(qū)就變成了城市的郊區(qū)。不過(guò)，典型的美國(guó)人還是越來(lái)越趨向于居住在大都市而不是小城鎮(zhèn)的環(huán)境中。36If now America has 250 million peoplehow many of them are engaged in agriculture and forestry? ( C )AAbout 25 million BMore than 25 million CLess than 25 million D. Less than 225 million37Which of the following four cou

15、ntries has the smallest proportion of people living in metropolitan areas? ( C ) AUnited States BGermany CFranceDEngland38Whats the meaning of the word“metropolitan”in the middle of the passage? (A) A .Of a large city with its suburbs BOf small and large towns COf urban areas DOf rural areas39Accord

16、ing to the passage，what can we learn about small towns in the United States?(B) A Most small towns become gradually crowded BSmall towns are still similar to each other CAs the traditional picture is changing，towns are different D .Small towns are turning into large cities40Why is it hard to say whe

17、n a piece of country becomes a suburb?( C ) ABecause they are the same BBecause the rush takes place too quickly CBecause the process is gradual DBecause more and more Americans live in metropolitan areasPassage 3 If we were asked exactly what we were doing a year ago，we should probably have to say

18、that we could not remember But if we had kept a book and had written in it an account of what we did each day，we should be able to give an answer to the question. It is the same in history Many things have been forgotten because we do not have any written account of them Sometimes men did keep a rec

19、ord of the most important happenings in their country，but often it was destroyed by fire or in a warSometimes there was never any written record at all because the people of that time and place did not know how to WriteFor example，we know a good deal about the people who lived in China 4，000 years a

20、go, because they could write and leave written records for those who lived after themBut we know almost nothing about the people who lived even 200 years ago in central Africa because they had not learned to write Sometimesof course，even if the people cannot write，they may know something of the past

21、They have heard about it from older people，and often songs and dances and stories have been made about the most important happenings，and these have been sung and acted and told for many generations For most people are proud to tell what their fathers did in the pastThis we may call remembered histor

22、ySome of it has now been written down. It is not so exact or so valuable to us as written history is，because words are much more easily changed when used again and again in speech than when copied in writingBut where there are no written records，such spoken stories are often very helpfulPassage 3當(dāng)我們

23、被問(wèn)起準(zhǔn)確的說(shuō)書(shū)一年之前的這個(gè)時(shí)候我們正在做什么，我們可能不得不承認(rèn)記不得了。但是，如果我們有個(gè)冊(cè)子，上面記錄了每天我們做過(guò)什么的話，這個(gè)問(wèn)題就不難給出答案了。對(duì)于歷史的記錄也是如此。許多事情由于沒(méi)有任何書(shū)面的記錄而被人遺忘。有時(shí)也有人會(huì)對(duì)于他們國(guó)家發(fā)生的重要事件進(jìn)行記錄，但是這些記錄往往毀于火災(zāi)或者戰(zhàn)亂。有時(shí)也因?yàn)槟莻€(gè)地方或那個(gè)時(shí)代的人不會(huì)寫(xiě)字，而根本不會(huì)有書(shū)面記錄的存在。譬如說(shuō)，因?yàn)橹袊?guó)4千年前的古人會(huì)寫(xiě)字而且給后人留下了很多文獻(xiàn)，所以我們對(duì)那個(gè)時(shí)代的中國(guó)人十分了解；但是對(duì)于甚至2百年前的中非人，由于他們不會(huì)寫(xiě)字，而使我們對(duì)其幾乎一無(wú)所知。當(dāng)然了，有的時(shí)候就算人們不會(huì)寫(xiě)字，對(duì)于過(guò)去的歷史也

