2019年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)真題完整版(第3套)

1、2019年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)真題完整版（第3套）PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanewsreporttoyourcampusnewspaperonavisittoavolunteeractivityorganizedbyyourStudentUnion.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartnListeningComprehension(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthis

2、section,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthenquestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughth

3、ecentre.本次四級(jí)考試只有2套聽(tīng)力Part川ReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedby

4、aletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.YoumaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonceQuestions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Justbecausetheycantsingoperaorrideabicycledoesnmeanthatanimalsdonhaveculture.Theresnobetterexampleofthisthankill

5、erwhales.Asoneofthemost_26_predators食肉動(dòng)物),killerwhalesmaynotfitthe_27_ofaculturedcreature.However,thesebeastsoftheseadodisplayavastrangeofhighly_28_behaviorsthatappeartobedrivingtheirgeneticdevelopment.Thewordculture”comesfromtheLatincolere,”which_29_meanstocultivate.”Inotherwords,itreferstoanything

6、thatis_30_orlearnt,ratherthaninstinctiveornatural.Amonghumanpopulations,culturenotonlyaffectsthewaywelive,butalsowritesitselfintoourgenes,affectingwhoweare.Forinstanee,havingspentmanygenerationshuntingthefatmarinemammalsoftheArctic,theEskimosofGreenlandhavedevelopedcertaingenetic_31_thathelpthemdige

7、standutilizethisfat-richdiet,therebyallowingthemto_32_intheircoldclimate.Likehumans,killerwhaleshavecolonizedarangeofdifferent_33_acrosstheglobe,occupyingeveryoceanbasinontheplanet,withanempirethat_34_frompoletopole.Assuch,differentpopulationsofkillerwhaleshavehadtolearndifferenthuntingtechniquesino

8、rdertogaintheupperhandovertheirlocalprey(獵物).This,inturn,hasamajoreffectontheirdiet,leadingscientiststo_35_thattheabilitytolearnpopulation-specifichuntingmethodscouldbedrivingtheanimalsgeneticdevelopment.A) acquiredB) adaptationsC) brutalD) deliberatelyE) expressedF) extendsG) habitatsH) humbleI) im

9、ageJ)literallyK)refinedL) revolvesM)speculateN)structureO)thriveSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoeachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachp

10、aragraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.Livingwithparentsedgesoutotherlivingarrangementsfor18-to34-year-oldsA Broaddemographic(人口的)shiftsismaritalstatus,educationalattainmentandemploymenthavetransformedthewayyoungadultsintheU.S.areliving,andanewPew

11、ResearchCenteranalysishighlightstheimplicationsofthesechangesforthemostbasicelementoftheirliveswheretheycallhome.In2014,forthefirsttimeinmorethan130years,adultsages18to34wereslightlymorelikelytobelivingintheirparentshomethantheyweretobelivingwithaspouseorpartnerintheirownhousehold.B Thisturnofevents

12、isfueledprimarilybythedramaticdropintheshareofyoungAmericanswhoarechoosingtosettledownromanticallybeforeage35.Datingbackto1880,themostcommonlivingarrangementamongyoungadultshasbeenlivingwitharomanticpartner,whetheraspouseorasignificantother.Thistypeofarrangementpeakedaround1960,when62%ofthenations18

13、-to34-year-oldswerelivingwithaspouseorpartnerintheirownhousehold,andonlyone-in-fivewerelivingwiththeirparents.C By2014,31.6%ofyoungadultswerelivingwithaspouseorpartnerintheirownhousehold,belowthesharelivinginthehomeoftheirparent(s)(32.1%).Some14%ofyoungadultslivedalone,wereasingleparentorlivedwithon

14、eormoreroommates.Theremaining22%livedinthehomeofanotherfamilymember(suchasagrandparent,in-laworsibling(兄弟姐妹),anon-relative,oringroupquarterslikecollegedormitories.D Itsworthnotingthattheoverallshareofyoungadultslivingwiththeirparentswasnotatarecordhighin2014.Thisarrangementpeakedaround1940,whenabout

