倒裝句翻譯知識點

1、1. Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as “silent”，the film has never been，in the full sense of the word，silent（1）though:盡管雖然···但是(2)Accustomed though we are to speaking of 倒裝語句，正常為，though we are Accustomed to speaking of···（3）has never be

2、en從未，從來就不不是，從來the film has never beensilent是主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，不是主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)。He has never been here.  他不曾來過has never been defeated 從未輸過Has Never Been Opened 從來沒有被打開Has Never Been Beyond 從未被超越had neverhave never這2個其實是同樣的意思，只不過一個是過去式，一個是現(xiàn)在式I had never seen her before.I have n

3、ever been to America.The enemy were determined to wipe the town off the map as if it had never been. 敵人下決心要將這座城市從地圖的抹掉,就好像它從不存在一樣。He had never been 他從來沒有去過I had never been there before. 我以前從來沒到過那里。as never before 前所未有地、史無前例as you never hear before 隨著從來沒聽過

4、的頻率Be flourishing as never before 空前繁榮To live as never before 重獲新生般的活著In this sense, we have the virus cornered as never before.  在這層意義上，我們已經(jīng)前所未有地把該病毒逼到了絕境。（4）in the full sense of 完整意義上的，全部意義上的 It has been a long-cherished ideal o

5、f mankind to enjoy human rights in the full sense of the term。 享有充分的人權(quán)，是長期以來人類追求的理想。long-cherished 被長期渴望的2.I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary dutyand pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic (蘇格拉底) way about moral problems.(1)在who 引導(dǎo)的定語從句中，who為主語，has

6、 slected 為謂語，the activity 為賓語。Of···為介詞短語作定語。As···為狀語，前置了。(2)define as:解釋為，定義為Dictionaries Define Blindness As 字典定義失明為define sth as sth 顯示的特征Define as Luminaire 定義為光源Define the button as open 定義這個打開按鈕(3)  primary dutyand pleasure in life人生的主要任務(wù)和樂

7、趣。 Primary a主要的，初級的，基本的。n 原色，最主要者。3.  The progress of science depends upon many factos ,and not least among these is the existence of satisfactory arrangements for the rapid exchan

8、ge of new ideas and experimental results between research workers having similar interest.(1)并列平行結(jié)構(gòu)，后一句中有倒裝。（2） not least among these is the existence 主系表結(jié)構(gòu)倒裝了。(3) not least：尤其，相當(dāng)重要地especial

9、ly / notablyAll this is welcomenot least because the slump has been made so much worseby panic and despair.  所有這些都是受歡迎的，尤其是因為恐慌和絕望如此嚴(yán)重地加劇了經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退。They have been the subjects of intense research for over half a century,not l

10、east because of the role they have played in our survival as a species.它們成為熱點研究主題已逾半個世紀(jì)，尤其緣于這幾大情緒在我們?nèi)祟愡@個物種的生存中起著至關(guān)重要的作用。not the least 絲毫不 至少This has several advantages, not the least of which is that you can concentrate onwriting code rathe

11、r than attending to the repetitive work.  這有幾方面的好處，至少可以把精力集中到編寫代碼上，而不必再重復(fù)性的工作中浪費精神。The last, but certainly not the least trait of a greatengineer is a solid foundation. 最后，但肯定不是優(yōu)秀工程師最不重要的特質(zhì)就

12、是：扎實的基礎(chǔ)。Not The Least Concerned 毫不相干Last yet not the least 末了Having Not The Least Clue 端倪毫無Have not the least idea 完全不知4.  Dull as a student may be， and difficult as a subject may seem to be at first sight， he will find the study become easier or at least less diff

13、icult， if he can persevere and does not neglect it.（1）這個句子的難點是as的用法，在as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中要用倒裝順序。dull as a student may bethough a student may be dull；difficult as a subject may seem to be at first sightthough a subject may seem to be difficult at first sight。譯文：即使學(xué)生不聰明，功課最初看起來很難，如果他能堅持不懈，努力去做的話，他就會感到學(xué)習(xí)越

14、來越容易，至少不會那樣難了。5. For example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been,had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.（1）本句中had he grown up under more favorable circumstances 屬于部分倒裝。正常語序為：if he had grown up und

