人教版Book 3 Unit 3 語法賓語從句和表語從句學案

1、高一英語必修三unit 3 語法名詞性從句：賓語從句和表語從句名詞性從句的定義1、 名詞： 2、 名詞在句子當中一般充當?shù)某煞郑?3、名詞性從句：在復合句中起_作用的從句叫做名詞性從句。名詞性從句的作用相當于_，因此_、_ 、_和_從句分別作主句的主語、表語、賓語和同位語。觀察下列從Reading 中選取的句子，思考句中黑體詞引導什么從句It is Henry Adams, an American businessman, who is lost in London and does not know what he should do. May we ask what youre doing

2、 in this country and what your plans are? I cant say that I have any plans. Im afraid (that)I dont quite follow you, sir. I dont think(that) its very funny. The fact is that I earned my passage by working as an unpaid hand, which accounts for my appearance. Thats why we have given you the letter.【自我

3、總結(jié)】 為_從句， 、 為_從句一、賓語從句1、定義：在復合句中作動詞或介詞賓語的從句叫賓語從句。2、類別1）_的賓語從句: I heard that he would come here later on. 2）_的賓語從句: He said nothing about who broke the window last night. 3） _的賓語從句這類形容詞或過去分詞有sure, glad, certain, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied等，連詞that可省略。 I am not sure what I ought to do

4、. Im surprised that I didnt see all that before. Mother was very pleased her daughter had passed the exams.3、句子結(jié)構(gòu)：主句 +連詞(引導詞)+ 賓語從句She asked if these answers were right.We can learn what we do not know.4、賓語從句的引導詞(1) 從屬連詞that He told us that he felt ill. 他對我們說他感到不舒服。 I know（that）he has returned.我知道他已

5、經(jīng)回來了。（此處that可省略）分析：從句中_(缺/不缺)句子成分，_（有/無）實際意義，只起連接作用，所以填that(2)從屬連詞if/whether。如： I doubt whether he will succeed. 我懷疑他是否會成功。 I dont know if you can help me. 我不知道你能否幫助我。分析：從句中_(缺/不缺)句子成分，意為_,只起連接作用，所以填if/ whetherwhether 與if 引導賓語從句的區(qū)別情況whetherif從句置于句首時從句作介詞的賓語時從句作discuss, doubt （doubt用于肯定結(jié)構(gòu)時）等動詞的賓語時與or

6、 not 或動詞不定式直接連用時用if容易產(chǎn)生歧義時從句為否定句時操練：用if/whether填空。_ she will come or not is still a question她是否能來還是個問題。Im interested in _ he likes English我關(guān)心的是他是否喜歡英語。 Let me know _ or not he will come. 讓我知道他是否能來。He hasnt decided _ to visit the old man. 他尚未決定是否拜訪那位老人。_ this is true or not，I cant say這是否真的我說不上來。 Peop

7、le doubt _ he is a thief. 人們懷疑他是否是小偷。 He asked _ I didnt come to school yesterday.他問我昨天是否沒來學校。注意：Please let me know if you like the book可理解為：If you like the book，please let me know你如果喜歡這本書，請告訴我(3)連接代詞who, what, whom, whose, whichDo you know who has won the game？ 你知道是誰贏得這場游戲么？分析：從句中缺_語，指代_（人/ 物），意為_,

8、 所以填whoI wonder what hes writing to me about. 我不知道他要給我寫信說什么事。分析：從句中缺_語，指代_（人/ 物），意為_, 所以填what They asked me whom we were talking with.分析：從句中缺_語，指代_（人/ 物），意為_, 所以填whomCan you tell me whose mother this is ？分析：從句中缺_語，指代_（人/ 物），意為_, 所以填whose Do you know whose bag that is ? 分析：從句中缺_語，指代_（人/ 物），意為_, 所以填wh

9、ose I want to know which book you like to read best of the three.分析：從句中缺_語，指代_（人/ 物），意為_, 所以填which（4）連接副詞when ,where, why, how He didnt tell me when we should meet again. 他沒有告訴我什么時候我們能再見面。分析：從句中缺_語，意為_, 所以填when None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.分析：從句中缺_語，意為_, 所以填where Ill tell you

10、 why I asked you to come. 我會告訴你我為什么要你來。分析：從句中缺_語，意為_, 所以填why Could you please tell me how you use the new panel.分析：從句中缺_語，意為_, 所以填how 4、 引導詞用法小結(jié)類別引導詞用法從屬連詞that只起連接作用，不作句子成分，無實際意義if, whether只起連接作用，不作句子成分，意為“是否”連接代詞who在從句中作主語，意為“誰”，指人what在從句中作主語/賓語/表語，意為“什么”，指物whom在從句中作賓語，意為“誰”，指人whose在從句中作定語，意為“誰的”，指

11、人/物which在從句中作定語，意為“哪一個”，指人/物連接副詞when在從句中作時間狀語，意為“什么時候”where在從句中作地點狀語，意為“在哪里”why在從句中作原因狀語，意為“為什么”how在從句中作方式狀語，意為“怎樣”4、時態(tài)1. 主句用現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r，從句可用任何時態(tài)，根據(jù)實際情況而定I know that he lives here.I know that he lived here ten years ago. I have heard that he will come tomorrow.2. 如果主句是過去的時態(tài)（一般過去時，過去進行時），從句的時態(tài)一定要用相對應的過去的

12、某種時（一般過去時，過去進行時，過去將來時，過去完成時）I knew who lived here. I saw that she was talking with her mother.He said that his father had gone to Beijing.3. 從句說明的是一般真理、客觀事實、自然現(xiàn)象時，仍用一般現(xiàn)在時。He told the boy that three and three is six.He told me that the earth moves around the sun.5、注意事項1） 從句是并列句時，第二個分句前的that不可省略。 He p

13、honed us to tell (that) it was time for us to set off and that he would wait for us at the first crossing. (第一個that可省略，第二個that不可省略)2） 在insist，demand，order，suggest, propose, advise, desire等表示堅持、命令、 建議等意義的動詞后，that賓語從句中謂語常用“(should)+動詞原形”，表示虛擬。 Wangwei insisted that she (should) organize the trip well.