15、35%ofthenations18-to34-year-oldslivedwithmomand/ordad(comparedwith32%in2014).Whathaschanged,instead,istherelativeshareadoptingdifferentwaysoflivinginearlyadulthood,withthedeclineofromanticcouplingpushinglivingathometothetopofamuchlessuniformlistoflivingarrangements.E Amongyoungadults,livingarrangeme

16、ntsdiffersignificantlybygender.Formenages18to34,livingathomewithmomand/ordadhasbeenthedominantlivingarrangementsince2009,In2014,28%ofyoungmenwerelivingwithaspouseofpartnerintheirownhome,while35%werelivinginthehomeoftheirparent(s).Youngwomen,however,arestillmorelikelytobelivingwithaspouseofromanticpa

17、rtner(35%)thantheyaretobelivingwiththeirparent(s)(29%).F In2014,moreyoungwomen(16%)thanyoungmen(13%)wereheadingupahouseholdwithoutaspouseorpartner.Thisismainlybecausewomenaremorelikelythanmentobesingleparentslivingwiththeirchildren.Fortheirpart,youngmen(25%)aremorelikelythanyoungwomen(19%)tobeliving

18、inthehomeofanotherfamilymember,anon-relativeorinsometypeofgroupquarters.G Avarietyoffactorscontributetothelong-runincreaseintheshareofyoung.Adultslivingwiththeparents.Thefirstinthepostponementof,ifnotretreatfrom,marriage.Theaverageageoffirstmarriagehasrisensteadilyfordecades.Inaddition,agrowingshare

19、ofyoungadultmaybeavoidingmarriagealtogether.ApreviousPewResearchCenteranalysisprojectedthatasmanyasone-in-fouroftodasyyoungadultmaynevermarry.Whilecohabitation(同居)hasbeenontherise,theoverallshareofyoungadultseithermarriedorlivingwithanunmarriedpartnerhassubstantiallyfallensince1990.H Inaddition,tren

20、dsinbothemploymentstatusandwageshavelikelycontributedtothegrowingshareofyoungadultswhoarelivinginthehomeoftheirparent(s),andthisisespeciallytrueofyoungmen.Employedyoungmenaremuchlesslikelytoliveathomethanyoungmenwithoutajob,andemploymentamongyoungmenhasfallensignificantlyinrecentdecades.Theshareofyo

21、ungmenwithjobspeakedaround1960at84%.In2014,only71%of18-to-34-year-oldmenwereemployed.Similarlywithearnings,youngmenswages(afteradjustingforinflation)havebeenonadownwardtrajectory(軌跡)since1970andfellsignificantlyfrom2000to2010.Aswageshavefallen,theshareofyoungmenlivinginthehomeoftheirparent(s)hasrise

22、n.I Economicfactorsseemtoexplainlessofwhyyoungadultwomenareincreasinglylikelytoliveathome.Generally,youngwomenhavehadgrowingsuccessinthepaidlabormarketsince1960andhencemightincreasinglybeexpectedtobeabetoaffordtoaffordtoliveindependentlyoftheirparents.Forwomen,delayedmarriagewhichisrelated,inpart,to

23、labormarketoutcomesformenmayexplainmoreoftheincreaseintheirlivinginthefamilyhome.J TheGreatRecession(andmodestrecovery)hasalsobeenassociatedwithanincreaseinyoungadultslivingathome.Initiallyinthewakeoftherecession,collegeenrollmentsexpanded,boostingtheranksofyoungadultslivingathome.Andgiventheweakjob

24、opportunitiesfacingyoungadults,livingathomewaspartoftheprivatesafetynethelpyoungadultstoweathertheeconomicstorm.K Beyondgender,youngadultslivingarrangementsdifferconsiderablebyeducationwhichistiedtofinancialmeans.Foryoungadultswithoutabachelorsdegree,asof2008livingathomewiththeirparentswasmorepreval