15、er more favorable circumstances。在正式文體中，可以將虛擬條件句中的if 省略，并將助動詞提前。（2）compensate for，賠償，補償，compensate sb for sth 賠償make good / indemnify forcompensate opening 補償孔 ; 彌補孔compensate coils 補償線圈Inertia compensate 慣量補償參數(shù)（3）gross social inequality 明顯的社會不公There is gross&#

16、160;inequality between therichand the poor.貧富之間存在明顯的不平等現(xiàn)象。gross loss 毛損 ; 虧損總額 ; 總損失gross power 總功率 ; 整機功率 ;凈功率gross tonnage 總噸位 ;注冊噸 ;gross negligence 重大過失 ; 嚴(yán)重疏忽 gross amount 毛額 ; 總額 ; ; 總量gross errors 重大錯誤 ; 失誤差gross expenses 開支總額 ; 總開支The company

17、 was guilty of gross negligence.該公司犯了重大的失職罪。Funding of education had been grossly inadequate for years.多年來教育資金嚴(yán)重不足。He abused the Admiral in the grossest terms.他用最粗俗的字眼辱罵那位海軍上將。（4）an underprivileged youngster一個貧困的，地位低下的年輕人。adj. 貧困的；被剝奪基本權(quán)力的；社會地位低下的underprivileged group 貧困階層underprivileged presch

18、ooler 弱勢學(xué)齡期兒童underprivileged home 貧困家庭underprivileged class 弱勢階層 ; 下層社會underprivileged groups 弱勢群體underprivileged children 貧困兒童underprivileged Students 貧困生（5）favorable circumstances.有利的環(huán)境Species have always moved around, taking advantage of happenstance or favorable cir

19、cumstances. 生物物種總是會利用偶然的機會或者是適宜的環(huán)境四處散布。favorable balance 順差 ; 貿(mào)易順差 ; 有利差額 ;Favorable price 優(yōu)惠價格,優(yōu)惠價,令人滿意的價格favorable prognosis 預(yù)后良好favorable opposition 大沖Favorable evaluation 贊許的評價 ;favorable habitat 良好的棲息地 ; 有利的棲息地favorable current 順流More favorable 更有利（6

20、）might have been通常用于虛擬語氣，表示假設(shè)可能已經(jīng)發(fā)生的，或猜測可能已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情.It's never too late to be who you might have been.亡羊補牢，為時不晚。might be和 may have been的區(qū)別？might /may be 代表現(xiàn)在的事情 例如The news may/might be true. 這消息可能是真的 完成式 may/might have been 代表過去的事情 例如 He may/might have been there. 他之前/以前可能在那里 might do和 may have do

21、ne同等上面意思 一個是現(xiàn)在式 一個是過去式might have done 與 might have been done 的區(qū)別這兩個都是虛擬語氣。區(qū)別在于第一個是主動語態(tài)，第二個是被動語態(tài)。第一個，might have done表示本來可以做某事(實際上沒有做)。是主動語態(tài)。 例如:You might have done your homework more quickly。你本可以更快的做家庭作業(yè)的(其實沒有)第二個:might have been done表示.本來可以被做(實際上沒有)。是被動語態(tài)。 例如:Your homework might have been done more

22、quickly.。你的家庭作業(yè)本可以更快被做的(其實沒有)。6. So involved with their computers do the children become that leaders at summer computer camps often have to force them to break for sports and games.(1)這是一個倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，強調(diào)so 引導(dǎo)的從句，所以助動詞前移：So involved with their computers do the children become，該句的動詞是become，用do協(xié)助倒裝。原句是：The ch

23、ildren become so involved with their computers that leaders at summer computer camps often have to force them to break for sports and games.（2）Bebecome involved in包含在.;與.有關(guān);被卷入;專心地(做) He was rumoured to be involved in the crime.有傳言說他卷入了這樁罪行I don't want to be involved in society.我不想卷入這個社會。be invo

24、lved with涉及，卷入Myhr had no desire to be involved with anything dangerous or violent.邁爾不想卷入任何危險或暴力的事情中去。get involved with 給.纏住parties involved 交換中的各方、互換中的各方involved party 責(zé)任方involved area 受影響區(qū)域difficulties involved 遇到的困難 ; 涉及的困難people involved 參與名單 ; 所涉及的人員7, As the Internet b

