中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)-名詞

1、 熟記已學(xué)過(guò)的名詞；熟記已學(xué)過(guò)的名詞；掌握常用名詞的數(shù)的變化；掌握常用名詞的數(shù)的變化；掌握名詞所有格的構(gòu)成及其變化；掌握名詞所有格的構(gòu)成及其變化；掌握可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞的區(qū)別及用法。掌握可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞的區(qū)別及用法。中考考查形式：中考考查形式：選擇題、單詞拼寫(xiě)及選詞填選擇題、單詞拼寫(xiě)及選詞填空題空題、完成句子、完成句子 CHU SAN YING YU ZONG FU XICHU SAN YING YU ZONG FU XI 考點(diǎn)揭密考點(diǎn)揭密1.掌握名詞的概念、分類(lèi)，名詞可分為：普通名掌握名詞的概念、分類(lèi)，名詞可分為：普通名詞和專(zhuān)有名詞；詞和專(zhuān)有名詞；2.掌握名詞復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成、用法；名詞所有

2、格的構(gòu)掌握名詞復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成、用法；名詞所有格的構(gòu)成方法及用法；成方法及用法；3.理解名詞在句中的功能，掌握名詞作主語(yǔ)、表理解名詞在句中的功能，掌握名詞作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)的用法；用法；4.能夠辨析部分名詞的用法區(qū)別，并熟練運(yùn)用，能夠辨析部分名詞的用法區(qū)別，并熟練運(yùn)用，如：如：family,home,house;work,job等等 名詞的數(shù)名詞的數(shù)名詞的所有格名詞的所有格名詞的變化名詞的變化可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞名詞可以分為名詞可以分為專(zhuān)有名詞專(zhuān)有名詞和和普通名詞普通名詞，專(zhuān)有名詞是，專(zhuān)有名詞是某個(gè)（些）人，地方，機(jī)構(gòu)等專(zhuān)

3、有的名稱(chēng)，如某個(gè)（些）人，地方，機(jī)構(gòu)等專(zhuān)有的名稱(chēng)，如BeijingBeijing，ChinaChina等。普通名詞是一類(lèi)人或東西或等。普通名詞是一類(lèi)人或東西或是一個(gè)抽象概念的名詞，如：是一個(gè)抽象概念的名詞，如：bookbook，sadnesssadness等。等。普通名詞又可分為下面四類(lèi)：普通名詞又可分為下面四類(lèi)：_|專(zhuān)有名詞專(zhuān)有名詞|名名|個(gè)體名詞個(gè)體名詞|可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)名詞|集體名詞集體名詞|普通名詞普通名詞|詞詞|物質(zhì)名詞物質(zhì)名詞|不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞|抽象名詞抽象名詞|1）個(gè)體名詞：）個(gè)體名詞：表示某類(lèi)人或東西中的個(gè)體，如：表示某類(lèi)人或東西中的個(gè)體，如：gun。2）集體名詞：）集體名詞：

4、表示若干個(gè)個(gè)體組成的集合體，表示若干個(gè)個(gè)體組成的集合體，如：如：family。3物質(zhì)名詞物質(zhì)名詞:表示無(wú)法分為個(gè)體的實(shí)物表示無(wú)法分為個(gè)體的實(shí)物,如如air。4）抽象名詞：）抽象名詞：表示動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、感情等表示動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、感情等抽象概念，如：抽象概念，如：work。個(gè)體名詞和集體名詞可以用數(shù)目來(lái)計(jì)算，稱(chēng)為個(gè)體名詞和集體名詞可以用數(shù)目來(lái)計(jì)算，稱(chēng)為可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)名詞，物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞一般無(wú)法用數(shù)，物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞一般無(wú)法用數(shù)目計(jì)算，稱(chēng)為目計(jì)算，稱(chēng)為不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞。flowerflowers找規(guī)律找規(guī)律watchesfactory-factoriesleaf - leavesbox

