雅思A類Task1圖表小作文寫作方法

1、【Abby阿布整理】雅思A類Task1圖表小作文寫作方法+各個(gè)擊破 Abby阿布留留學(xué)雅思A類Task1圖表小作文寫作方法+各個(gè)擊破【Abby阿布整理】 2008.054 A類task1圖表類小作文4.1 A類task1 評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)細(xì)則BandTask achievementCoherence and cohesionLexical resourceGrammatical range and accuracy9 fully satisfies all the requirements of the task clearly presents a fully developed response

2、uses cohesion in such a way that it attracts no attention skilfully manages paragraphing uses a wide range of vocabulary with very natural and sophisticated control of lexical features; rare minor errors occur only as slips uses a wide range of structures with full flexibility and accuracy; rare min

3、or errors occur only as slips8 covers all requirements of the task sufficiently presents, highlights and illustrates key features/ bullet points clearly and appropriately sequences information and ideas logically manages all aspects of cohesion well uses paragraphing sufficiently and appropriately u

4、ses a wide range of vocabulary fluently and flexibly to convey precise meanings skilfully uses uncommon lexical items but there may be occasional inaccuracies in word choice and collocation produces rare errors in spelling and/or word formation uses a wide range of structures the majority of sentenc

5、es are error-free makes only very occasional errors or inappropriacies7 covers the requirements of the task (Academic) presents a clear overview of main trends, differences or stages (General Training) presents a clear purpose, with the tone consistent and appropriate clearly presents and highlights

6、 key features/bullet points but could be more fully extended logically organises information and ideas; there is clear progression throughout uses a range of cohesive devices appropriately although there may be some under-/over-use uses a sufficient range of vocabulary to allow some flexibility and

7、precision uses less common lexical items with some awareness of style and collocation may produce occasional errors in word choice, spelling and/or word formation uses a variety of complex structures produces frequent error-free sentences has good control of grammar and punctuation but may make a fe

8、w errors6 addresses the requirements of the task (Academic) presents an overview with information appropriately selected (General Training) presents a purpose that is generally clear; there may be inconsistencies in tone presents and adequately highlights key features/ bullet points but details may

9、be irrelevant, inappropriate or inaccurate arranges information and ideas coherently and there is a clear overall progression uses cohesive devices effectively, but cohesion within and/or between sentences may be faulty or mechanical may not always use referencing clearly or appropriately uses an ad

10、equate range of vocabulary for the task attempts to use less common vocabulary but with some inaccuracy makes some errors in spelling and/or word formation, but they do not impede communication uses a mix of simple and complex sentence forms makes some errors in grammar and punctuation but they rare

11、ly reduce communication5 generally addresses the task; the format may be inappropriate in places (Academic) recounts detail mechanically with no clear overview; there may be no data to support the description (General Training) may present a purpose for the letter that is unclear at times; the tone

12、may be variable and sometimes inappropriate presents, but inadequately covers, key features/ bullet points; there may be a tendency to focus on details presents information with some organisation but there may be a lack of overall progression makes inadequate, inaccurate or over-use of cohesive devi

13、ces may be repetitive because of lack of referencing and substitution uses a limited range of vocabulary, but this is minimally adequate for the task may make noticeable errors in spelling and/or word formation that may cause some difficulty for the reader uses only a limited range of structures att

14、empts complex sentences but these tend to be less accurate than simple sentences may make frequent grammatical errors and punctuation may be faulty; errors can cause some difficulty for the reader4 attempts to address the task but does not cover all key features/bullet points; the format may be inap

15、propriate (General Training) fails to clearly explain the purpose of the letter; the tone may be inappropriate may confuse key features/bullet points with detail; parts may be unclear, irrelevant, repetitive or inaccurate presents information and ideas but these are not arranged coherently and there

16、 is no clear progression in the response uses some basic cohesive devices but these may be inaccurate or repetitive uses only basic vocabulary which may be used repetitively or which may be inappropriate for the task has limited control of word formation and/or spelling; errors may cause strain for

17、the reader uses only a very limited range of structures with only rare use of subordinate clauses some structures are accurate but errors predominate, and punctuation is often faulty 3 fails to address the task, which may have been completely misunderstood presents limited ideas which may be largely

18、 irrelevant/repetitive does not organise ideas logically may use a very limited range of cohesive devices, and those used may not indicate a logical relationship between ideas uses only a very limited range of words and expressions with very limited control of word formation and/or spelling errors m