25、ecomes more and more commercialized ,it is in the interest of businese to universalize access - after all ,the more people online , the more potential customers there are.(1)the more,the more為部分倒裝。(2)in the interest of:.利益，為了的利益。Do everything in the interests of the people .一切行動都要符合人民利益。In

26、 the interest of protecting such resources, a great many state laws were passed .為了保障這些資源，各州立了許多法律。in the interest of transparency 為了保持透明性(3) universalize access 普遍可以獲得 Open access 開放獲取 ; 開放存取 ; 開放取用 ;access time 存取時間 ; 訪問時間 ; 選取時間 ; market access 市場準(zhǔn)入 ; 進(jìn)入市場 ; 開放市場 ;Sequent

27、ial access 循序存取 ; 順序存取 ; direct access 直接存取; 直接訪問; 直接通道access token 訪問令牌 ; 存取令牌 ; 訪問標(biāo)記 ;internet access 網(wǎng)路存取 ; 互聯(lián)網(wǎng)接入 ; Access Method 存取方法 ; 訪問方法 ; 訪問方式Leased access 租賃使用時段8.Love is not about Possession, its all about Appreciation. 愛不是占有，而是欣賞Possession：n. 擁有；財產(chǎn)；領(lǐng)地；自制；著迷S

28、pirit possession 附身 ; 靈quiet possession 不受干擾享用權(quán) ;寧靜的占有權(quán) Ball Possession 關(guān)鍵詞掌握控球權(quán) ; Possession Island 占領(lǐng)島He was also charged with illegal possession of firearms.他還被指控非法擁有火器。People had lost their homes and all their possessions.人們已失去了家園和所有的財產(chǎn)。9. So perilous was this one that h

29、e was the only security officer on the site. 危險的(1) this onewas so perilousthat.(2) security officer 安全人員，Security Technical Officer 安全技術(shù)專員Security Control Officer 保安控制員security desk officer 值勤室警務(wù)員Security Risk Officer 安全危險人員Cargo security control officer 貨物安全控制專員Chief secur

30、ity officer 安全主管 ; 保安部經(jīng)理(3) on the site 在現(xiàn)場on-the site analysis 現(xiàn)場分析on the site computer 現(xiàn)場用計算機on the construction site 在建筑地盤 ; 在施工現(xiàn)場inspection on the site 檢查施工現(xiàn)場Construction on the site 現(xiàn)場施工Activities on the site 活動場地10. In front of me stood the essential tools of

31、 the intelligence officer's trade - a desk, two telephones, one scrambled（改變頻率使不被竊聽） for outside calls, and to one side a large green metal safe with an oversized combination lock on the front. (1)破折號前后都有倒裝。前：主語是the essential tools of the intelligence officer's trade。(2) the essential tools

32、基本用具，必要工具，關(guān)鍵工具  they are trying to focus attention on cognitive faculties that go beyong intelligence -what they describe as the essential tools of rational thinking.他們試圖關(guān)注的是智力之上的認(rèn)知才能他們把這些才能描述為理性思考的關(guān)鍵工具。cognitive adj. 認(rèn)知的，認(rèn)識的Cognitive psychology 認(rèn)知心理學(xué) ; 識別心理學(xué) Cognitive style 認(rèn)知風(fēng)格

33、 ; 認(rèn)知方式 ; Cognitive bias 認(rèn)知偏差 ; 認(rèn)知偏誤 ; Cognitive network 感知網(wǎng)路 ; 認(rèn)知網(wǎng)Cognitive anthropology 認(rèn)知人類學(xué)cognitive function 認(rèn)知功能 ; 認(rèn)知能力cognitive development 認(rèn)知發(fā)展 ; 辨識系統(tǒng)啟發(fā) facultiesn. 系，學(xué)院；才能，能力；全體教員（faculty的復(fù)數(shù)形式）intellectual faculties  智能 ; 智力 ; 心智才能Program Faculties 項目師資gas