24、會(huì)多少有些了解。也許是從老一輩的那里聽(tīng)說(shuō)的，或者從一些由重大事件編出的歌曲和舞蹈中了解的這些傳說(shuō)和歌舞是從很多輩人流傳下來(lái)的。很多人都喜歡夸耀他們的父輩在過(guò)去的豐功偉績(jī)，我們把這個(gè)叫做“remembered history”（記憶中的歷史）。現(xiàn)在一些記憶中的歷史已經(jīng)變成了文字而保留了下來(lái)。由于反復(fù)經(jīng)過(guò)口頭傳送的歷史遠(yuǎn)比書(shū)面記錄的歷史變化大，這種歷史不如書(shū)面歷史那么精確和有價(jià)值。但是，在沒(méi)有書(shū)面歷史存在的時(shí)候，這種口頭流傳的故事就很有幫助了。41. Which of the following ideas is not suggested in the passage?(D ) A“Rememb

25、ered history”，compared with written history，is less reliable BWritten records of the past play the most important role in our learning of the human history CA written account of our daily activities helps US to be able to answer many questions DWhere there are no written recordsthere is no history42

26、We know very little about the central Africa 200 years ago because _D_ Athere was nothing worth being written down at that time B .the people there ignored the importance of keeping a record Cthe written records were perhaps destroyed by a fire Dthe people there did not know how to write43“Remembere

27、d history”refers to _D_ Ahistory based on a persons imagination B .stories of important happenings passed down from mouth to mouth C .songs and dances about the most important events D .both B and C44“Remembered history”is regarded as valuable only when _B_. A. it is written down B .no written accou

28、nt is available Cit proves to be time Dpeople are interested in it45 .The passage suggests that we could have learned much more about our past than wedo now if the ancient people had _A_Akept a written record of every past event B. not burnt their written records in warsCtold exact stories of the mo

29、st important happenings Dmade more songs and dancesPassage 1 When MrsJoseph Groeger died recently in Vienna，Austria，people asked the obvious，“Why did she live to be 107?”Answers were provided by a survey conducted among 148 Viennese men and women who had reached the age of 100Somewhat surprising was

30、 the fact that the majority had lived most of their lives in citiesIn spite of the citys image as an unhealthy place，city living often provides benefits that country living can lackOne factor seems to be important to the longevity(長(zhǎng)壽)of those interviewed This factor is exercisein the cities it is of

31、ten faster to walk short distances than to wait for a busEven taking public transportation often requires some walkingSmaller apartment houses have no elevators(電梯)，and so people must climb stairsCity people can usually walk to local supermarkets Since parking spaces are hard to find，there is often

32、no alternative to walkingOn the other hand，those who live in the country and suburbs do not have to walk every dayIn fact，the opposite is often trueTo go to school，work，or almost anywhere else，they must ride in carsPassage 1在奧地利的維也納，最近當(dāng)一位名為Joseph Groeger的老婦人過(guò)世的時(shí)候，人們?nèi)滩蛔∫獑?wèn)：“為什么她可以活到107歲呢？”當(dāng)對(duì)148個(gè)100歲以上

33、的維也納人進(jìn)行調(diào)查之后，我們得出了答案。有點(diǎn)讓人驚訝的是，這些人中的多數(shù)人都大部分的人生都是在都市生活的。盡管城市給我們的印象一直都是不利于健康的，但是城市生活往往提供一些鄉(xiāng)村缺乏的便利。其中有一個(gè)就是這些被調(diào)查者長(zhǎng)壽的重要因素。這個(gè)因素就是鍛煉。在城市，對(duì)于比較短的路程，往往走路比你等著坐公車去更快捷。就算去搭乘一些公共交通工具也經(jīng)常要走一段路程。較小的公寓一般沒(méi)有電梯，人們就不得不爬樓。城市人還經(jīng)常步行去附近的超市買東西。在停車位如此難找的情況下，往往沒(méi)有別的選擇只有步行。另一方面，那些住在鄉(xiāng)村和郊區(qū)的人反而無(wú)需每天走路。事實(shí)上，他們每天都乘坐交通工具，去上學(xué)，去上班，或者去其他任何地方，