25、entthanlivingwitharomanticpartner.By2014,36%of18-to34-year-oldswhohadnotcompletedabachelorsdegreewerelivingwiththeirparent(s)while27%werelivingwithaspouseorpartner.Amongcollegegraduates,in201446%weremarriedorlivingwithapartner,andonly19%werelivingwiththeirparent(s).Youngadultswithacollegedegreehavef

26、aredmuchbetterinthelabormarketthantheirless-educatedcounterparts,whichhasinturnmadeiteasiertoestablishtheirownhouseholds.36.Unemployedyoungmenaremorelikelytolivewiththeirparentsthantheemployed.37.In2014,thepercentageofmenaged18to34livingwiththeirparentswasgreaterthanthatoftheirfemalecounterparts.38.

27、 Thepercentageofyoungpeoplewhoaremarriedorlivewithapartnerhasgreatlydecreasedinthepastthreedecadesorso.39. Aroundthemid-20thcentury,only20percentof18-to34-year-oldlivedintheirparentshome.40. Youngadultswithacollegedegreefounditeasiertoliveindependentlyoftheirparents.41. Youngmenarelesslikelytoendupa

28、ssingleparentsthanyoungwomen.42. Moreyoungadultwomenlivewiththeirparentsthanbeforeduetodelayedmarriage.43. Thepercentageofyoungmenwholivewiththeirparentshasgrownduetotheirdecreasedpayinrecentdecades.44. Theriseinthenumberofcollegestudentsmademoreyoungadultslivewiththeirparents.45.Onereasonforyoungad

29、ultstolivewiththeirparentsisthatgetmarriedlateorstaysinglealltheirlives.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B) ,C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswe

30、rSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.AccordingtothemajorityofAmericans,womenareeverybitascapableofbeinggoodpoliticalleadersasmen.Thesamecanbesaidoftheirabilitytodominatethecorporateboardroom.AndaccordingtoanewPewResearchCentersurveyonwomenandl

31、eadership,mostAmericansfindwomenindistinguishablefrommenonkeyleadershiptraitssuchasintelligenceandcapacityforinnovation,withmanysayingtheyrestrongerthanmenintermsofbeingpassionateandorganizedleaders.Sowhy,then,arewomeninshortsupplyatthetopofgovernmentandbusinessintheUnitedStates?Accordingtothepublic

32、,atleast,itsnotthattheylacktoughness,managementtalentorproperskillsets.Itsalsonotallaboutwork-lifebalance.Althougheconomicresearchandprevioussurveyfindingshaveshownthatcareerinterruptionsrelatedtomotherhoodmaymakeitharderforwomentoadvanceintheircareersandcompetefortopexecutivejobs,relativelyfewadult

33、sintherecentsurveypointtothisasakeybarrierforwomenseekingleadershiproles.Onlyaboutone-in-fivesaywomensfamilyresponsibilitiesareamajorreasonwhytherearentmorefemalesintopleadershippositionsinbusinessandpolitics.Instead,toppingthelistofreasons,aboutfour-in-tenAmericanspointtoadoublestandardforwomenseek

34、ingtoclimbtothehighestlevelsofeitherpoliticsorbusiness,wheretheyhavetodomorethantheirmalecounterpartstoprovethemselves.Similarsharessaytheelectorate選民)andcorporateAmericaarejustnotreadytoputmorewomenintopleadershippositions.Asaresult,thepublicisdividedaboutwhethertheimbalanceincorporateAmericawillch

35、angeintheforeseeablefuture,eventhoughwomenhavemademajoradvancesintheworkplace.While53%believemenwillcontinuetoholdmoretopexecutivepositionsinbusinessinthefuture,44%sayitsonlyamatteroftimebeforeasmanywomenareintopexecutivepositionsasmen.Americansarelessdoubtfulwhenitcomestopolitics:73%expecttoseeafem