34、 faculties 城鎮(zhèn)燃?xì)夤庠O(shè)施hearing faculties 聽官能higher faculties 較高級的官能He was drunk and not in control of his faculties.他喝醉了，控制不了他的各項機能。The faculty agreed on a change in the requirements.全體教員同意改變要求。faculty and staff教職員faculty of law法學(xué)院；法律系faculty of science理學(xué)院；科學(xué)院；自然科學(xué)系adaptive faculty適應(yīng)能力，適應(yīng)

35、力mental faculty智力faculty of engineering工學(xué)院elaborative facultyn. 思考能力(3) intelligence officer 情報人員，情報官 intelligence n. 智力；情報工作；情報機關(guān)；理解力Divisional Intelligence Officer Supervision 監(jiān)視處情報員Competitive Intelligence Officer 競爭情報總監(jiān)Chief Intelligence Officer 首席情報官Artificial Intelligence 人

36、工智能 ; 人工智慧 ;Collective Intelligence 綜合人工智能 ; 集體智慧 machine intelligence 機器智能 ; 機器智慧 ;intelligence community 智能小區(qū) ; 情報界 ;(4)a large green metal safe 一個大的綠色金屬保險柜（5）an oversized combination lock 一個特大號復(fù)合密碼鎖。11.the most extreme application of geneticinformation-designing children.applicatio

37、n n. 應(yīng)用；申請；應(yīng)用程序；敷用application fee 申請費 ; 報名費 ; Application Management 應(yīng)用程序管理; 應(yīng)用管理Application forms 申請表 ; 申請表格Computer Application 計算機應(yīng)用 ; 電腦應(yīng)用clinical application 臨床應(yīng)用 ; 臨床運用patent application 專利申請 ;專利申請說明書Application Range 應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域; 應(yīng)用范圍; 適用范圍application processor

38、0;應(yīng)用處理器; 應(yīng)用程序處理器Statistics Application 應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計學(xué) ; 應(yīng)用計數(shù)學(xué)12. Alyosha,along with his friends,heard the siren call of merchandising,and many was the time we came to logger-heads over designer sneakersversus something more affordable,if less flashy.（1）and 后的主句是the time was many。省略了when的定語從句。（2）the sire

39、n call of merchandising, 促銷的誘惑。Siren 誘人的logger-heads 笨蛋，傻瓜came to logger-heads 爭吵起來over 關(guān)于designer sneakers 名牌運動鞋versus 對比designer sneakersversus something more affordable,if less flashy 名牌運動鞋和一些能購買的起且不那么奢華的東西13.You mumble and ask how anyone could possibly use

40、 dot com together in English or any other language, what in the world dose it mean anyway, and you leave to discuss sport and other small talk. （1） how

41、0;anyone could possibly人們怎么可能會any other language任何其他語言what in the world dose it mean anyway,  倒裝句，那究竟是什么意思？ you leave to discuss other small talk. 你開始去14And never before has it been so undeniable that

42、 mutually beneficial international institutions of cooperation-with the United Nationas foremost among them- are a vital global necessity.(1) never before 從未有過 后面用倒裝（2）undeniable：adj. 不可否認(rèn)的；公認(rèn)優(yōu)秀的；無可爭辯的。同義詞：incontestable / undisputedundeniable signature 不可否認(rèn)簽名 ;undeniable facts 無可

43、否認(rèn)的事實undeniable clause 不可爭條款Undeniable Points 不可否認(rèn)觀點Something undeniable 不可否認(rèn)的東西 ; Her charm is undeniable.她的魅力無可否認(rèn)。（3）mutuallyadv. 互相地；互助mutually perpendicular 互相垂直的 ; 互相垂直線mutually conditioning 相互條件作用mutually dependent 互為依存 ; 彼此依賴的mutually enabling 相互扶持Mutually P

44、ursue 互相追逐mutually excluseve 互斥14.Here comes an old lady! 過來一位老太太。一般是：副詞（here there now then）+come（或be）+主語。There comes the bus。喲，公共汽車過來了Now comes your turn?，F(xiàn)在輪到你了。15. No less obvious is the fact there are great numbers of people so constituted or so brought up that they cannot get so much