34、都必須開(kāi)車前往。Passage 1在奧地利的維也納，最近當(dāng)一位名為Joseph Groeger的老婦人過(guò)世的時(shí)候，人們?nèi)滩蛔∫獑?wèn)：“為什么她可以活到107歲呢？”當(dāng)對(duì)148個(gè)100歲以上的維也納人進(jìn)行調(diào)查之后，我們得出了答案。有點(diǎn)讓人驚訝的是，這些人中的多數(shù)人都大部分的人生都是在都市生活的。盡管城市給我們的印象一直都是不利于健康的，但是城市生活往往提供一些鄉(xiāng)村缺乏的便利。其中有一個(gè)就是這些被調(diào)查者長(zhǎng)壽的重要因素。這個(gè)因素就是鍛煉。在城市，對(duì)于比較短的路程，往往走路比你等著坐公車去更快捷。就算去搭乘一些公共交通工具也經(jīng)常要走一段路程。較小的公寓一般沒(méi)有電梯，人們就不得不爬樓。城市人還經(jīng)常步行去附

35、近的超市買東西。在停車位如此難找的情況下，往往沒(méi)有別的選擇只有步行。另一方面，那些住在鄉(xiāng)村和郊區(qū)的人反而無(wú)需每天走路。事實(shí)上，他們每天都乘坐交通工具，去上學(xué)，去上班，或者去其他任何地方，都必須開(kāi)車前往。31The Vienna survey may help to explain _C_ Athe complaints of people in apartment houses Bthe cause of Mrs Groegers death Cthe longevity of people like MrsGroeger D. the image of cities in general32

36、The purpose of the second paragraph is to list some _B_ Abenefits of walking Boccasions for walking in city life C. comments made by city people Dproblems of city living33To reach the third floor of a buildingit would probably be most healthful _B_ A. to take the elevator Bto walk up the stairs Cto

37、ride in a car Dto find an alternative to walking34People who live in the country probably do more driving than walking because _A_ Athey dont live near business areas B. they dont need the exercise Cthey never have parking problems Dthey cant afford to take the bus35A conclusion that can be drawn fr

38、om this passage is that _D_ Aair pollution is not serious Banyone can live to be 107 Ccountry people should move to the city Dwalking is a healthful exercisePassage 2For any Englishman，there can never be any discussion as to who is the worlds greatest dramatist(劇作家)Only one name can possibly suggest

39、 itself to him：that of William Shakespeare Every Englishman has some knowledge，however slight，of the work of our greatest writerAll of US use words，phrases and quotations from Shakespeares writings that have become part of the common property of the English-speaking peopleMost of the time we are pro

40、bably unaware of the source of the words we used，rather like the old lady who was taken to see a performance of Hamlet and complained that it was full of wellknown proverbs and quotationsShakespeare，more perhaps than any other writer，makes full use of the great resources of the English languageMost

41、of US use about five thousand words in our normal use of English；Shakespeare in his works used about twenty-five thousandThere is probably no better way for a foreigner to appreciate the richness and variety of the English language than by studying the various ways in which Shakespeare used itSuch a

42、 study is well worth the effort(it is not，of course，recommended to beginners)even though some aspects of English usage，and the meaning of many words，have changed since Shakespeares dayPassage 2當(dāng)提及誰(shuí)是世界上最偉大的劇作家，對(duì)于每個(gè)英國(guó)人來(lái)說(shuō)，答案都毫無(wú)疑義。只有一個(gè)名字值得這個(gè)稱號(hào)莎士比亞。對(duì)于我們這個(gè)最偉大的劇作家，每個(gè)英國(guó)人都有些了解，即使很少。從莎翁的劇作中我們拿來(lái)使用的單詞，習(xí)語(yǔ)和引用，已經(jīng)變