14、 3） 動詞+it + 形容詞或慣用搭配+that從句，it為形式賓語，that從句為真正的賓語。I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day . 我認為每天多喝開水是有必要的。4） 動詞doubt用于否定結(jié)構(gòu)或疑問結(jié)構(gòu)時，賓語從句的引導詞用that。5） 否定前移：主句為第一人稱，主語謂語為think, believe, imagine, suppose和expect等動詞，后面的否定性賓語從句，要把主句的動詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄊ?。I dont believe you are a liar. 2、 表語從句1、概念： 表

15、語從句是在復合句中作表語的從句。 2、句子結(jié)構(gòu)：放在系動詞之后,一般結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語+系動詞+表語從句” 3、可以接表語從句的連系動詞有be, look, remain, seem等。常見的系動詞的三種類型：A表示特征和狀態(tài)： be, look, sound, taste, smell, seem, appear等B表示由一類狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)為另一類狀態(tài):get, become, grow, turn, fall, go, come, run等C表示某種狀態(tài)的：remain, keep, prove, continue, stay等4、引導詞類別引導詞用法從屬連詞that只起連接作用，不作句子成分，無實際意

16、義whether只起連接作用，不作句子成分，意為“是否”不能用if 替換連接代詞who, what，whom, whose，which等用法與賓語從句的一樣連接副詞when, where, why, how用法與賓語從句的一樣其他連詞because主句主語一般不用reasonas if / as though表語從句表示的情況發(fā)生的可能性較小時常用虛擬語氣 由從屬連詞that，whether 引導的表語從句1）The trouble is that she has lost his money.麻煩的事是他丟了錢。that不作成分2）The problem was that it was to

17、o valuable for everyday use. that不作成分問題是它作為日常之用太貴重了。3）The question is whether we need more ice cream. whether不作成分問題是我們是否還需要一些冰淇淋。 由關(guān)系代詞which, who, what, whose 等引導的表語從句1）The question is which of us should go.問題是我們哪一個應該去which 作_2）The problem was who could do the work.問題是誰能做這項工作。who作_3) Thats what he i

18、s worrying about.那就是他在擔心的事。（what作_）3） Time is what we should treasure.時間應該是我們珍惜的。 （what作_）4） China is no longer what it used to be. 中國不再是過去的中國。（what作_） 由關(guān)系副詞when, where, why, how引導的表語從句1) Go and get your coat. Its where you left it. 去把雨衣拿來,就在你原來放的地方2） I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. Thats

19、why I got wet through. 我們既沒傘也沒雨衣，這是我們淋濕的原因。3)That is how mice ruin many stores of grain every year.那就是老鼠是怎樣每年損害大量糧食的。 由連詞because，as if/as though等引導的表語從句1）It looked as if it was going to snow.看起來好像要下雪了。2）It seems as if he didnt know the answer.好像他不知道答案。3）Thats because we never thought of it.這是因為我們從未想

20、過此事。5、注意事項1）表語從句一定要用陳述語序( ) The question is when can he arrive at the hotel.( ) The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.2）不可以用 if，而用whether 連接表語從句(as if 例外）位于介詞后要用whether，位于句首時要用whether引導表語從句，主語從句，同位語從句時要用whether( )The question is if the enemy is marching towards us.( ) The question is wheth

21、er the enemy is marching towards us.( ) It looked as if he had understood this question.3）不像賓語從句，在有表語從句的復合句中，主句時態(tài)和從句時態(tài)可以不一致( ) The question is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.( ) The question is why he cried yesterday.3) that在表語從句中不可以省掉。4) that, why, because引導表語從句的區(qū)別 that, why, because都可

22、引導表語從句。表示原因的名詞（because, cause）作句子主語時，后面的表語從句常用that 引導，不可用because.The reason why he was late was that he missed the first train this morning. because 引導的表語從句常用于thats because 結(jié)構(gòu)，說明的是原因。why 引導的表語從句常用于thats why 結(jié)構(gòu)，說明的是結(jié)果。I was late for school this morning. Thats because I stayed up too late last night.I

23、 stayed up too late last night. Thats why I was late for school this morning.5) 主語是表示建議、命令、要求、計劃（suggestion, advice, proposal, order, command, request, requirement, demand, plan）等的名詞時，表語從句應該用虛擬語氣，即從句謂語動詞用“should+ 動詞原形”，should可以省略。 My suggestion is that we (should) set off early tomorrow. 練習一、單句改錯1.

24、He said the text was very important and we should learn it by heart.2. My worry is that he can get there on time.3. The reason why he failed was because he hadnt studied hard.4. What we need are time.5. Here are two books. You can take whatever you want.二、用適當?shù)脑~填空，使下列賓語從句和表語從句意思完整。1. He told me _ he

25、would go to college the next year.2. I dont know _ there will be a bus.3. I really dont know _ you should depend on if you dont depend on your parents.4. He didnt tell me _ he would come back from Shanghai next time.5. Let me know _ train youll be arriving on.6. Can you work out _ much we will spend during the trip?7. Make sure _ there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.8. We think it necessary _ we take plenty of hot water every day.9. Tom is very lazy. That is _ he didnt pass the exam.10. This is _ we found the strange trees.11. My idea is _ we should all do