45、pleasure out of processes and experiences which result in a rich，significant life ，as they can get out of processes and experiences resulting in a poor life less full of meaning.（1）主句是the fact is no less obvious。（2）constituted vt. 組成，構(gòu)成；建立；任命。此處為“天生”Color constitute 色彩構(gòu)成Constitute forms 構(gòu)成

46、方式staff constitute 員工構(gòu)成disease constitute 疾病構(gòu)成electrolyte constitute 電解液組成Liability Constitute 構(gòu)成要件Four quarts constitute a gallon.  四夸脫構(gòu)成一加侖。They donot constitute a complete and continuous set of memorand

47、a.  他們不能構(gòu)成一個完整的、持續(xù)的一整套備忘錄。They constitute your memories; where you were, what you were doing,what you were interested in,what you were thinking of.  它們組成了你的回憶；你曾在哪里，你曾做了什么，你曾對什么感興趣，你曾思考過什么。16. The material

48、 destruction of the war was not so great but that it could by this time have been repaired, had a good peace been made without delay. （1）could have been：本來可以，本可以是，表示虛擬語氣。Mistakes are creeping in which could have been avoided. 本可避免的錯誤都逐漸一一發(fā)生了。It could have been worse. 事情可能更壞，這是不幸中的大幸。The perform

49、ance could have been better. 這次表演原來可以更好些的。補充：Had paul received six more votes in the last election , he _ our chairman. 為什么不是would have been 而是would be?這句話的原文是If paul had received six more votes in the last election, he would be our chairman. 去掉If 把had提前了，從句是過去完成時，主句用 would be 表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的非真實條件句，如果用wo

50、uld have been 就表示與過去相反了，就不對了。做這個要了解是對什么時候的虛擬could have been表示過去可能，但是沒做的事情 可能是。Should have been表示應(yīng)該would have been表示主觀意愿上將做什么事，會是 would have + 過去分詞的句型在虛擬語氣中表達(dá)與過去事實相反的情況從句:If 主語+had+done 主句:主語+should/would/could/might+have done 例如: 1. If I had got there earlier,I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那兒，我就會

51、見到她。 (事實:去晚了) 2.If he had taken my advice,he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他聽我的勸告的話，就不會犯這樣的錯誤了。 (事實:沒有聽我的話) would have been 后面通常都是加形容詞，或 a (冠詞)+ 名詞。 例如: 1. If they had explained the situation, I would have been more understanding. 如果他們(當(dāng)時)把情況說清楚，我就比較能體諒啦。 2. If you had not warned me, I would

52、 have been a victim of this scam. 要不是你(事先)警告了我，我肯定就成了這騙局的受害者啦。（2）not sobut that無論怎樣也。But that 后跟虛擬語氣。（3）if 引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，省略if ，后面的謂語動詞提前。17.a near standstill 幾乎停止。n. 停頓；停止Standstill Provisions 維持現(xiàn)狀規(guī)定standstill position 停止位置standstill test 靜止試驗 standstill seal 靜止密封standstill truce 

53、;就地休戰(zhàn)safe standstill 安全停剎respiratory standstill 呼吸停頓Standstill Period 停滯期Computer Standstill 電腦癱瘓Provisionsn. 規(guī)定（provision的復(fù)數(shù)）；食品；預(yù)備v. 供應(yīng)補給品；供應(yīng)糧食（provision的三單形式）Protective Provisions 保護(hù)性條款 ; 維護(hù)性條款contract provisions 合同規(guī)定return provisions 對返還的規(guī)定entrenched provisions

54、 特別維護(hù)條款 ; 非凡維護(hù)條款special provisions 特別規(guī)定 ; 特殊條款 ;Temporary Provisions 暫行規(guī)定Call Provisions 贖回條款Emergency Provisions 非常食 ; 救濟(jì)糧provisions storeroom 食品貯存庫entrenchedadj. 根深蒂固的；確立的，不容易改的v. 確立；保證；挖掘壕溝（entrench的過去分詞）the entrenched 根深蒂固 ; 樹大根深 ; 在盤踞Entrenched Cliff 盤踞山崖

