涉外禮儀翻譯PPT 2

1、第八章第八章 商務(wù)英語(yǔ)中數(shù)詞、量詞商務(wù)英語(yǔ)中數(shù)詞、量詞 與倍數(shù)的翻譯與倍數(shù)的翻譯第一節(jié) 商務(wù)英語(yǔ)中數(shù)詞的翻譯 第二節(jié) 商務(wù)英語(yǔ)中量詞的翻譯第三節(jié) 倍數(shù)的譯法第四節(jié) 英文數(shù)字的表示方法第一節(jié) 商務(wù)英語(yǔ)中數(shù)詞的翻譯一、數(shù)詞的實(shí)指二、實(shí)指數(shù)詞的翻譯方法三、數(shù)詞類的詞綴四、數(shù)詞的虛指五、虛指數(shù)詞的翻譯方法 一、數(shù)詞的實(shí)指 指數(shù)字代表它本身的數(shù)目。商務(wù)英語(yǔ)中實(shí)指數(shù)量包括商品的價(jià)格，規(guī)格、運(yùn)送日期等，在翻譯時(shí)應(yīng)采取一對(duì)一直接翻譯方法。 二、實(shí)指數(shù)詞的翻譯方法 1. 填空計(jì)數(shù)法 b m th 十億 億 千萬(wàn) 百萬(wàn) 十萬(wàn) 萬(wàn) 千 如:one billion three hunderd and seventy-

2、five million six hundred thousand 應(yīng)寫為 b m th 十億 億 千萬(wàn) 百萬(wàn) 十萬(wàn) 萬(wàn) 千 百 十 個(gè) 1， 3 7 5， 6 0 0 請(qǐng)翻譯下列數(shù)字： 56,123,987 180,000,000 180,435 2. 分節(jié)號(hào)計(jì)數(shù)法 在記錄數(shù)字中可以用“，” “，” “，”分別來(lái)表示thousand, million和billion，通常把“,”寫在數(shù)字的右上角。如： six thounsand 6 three million 3 ten billion 10 請(qǐng)用分節(jié)號(hào)記錄下列數(shù)字并進(jìn)行翻譯 六點(diǎn)二億 一百四十六點(diǎn)九億 三十九萬(wàn)零五百八十 fifty th

3、ree million five hundred and nine thousand two hundred and thirty four billion four hundred million eight hundred and twenty four thousand 三、數(shù)字類的詞綴 uni=one unique union bi=two bicycle bilingual twi=two twin twice tri=three triangle triple tripod quadr=four quarter quadrangle quadruple(四倍的，使成四倍) pent

4、a=five pentagon(五角形) pentagram (星形) pentahedron(五面體) sex/hexa=six sextuple (六倍的) sexennial(連續(xù)六年的) hexagon(六角形) sept/hepta=seven septuple(七倍) septuplet(七胞胎) heptagon(七角形) oct=eight octopus(八爪魚) octagon(八角形) noven/nona=nine nonagon(九角形) nonary (九進(jìn)位的) deca=ten decade(十年) decathlon(十項(xiàng)全能冠軍) 四、數(shù)詞的虛指 指數(shù)字并不

5、代表它本身的具體數(shù)目，而是一種脫離了數(shù)字實(shí)指的文化意義。 五、虛指數(shù)詞翻譯方法 1. 等值翻譯 A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit. 吃一塹，長(zhǎng)一智 A fence needs the support of three stakes, and an able fellow needs the help of three other people. 一個(gè)籬笆三個(gè)樁，一個(gè)好漢三個(gè)幫。 to kill two birds with one stone 一箭雙雕 2. 不等值翻譯 (1)轉(zhuǎn)譯：某些特定的英文習(xí)語(yǔ)，并沒(méi)有與之完全對(duì)應(yīng)的漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)，此時(shí)需要對(duì)原文仔