36、alepresidentintheirlifetime.46. WhatdomostAmericansthinkofwomenleadersaccordingtoanewPewResearchCentersurvey?A) Theyhavetodomoretodistinguishthemselves.B) Theyhavetostrivehardertowintheirpositions.C) Theyarestrongerthanmenintermsofwillpower.D) Theyarejustasintelligentandinnovativeasmen.47. Whatdowel

37、earnfromprevioussurveyfindingsaboutwomenseekingleadershiproles?A) Theyhaveunconquerabledifficultiesontheirwaytosuccess.B) Theyarelackinginconfidencewhencompetingwithmen.C) Theirfailuresmayhavesomethingtodowithfamilyduties.D) Relativelyfewarehinderedintheircareeradvancement.48. Whatistheprimaryfactor

38、keepingwomenfromtakingtopleadershippositionsaccordingtotherecentsurvey?A) Personalitytraits.B) Genderbias.C) Familyresponsibilities.D) Lackofvacancies.49. WhatdoesthepassagesayaboutcorporateAmericainthenearfuture?A) Moreandmorewomenwillsitintheboardroom.B) Genderimbalanceinleadershipislikelytochange

39、.C) Thepublicisundecidedaboutwhetherwomenwillmakegoodleaders.D) Peoplehaveopposingopinionsastowhetheritwillhavemorewomenleaders.50. WhatdomostAmericansexpecttoseesoononAmericsapoliticalstage?A) Awomaninthehighestpositionofgovernment.B) Moreandmorewomenactivelyengagedinpolitics.C) Amajorityofwomenvot

40、ingforafemalepresident.D) Asmanywomenintopgovernmentpositionsasmen.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingspsaage.Peoplehavegrowntalleroverthelastcentury,withSouthKoreanwomenshootingupbymorethan20cmonaverage,andIranianmengaining.16.5cm.Aglobalstudylookedattheaverageheightof18-year-oldsin200c

41、ountries1914and2014.TheresultsrevealthatwhileSwedeswerethetallestpeopleintheworldin1914,Dutchmenhaverisenfrom12thplacetoclaimtopspotwithanaverageheightof182.5cm.Latvianwomen.Meanwhile,rosefrom28thplacein1914tobecomethetallestintheworldacenturylater,withanaverageheightof169.8cm.JamesBentham,aco-autho

42、roftheresearchfromImperialCollege,London,saystheglobaltrendislikelytobedueprimarilytoimprovementsinnutritionandhealthcare.“Anindividualsgeneticshasabiginfluenceontheirheight,butonceyouaverageoverwholepopulations,geneticsplaysalesskeyro”leh,eadded.Alittleextraheightbringsanumberofadvantages,saysElioR

43、iboliofImperialCollege.“Beingtallerisassociatedwithlongerlifeexpectancy”,hesaid.“Thisislargelyduetoalowerriskofdyingofcardiovascular(心血管的)diseaseamongtallerpeople.”Butwhileheighthasincreasedaroundtheworld,thetrendinmanycountriesofnorthandsub-SaharanAfricacausesconcern,saysRiboli.Whileheightincreased

44、inUgandaandNigerduringtheearly20thcentury,thetrendhasreversedinrecentyears,withheightdecreasingamong18-year-olds.“Onereasonforthesedecreasesinheightistheeconomicsituationinthe198”0s,saidAlexanderMoradioftheUniversityofSussex.Thenutritionalandhealthcrisesthatfollowedthepolicyofstructuraladjustment,hesays,ledtomanychildrenandteenagersfailingtoreachtheirfullpotentialintermsofheight.Benthambelievetheglobaltrendofincreasingheighthasimportantimplications.“Howtallwearenowisstronglyinfluencedbytheenvironmentwegrewupin,”hesaid.“Ifwegivechildrenthebestpossiblestartinlifenow,the