55、entrenched managers 強勢管理者entrenched factory 定點生產(chǎn)廠Entrenched Elites 地位牢固精英階層Entrenched Poverty 難以貧困景象entrenched clause 剛性條款provision   pru'vinn.1.預(yù)備；預(yù)防；準(zhǔn)備2.供應(yīng)；供應(yīng)物；尤指復(fù)數(shù) 存糧；糧食；食物；3.預(yù)防措施4.規(guī)定；條款，條文5.【宗教】圣職的委任6.(尤指政府提供的)錢；設(shè)備vt.供應(yīng)補給品；(尤指)供應(yīng)糧食：短語1.according to the

56、 provision of the Act 據(jù)該法令各條(所說)2.make ample provision for 充裕地供養(yǎng)3.make provision against 防備，預(yù)防4.make provision for 為預(yù)先采取措施，為做好準(zhǔn)備5.run out of provisions 糧食缺乏亦作 short of provisions18.Coupled with the growing quantity of information is the development of technologies which enable the storage and delive

57、ry of more information with greater speed to more locations than has ever been possible before.Coupled with：相匹配，加上，外加，與。相結(jié)合be coupled with 與結(jié)合 ; 與empowerment coupled with responsibility 賦權(quán)承責(zé)Coupled with the smiles 再加上燦爛的笑容Coupled with the word 再加一句話Coupled with tariff 加上關(guān)稅Co

58、upled with low price 加上低價格Coupled with English 與英語相伴Coupled With Exquisite Workmanship 加上精致做工Coupled With The Chicken 配上雞肉快Coupled to appropriate circuitry, it can trigger the doors to open.搭配適當(dāng)?shù)碾娐泛?，可以啟動開門。These patterns both extract behavior out of&

59、#160;the view, and into a presentationclass coupled with the view.  兩種模式都把行為從視圖中抽出來，將之放入與視圖耦合的一個表現(xiàn)類。presentationn. 展示；描述，陳述；介紹；贈送oral presentation口頭報告；口頭演講presentation skilln. 演講技巧；表達(dá)技巧visual presentation視覺顯示；可視圖像presentation layer表示層；呈現(xiàn)層data pr

60、esentation數(shù)據(jù)顯示，數(shù)據(jù)表示at presentation呈示即付give a presentation of對作陳述graphic presentation圖示presentation of document提交單據(jù)Thesis Presentation 論文報告multimedia presentation 多媒體演示 ; 多媒體展示 Presentation mode 演示模式; 發(fā)表方式 ; 簡報模式storage and delivery 存儲和傳送than has ever been possible before：空前的，在過去是不可能的1

61、9. How their results compared with modern standards, we unfortunately have no means of telling.（1）compared with：與.相比較can be compared with 比得上 ; 無人能比compared with control group 與對照組比較、相比Compared with decent wine  與體面的葡萄酒相比 ; 相比體面的酒Compared with urban life 與都市生活相比compared with inju

62、red group 與損傷組比Compared with previous work 與以前的工作比較compare to 比擬， 比作比喻為compare with (可)與.相比compare.with.把和比較(表示同類相比，比較)compare.to.把比作(常表示異類相比，比喻)Let's compare this article with that one. 讓我們把這篇文章和那篇文章作一下比較。The heart is often compared to a pump. 心臟常被比作水泵。He's apygmy when&#

63、160;compared with great musicians.  他和偉大的音樂家相比就成了侏儒。pygmy 'pmi n.侏儒；俾格米人（一種身高不滿五英尺的矮小人種）；微不足道的人adj. 矮小的；we unfortunately have no means of telling遺憾的是我們無可奉告。20.The inner workings of our own brains we feel to be uniquely worthy of investigation, but custom, we have a

64、way of thinking, is behaviour at its most commonplace. （1）賓語前置（2）be uniquely worthy of investigation。on-the-spot investigation實地考察field investigation現(xiàn)場調(diào)查；現(xiàn)場試驗experimental investigation試驗研究under investigation在調(diào)查研究中investigation report調(diào)查報告書sampling investigation抽樣調(diào)查site investigation現(xiàn)場調(diào)查；實地勘測preliminary investigation初步調(diào)查general investigation普查credit investigation資信調(diào)查，信用調(diào)查federal bureau of investigationn. （美）聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局epidemiological investigation醫(yī)流行病學(xué)調(diào)查qualita