5、es找規(guī)律找規(guī)律tomatoespotatoesheroesradiosphotos找規(guī)律找規(guī)律zoospianos不規(guī)則變化不規(guī)則變化child-childrenwoman-womendeersheepman-mengoose-geese以以s結(jié)尾，仍為單數(shù)的名詞，如：結(jié)尾，仍為單數(shù)的名詞，如： a. maths，politics，physics等學(xué)科名詞，一般等學(xué)科名詞，一般 是不可數(shù)名詞，為單數(shù)。是不可數(shù)名詞，為單數(shù)。 b. news 為不可數(shù)名詞。為不可數(shù)名詞。 c. the United States，the United Nations 應(yīng)應(yīng)視為單數(shù)視為單數(shù)。The United

6、Nations was organized in 1945. 聯(lián)合國(guó)是聯(lián)合國(guó)是1945年組建起來(lái)年組建起來(lái)d. 以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的書(shū)名，劇名，報(bào)紙，雜志名，以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的書(shū)名，劇名，報(bào)紙，雜志名，也可視為單數(shù)。例如：也可視為單數(shù)。例如：The Arabian Nights is a very interesting story-book. 一千零一夜一千零一夜是一本非常有趣的是一本非常有趣的故事書(shū)。故事書(shū)。1 ） 表 示 由 兩 部 分 構(gòu) 成 的 東 西表 示 由 兩 部 分 構(gòu) 成 的 東 西 ， 如 ：， 如 ：glasses （眼鏡）（眼鏡）trousers,clothes等，等，若表

7、達(dá)具體數(shù)目，要借助數(shù)量詞若表達(dá)具體數(shù)目，要借助數(shù)量詞 pair（對(duì)，（對(duì)，雙）雙）;suit（套）（套）; a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers等。等。2） 另外還有一些名詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式有時(shí)可另外還有一些名詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式有時(shí)可表示特別意思，表示特別意思，如：如：goods貨物，貨物，waters水水域，域，fishes（各種）魚(yú)（各種）魚(yú) 1. 1.不可數(shù)名詞無(wú)復(fù)數(shù)，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)?？闯刹豢蓴?shù)名詞無(wú)復(fù)數(shù)，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)?？闯蓡螖?shù)單數(shù) *Somebreadisoverthere.*Nonewsisgoodnews. 2. 2.常用常用howmuch,much,al

8、ittle,little,alotof,some,any等來(lái)修飾不可數(shù)名詞等來(lái)修飾不可數(shù)名詞 *Theyhadmuchmoney.*Hedoeslittlehouseworkathome.a bottle of juicea glass of orangetwo boxes of milk不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞 3. 3.sports,clothes*asportsfield*aclothesshop看例題識(shí)所有格看例題識(shí)所有格 1. Beijing is the capital of China. Beijing is Chinas capital. 2. This is Mary and h

9、er sisters bedroom. Bob and Lucys sister is a nurse. 3. These are Toms and Lilys bags.4. She is the two boys mother.5. the door of the room the leaves of the tree 6. the girls name=the name of the girl7. He is a friend of my brothers.的的練習(xí)練習(xí)1. 1. Ten years _(is ,are) short time for me.Ten years _(is

10、,are) short time for me.2. 2. A pair of shoes _(is, are) under the bed.A pair of shoes _(is, are) under the bed.3. 3. The number of the students in our school The number of the students in our school _(is ,are) 2,000._(is ,are) 2,000.4. 4. The woman with two children _( is ,are ) The woman with two

11、children _( is ,are ) coming ing here.5. 5. Neither he nor I _(are, am ) an American.Neither he nor I _(are, am ) an American.is isis isis isis isamam6. Maths6. Maths _(are, is ) hard to learn for the boy. _(are, is ) hard to learn for the boy.7. They are all _( woman, teachers ; 7. They are all _(

12、woman, teachers ; women teachers).women teachers).8. The population of China _(are, is ) over 8. The population of China _(are, is ) over 1,300,000,000.1,300,000,000.9. There are many _(peoples,people )in the street in 9. There are many _(peoples,people )in the street in summer.summer.10. One of the

13、 students _(have, has) gone to Shanghai.10. One of the students _(have, has) gone to Shanghai.is isis iswomen teacherswomen teacherspeoplepeoplehashas練習(xí)練習(xí)1.Several_aretalkingunderthetreeAndtheyare_.Awoman;childrenBwoman;childCwomen;children2.Howfarisyourschoolfromhere？NotveryfarItsabouttwentywalk.Am