6、細(xì)揣摩，充分理解其含意，力求在忠實(shí)于原文的基礎(chǔ)上在目的語(yǔ)中找到適當(dāng)?shù)脑~句。 Two heads are better than one. 三個(gè)臭皮匠，湊個(gè)諸葛亮。 at six and sevens 亂七八糟 one after another 接二連三 once bit, twice shy. 一日遭蛇咬，三年怕井繩。 a narrow escape from death 九死一生 (2)省略 I have emphasized a thousand and one times you should enclose the agenda. 我反復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)你應(yīng)該附上議程。 The economi

7、c recession has really put our new business behind the eight ball. 經(jīng)濟(jì)不景氣讓我們的新業(yè)務(wù)陷入了危機(jī)。 (3)增譯 He acts differently from when we negotiated last. 他與上次談判時(shí)判若兩人。 It is ture our price is a bitter higher compared with that of other suppliers, but you know you get what you pay for. 我方價(jià)格是比其他供貨商高些，但要知道一分錢一分貨。 第

8、二節(jié) 商務(wù)英語(yǔ)中量詞的翻譯一、英語(yǔ)中有關(guān)量詞的表達(dá)法二、量詞的翻譯方法一、英語(yǔ)中有關(guān)量詞的表達(dá)法1. 一般性表示個(gè)數(shù)的量詞：a piece of meat/paper/music/information/furniturea bit of woods/trouble an item of news/ businessan article of luggage/clothing2.以形狀表示個(gè)數(shù)的量詞:a bar of chocolate a bunch of flowers a cake of soapa cluster of stars a drop of rain an ear of wh

9、eat a flght of stairs a head of sheep a lump of sugar a slice of bread a swarm of bees 3. 表示容積的詞a bottle of milk a bowl of rice a handful of soil (一抔土)a package of cigarette a spoonful of oil (一勺油)a pot of tea a plot of land a heap of rubbish 4. 含動(dòng)作意義或表示狀態(tài)的單位量詞： an attack of fever a burst of anger a

10、 thread of hope a spasm of coughing a ray of light a gust of wind a stroke of luck a heat of steel (一爐鋼) a shower of stones(如雨點(diǎn)一般的石頭) a stroke of luck (三生有幸) 5. 表示成雙、成組、成群的單位量詞： an army of soilders (一大批戰(zhàn)士) a bench of judges(一群法官) a board of directors(董事會(huì)) a litter of pigs(一窩小豬) a gang of hooligans(一

11、伙流氓) a herd of elephants(一群大象，herd與牛、羊等四角獸搭配) 二、量詞的增加 1. 增加個(gè)體量詞 They made out two contracts. 他們擬寫了兩份合同。 We are looking for a company to act as our agent in the U.S. 我們正尋找一家公司作為我公司在美國(guó)的代理。 2.增加動(dòng)量詞 I am going to tour around the mountain city. 我打算在座山城逛一逛。 He glanced through the document on the table. 他掃

12、了一眼桌面上的文件。 Let me think it over before making a decision. 讓我思考一下才做決定吧。 三、量詞的選詞 1. 英語(yǔ)與漢語(yǔ)量詞一一對(duì)應(yīng) The goods should be shipped by a steamer at a port on the West Coast . 貨物應(yīng)從西海岸的一個(gè)港口由一艘輪船裝運(yùn)。 In compliance with your request, we are enclosing herewith two catalogs and a range of pamphlets for your guidance

13、. 應(yīng)你方要求，茲附寄兩份商品目錄和一套小冊(cè)子。 2. 一詞多義與選詞 It is a piece of exquisite beauty. 它是一件優(yōu)美的珍品。 The man wrote the address on a piece of paper. 那人將地址寫在了一張紙頭上。 Still, money remained a physical thing-that thing being a piece of gold or silver. 然而，貨幣仍然是一種物理概念：一塊金子或銀子。 第三節(jié) 倍數(shù)的譯法 一、倍數(shù)的表示法 二、倍數(shù)增加的譯法 三、倍數(shù)減少的譯法 一、倍數(shù)的表達(dá)法 1