43、成了英語(yǔ)使用者的通用詞庫(kù)中的一部分。很多時(shí)候我們可能不知道自己使用的詞語(yǔ)的來(lái)源，就好像一個(gè)去看過(guò)哈姆雷特的老嫗回來(lái)之后抱怨劇中充滿了大家都知道的諺語(yǔ)和引用語(yǔ)。莎翁與其它作者相比，更充分的利用了英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言這一資源。大多數(shù)的人日常使用不過(guò)5000英語(yǔ)詞匯而已，但是莎翁在他的作品中使用了2萬(wàn)5千左右的詞匯。對(duì)于一個(gè)外國(guó)人來(lái)說(shuō)，研讀莎翁對(duì)英語(yǔ)豐富多彩的使用方法是欣賞英語(yǔ)豐富性和多樣性最好的手段。雖說(shuō)從莎翁的年代至今，一些英語(yǔ)的用法，許多單詞的意義發(fā)生了變化，但是對(duì)莎翁作品的研究是十分有意義的。（當(dāng)然，對(duì)于初學(xué)英語(yǔ)的人不太推薦。）36. English people _C_Ahave never disc

44、ussed who is the worlds greatest dramatistBnever discuss any issue concerning the worlds greatest dramatistCare sure who is the worlds greatest dramatistDdo not care who is the worlds greatest poet and dramatist37Every Englishman knows _A_ Amore or less about Shakespeare BShakespeare，but only slight

45、ly Call Shakespeares writings Donly the name of the greatest English writer38Which of the following is true? C AWe use all the words，phrases and quotations from ShakespeareS writings BShakespeares writings have become the property of those who are learning to speak English CIt is likely to be true t

46、hat people often do not know the origins of the words they use D All the words people use are taken from the writings of Shakespeare39What does the word “proverb” mean? A AFamiliar sayings BShakespeares plays CComplaints DActors and actresses40Why is it worthwhile to study the various ways in which

47、Shakespeare used English? B AEnglish words have changed a lot since ShakespeareS time BBy doing SO one can be fully aware of the richness of the English language C. English words are now being used in the same way as in Shakespeares time D. Beginners may have difficulty learning some aspects of Engl

48、ish usagePassage 3 Trees are useful to man in three very important ways：they provide him wood and other products；they give him shade；and they help to prevent drought(干旱)and floods Unfortunately，in many parts of the world，man has not realized that the third of these services is the most importantIn h

49、is eagerness to draw quick profit from the trees，he has cut them down in large numbers Two thousand years ago，a rich and powerful country cut down its trees to build warships，with which to gain itself an empire It gained the empire but，without its trees，its soil became bare and poorWhen the empire f

50、ell to pieces，the country found itself faced by floods and starvation Even where a government realizes the importance of a plentiful supply of trees，it is difficult sometimes to make the people realize thisThey cut down the trees but are too careless to plant and look after new trees So，unless the g

51、overnment has a good system of control，or can educate the people，the forests slowly disappearThis does not only mean that there will be fewer treesThe results are even more serious：for where there are trees，their roots break the soil up，allowing the rain to sink in， and also bind the soilThis preven

52、ts the soil from being washed awayBut where there are no trees，the rainfalls on hard ground and flows away on the surface，and this causes floods and the rain carries away the rich topsoil in which crops grow When a11 the topsoil is gonenothing remains but worthless desertPassage 3樹(shù)木對(duì)于人來(lái)說(shuō)有3個(gè)重要益處：樹(shù)木給人