14、inutesBminutes Cminutes3.Therearethreeinmyfamily.A.people B.personC.child4.Moststudentscangotocollegeforfurtherinourcity.A.educationB.informationC.science5.Thisisbedroom.Thetwinsisterlikeitverymuch.A.AnnandJaneB.AnnandJanesC.AnnsandJanesCCAAB( )1.Pleasegiveme_paper.A.oneB.apieceC.aD.apieceof( )2.Thi

15、stableismadeof_.A.manyglassB.someglassesC.glassesD.glass()3.Billrunsfast.Hewonthe_800metreraceyesterday. Aboys Bboys CboyDboys.( )4.Some_cametoourschoolforavisitthatday.A.GermansB.GermenC.GermanyD.Germanies( )5.Inthepicturetherearemany_andtwo_.A.sheeps;foxesB.sheeps;foxesC.sheep;foxesD.sheep;foxsDDB

16、AC()6.Thisisnotmycap,butmy_.A.brothersB.brothersC.brothers D.brother()7.Theywritemostoftheir_inEnglish.A.businessletterB.businesslettersC.businessesD.businessesletters()8._are_forcuttingthings.A.Knife,usedB.Knives,usingC.Knife,usingD.Knives,used()9.Johnbought_forhimselfyesterday.A.twopairsofshoesB.t

17、wopairofshoeC.twopairofshoesD.twopairsshoes()10.Excuseme,whereisthe_?A.mensroomB.mensroomC.mensroomsD.menroomsBBDAA根據(jù)所給單詞的正確形式填空：根據(jù)所給單詞的正確形式填空：1.Differentpeoplemayhavedifferent_.(idea)2.Ioftengotoworkon .(foot)3.Iknowoneofthe.(boy)4.Mr.Browniswearingapairof.(glass)5.Pleasegivethemtheir .(photo)6.Are

18、thereanyinthebox?(watch)7.Therearetwelveinayear.(month)8.Wouldyoulikesome ?(tomato)9.Lookatthoseintheboats!(people)10.Look!Thearesinging.(woman)11.September10thisDay.(teacher)12.Jimhassome .(knife)13.Howmucharethese?(vegetable)14.Myschoolistwenty_walkfromhere.(minute)15.Thegirlunderthetreeisafriendo

19、f_.(Lucy)ideasfootboysglassesphotoswatchesmonthstomatoespeoplewomenTeachersknivesvegetablesminutesLucys【例【例1】Today is September 10th.Its_Day. A.Teachers B.Teachers C.the Teachers D.Teachers 典型例題解析典型例題解析【例【例2】 Im afraid that there is no_ for you in my car,because there are already five people. A.land

20、 B.ground C.room D.floorBC 【例【例3】 These Germans want to have some_for supper,so they decide to catch_now. A.fish,many B.fishes,much C.fish,much D.fishes,many 【例【例4】 I am thirsty.Would you bring me_,please? A.some bread B.some water C.some cakes D.some eggs【例【例5】 Some_are flying kites near the river.

21、 A.child B.boy C.boys D.childs AB C.將下列詞組譯成英語(yǔ)將下列詞組譯成英語(yǔ)1.三雙鞋三雙鞋 _2.二十個(gè)女教師二十個(gè)女教師 _3.兩瓶橘汁兩瓶橘汁 _4.Tom父親的一個(gè)朋友父親的一個(gè)朋友 _5.少年宮少年宮 _ 課時(shí)訓(xùn)練課時(shí)訓(xùn)練there pairs of shoestwenty women teacherstwo bottles of orange juicea friend of Toms fathersthe Childrens Palace1.The rich_not always happy. A.are B.is C.have D.has2.In

22、 Britain,_are all painted red. A.letter boxes B.letters boxes C.letter box D.letters box3.There are four_and two_in the group. A.Japanese，Germen B.Japaneses，Germen C.Japanese，German D.Japanese，Germans4.She was born in Wuhan,but Beijing has become her second_. A.home B.family C.house D.country 5.Mother brought me_. A.a good news B.a piece of news C.many good news D.two news 課時(shí)訓(xùn)練課時(shí)訓(xùn)練AADAB6.March 8th is _Day. A.Womans B.Womens C.Womans D.Women 7.We can do the work better with_money and _ people. A.less,fewer B.fewer,less C.little,lit