14、. 同級(jí)比較表倍數(shù) (1)numeral+倍數(shù)+as+adj.+as The grain output this year is about 3 times as great as that of last year. 今年的糧食總產(chǎn)量大約是去年的三倍。 The office is five folds as large as that one. 這間辦公室是那間的五倍。 試譯： 這棵樹是那棵樹的三倍高。 譯文：The tree is three times as tall as that one. 亞洲有歐洲的四倍大。 Asia is four times as large as the E

15、urope. (2)numeral+倍數(shù)+the+n.+of The newly broadened square is four times the size of the previous one. 新擴(kuò)建的廣場(chǎng)是原來(lái)的四倍大。 試譯： 地球的大小是月球的四十九倍。 譯文：The earth is 49 times the size of the moon. 上海有我們家鄉(xiāng)的十倍大。 譯文：Shanghai is ten times the size of our hometown. 這本詞典有那本詞典兩倍那么重。 譯文：The dictionary is twice the weight

16、 of that one. 2. 不同級(jí)比較表倍數(shù) It contains almost three times more iron than aluminum.其中含鐵量比鋁高三倍。 The plastic container is five times lighter than that glass one. 這個(gè)塑料容器比那個(gè)玻璃容器輕五倍。 The prime cost will be two times larger. 主要成本將超出兩倍。 試譯： 這根塑料管比那根鋼管輕五倍。 譯文：The plastic tube is five times lighter than that s

17、teel one. 這個(gè)不銹鋼碗比那個(gè)塑料碗重差不多三倍。 譯文：The steeless bowl is almost three times heavier than that plastic one.二、倍數(shù)增加的譯法1. 表示增加意義的詞+倍數(shù)常見(jiàn)的表示增加意義的詞有increase, rise, exceed, grow,raise, expand, go up等。The dairy products we consume this year expands twotimes.我們今年消耗的奶制品增加了兩倍。The total volume of state purchase in

18、the first quater roseby 5.2 percent, compared with the same period of the lastyear. 和去年同期相比，國(guó)家第一季度的總采購(gòu)量增長(zhǎng)了5.2%。試譯：人口在過(guò)去的25年內(nèi)增加了200%譯文：Population has increased by 200% in the past 25years.2.表示增加意義的詞+by a factor of (倍數(shù)，指量的增減)+數(shù) 詞 The GDP per capita of this country has increased by afactor of two since

19、 1978.自1978年這個(gè)國(guó)家的人均國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值已經(jīng)增長(zhǎng)了兩倍。The speed exceeds the average speed by a factor of 3.5.該速度超過(guò)平均速度三倍半。試譯：所耗能量已經(jīng)增長(zhǎng)了8倍。譯文：The amount of the energy used has gone up by afactor of eight.自1992年以來(lái),電冰箱的年產(chǎn)量增加了4倍譯文：The annual output of the refrigerators has beenincreased by a factor of four since 1992.3.表示倍數(shù)意

20、義的詞+賓語(yǔ)/表語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)中表示倍數(shù)意義的動(dòng)詞主要有double, treble, quadruple,quintuple等。Terminal Three will double the capacity of the existing one. 三號(hào)航站樓是現(xiàn)有航站樓容量的兩倍。The world population is doubling every 35 years.世界人口每隔35年就翻番。By 1966 the grain harvest had trebled.到1966年谷物收成增加到了原來(lái)的三倍。In the last twenty years wheat production has almostquadrupled. 這二十年來(lái)小麥產(chǎn)量幾乎增長(zhǎng)為原來(lái)的四倍。三、倍數(shù)減少的譯法1. 表示減少意義的詞+倍數(shù)常見(jiàn)的表示減少意義的詞有decrease, shrink, drop, declin加上數(shù)詞來(lái)說(shuō)明減少的數(shù)字。Over the a seven-year