53、類提供木材和其他產(chǎn)物；樹(shù)木可以讓人們乘涼；樹(shù)木可有效地防止旱澇災(zāi)害。可惜的是，在世界上許多地方，人類沒(méi)有認(rèn)識(shí)到以上三個(gè)作用中，第三個(gè)是最重要的。人們急切于從樹(shù)木上快速的謀取利益，于是大量的砍伐森林。兩千年之前，有一個(gè)富裕和強(qiáng)大的國(guó)家。為了建立帝國(guó)，砍倒了樹(shù)木來(lái)造戰(zhàn)艦。帝國(guó)建立了，但是，沒(méi)有樹(shù)木的土地變得荒蕪和貧瘠。當(dāng)?shù)蹏?guó)四分五裂的時(shí)候，整個(gè)國(guó)家發(fā)覺(jué)自己面臨的是水災(zāi)和饑荒。就算在政府認(rèn)識(shí)到足夠的樹(shù)木儲(chǔ)備的重要性時(shí)，有時(shí)卻很難讓人民也意識(shí)到這點(diǎn)。人們砍倒了樹(shù)木，卻疏于種植和照料樹(shù)苗。因此，除非政府建立一套體制來(lái)控制或者教育人們，否則森林就會(huì)漸漸消失。森林的消失不僅僅意味著樹(shù)木的減少，還有更嚴(yán)重的后

54、果。在有樹(shù)的地方，樹(shù)根不僅把土壤粉碎成小塊，便于雨水的滲入，還可以牢牢的抓住泥土，防止泥土被沖刷走。但是在沒(méi)有書(shū)的地方，雨水直接落在堅(jiān)硬的地面，在土地表面流走。這不僅會(huì)導(dǎo)致洪水，雨水還會(huì)帶走莊稼賴于生長(zhǎng)的肥沃的表層土。當(dāng)所有的表層土被沖走之后，除了毫無(wú)價(jià)值的沙漠之外，什么也沒(méi)有了。Passage 3樹(shù)木對(duì)于人來(lái)說(shuō)有3個(gè)重要益處：樹(shù)木給人類提供木材和其他產(chǎn)物；樹(shù)木可以讓人們乘涼；樹(shù)木可有效地防止旱澇災(zāi)害?？上У氖?，在世界上許多地方，人類沒(méi)有認(rèn)識(shí)到以上三個(gè)作用中，第三個(gè)是最重要的。人們急切于從樹(shù)木上快速的謀取利益，于是大量的砍伐森林。兩千年之前，有一個(gè)富裕和強(qiáng)大的國(guó)家。為了建立帝國(guó)，砍倒了樹(shù)木來(lái)造

55、戰(zhàn)艦。帝國(guó)建立了，但是，沒(méi)有樹(shù)木的土地變得荒蕪和貧瘠。當(dāng)?shù)蹏?guó)四分五裂的時(shí)候，整個(gè)國(guó)家發(fā)覺(jué)自己面臨的是水災(zāi)和饑荒。就算在政府認(rèn)識(shí)到足夠的樹(shù)木儲(chǔ)備的重要性時(shí)，有時(shí)卻很難讓人民也意識(shí)到這點(diǎn)。人們砍倒了樹(shù)木，卻疏于種植和照料樹(shù)苗。因此，除非政府建立一套體制來(lái)控制或者教育人們，否則森林就會(huì)漸漸消失。森林的消失不僅僅意味著樹(shù)木的減少，還有更嚴(yán)重的后果。在有樹(shù)的地方，樹(shù)根不僅把土壤粉碎成小塊，便于雨水的滲入，還可以牢牢的抓住泥土，防止泥土被沖刷走。但是在沒(méi)有書(shū)的地方，雨水直接落在堅(jiān)硬的地面，在土地表面流走。這不僅會(huì)導(dǎo)致洪水，雨水還會(huì)帶走莊稼賴于生長(zhǎng)的肥沃的表層土。當(dāng)所有的表層土被沖走之后，除了毫無(wú)價(jià)值的沙漠

56、之外，什么也沒(méi)有了。41Trees are useful to man mainly in three ways，the most important of which is that they can _D_A. keep him from the hot sunshine Benable him to build warshipsCmake him draw quick profit from them D .protect him from droughts and floods42Its a great pity that _C_Aman is only interested in b

57、uilding empires Bman is eager to profit from treesCman hasnt realized the importance of trees to him D. man hasnt found out that he has lost all trees43Sooner or later the forests will disappear _C_ A. unless a country has a plenty supply of trees Bunless people stop cutting down their trees Cunless aIl people are taught the importance of planting