19、ay severely distort the message attempts sentence forms but errors in grammar and punctuation predominate and distort the meaning2 answer is barely related to the task has very little control of organisational features uses an extremely limited range of vocabulary; essentially no control of word for

20、mation and/or spelling cannot use sentence forms except in memorised phrases A類task1 評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)細(xì)則成績 完成任務(wù)情況 連貫與銜接 詞匯資源 語法結(jié)構(gòu)的范圍和準(zhǔn)確性9 完全滿足任務(wù)的所有要求；對于題目的回應(yīng)清晰而完整；不露痕跡地使用銜接手段；分段得體；詞匯使用廣泛、自然而老到；極少出現(xiàn)小錯(cuò)誤如“筆誤”語法結(jié)構(gòu)的使用廣泛、準(zhǔn)確而靈活；極少出現(xiàn)小錯(cuò)誤如“筆誤”8 充分涵蓋題目的所有要求；清晰而又得體地呈現(xiàn)并說明核心信息信息和觀點(diǎn)的安排有序而富邏輯性；銜接性的各個(gè)方面安排得體；分段充分、適當(dāng)；能流暢、靈活地使用多樣詞匯

21、來準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)思想；能巧妙使用較不常見單詞和習(xí)語，盡管偶爾有詞匯選擇和搭配上的不準(zhǔn)確；拼寫和構(gòu)詞法錯(cuò)誤極少；靈活使用多種結(jié)構(gòu)；大部分語句無誤；極偶爾情況下出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤或不準(zhǔn)確；7涵蓋題目要求；（留學(xué)類）清晰概括主要趨勢，差別或階段；（普通培訓(xùn)類）清晰表達(dá)寫作目的，語氣一貫、得體；清晰呈現(xiàn)并說明核心信息，但可以進(jìn)行更加充分的擴(kuò)展；信息和觀點(diǎn)組織有邏輯性；文章從頭至尾有延續(xù)性；銜接手段使用合理，雖然可能有一些使用過少或過多；詞匯使用豐富、有一定的準(zhǔn)確性和靈活性；能使用較不常見詞匯，對語體和搭配有所了解；在詞匯的選擇、拼寫和構(gòu)詞法上偶爾有錯(cuò)誤；使用多種復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)；多數(shù)語句無誤；語法和標(biāo)點(diǎn)掌握較好，但可能會(huì)犯一

22、些錯(cuò)誤；6 回應(yīng)題目要求；（留學(xué)類）進(jìn)行了概括，信息選擇合理；（普通培訓(xùn)類）寫信目的基本清晰，語氣可能有不夠一貫之處；呈現(xiàn)并說明核心信息，但細(xì)節(jié)可能不夠相關(guān)，不適合或不準(zhǔn)確信息和觀點(diǎn)組織連貫；文章有延續(xù)性；銜接手段使用有效，但是句子內(nèi)部和句子之間的銜接可能有誤或過于機(jī)械；指代關(guān)系可能不能總是清晰、合理地使用使用適當(dāng)范圍的詞匯；試圖使用較不常見詞匯，但有一些不準(zhǔn)確；在拼寫和構(gòu)詞法上有錯(cuò)誤，但這些錯(cuò)誤不至于影響交際；能使用簡單和復(fù)雜句子結(jié)構(gòu)；語法和標(biāo)點(diǎn)出現(xiàn)一些錯(cuò)誤，盡管這些錯(cuò)誤很少導(dǎo)致交流障礙。5 基本上回應(yīng)題目要求；格式可能有時(shí)不準(zhǔn)確；（留學(xué)類）機(jī)械描述細(xì)節(jié)，缺少清晰概括；可能缺少數(shù)據(jù)支持；（普

23、通培訓(xùn)類）提出寫信目的，有時(shí)不清晰；語氣可能多變，有時(shí)不得體；呈現(xiàn)核心信息，但涵蓋不完整；可能有過于注重細(xì)節(jié)的傾向；信息有一定組織但缺少總體延續(xù)性；銜接手段不充分，不準(zhǔn)確，或過度使用；缺少指代和替換，顯得重復(fù)過多；使用有限詞匯量，但只是在最低層面上滿足題目；拼寫和構(gòu)詞法上可能出現(xiàn)明顯錯(cuò)誤，造成讀者的某些閱讀困難；只能使用基本句子結(jié)構(gòu)；試圖使用復(fù)雜句，但復(fù)雜句的使用準(zhǔn)確性不如簡單句；語法錯(cuò)誤較多，標(biāo)點(diǎn)有誤用；錯(cuò)誤造成讀者的某些閱讀困難4 試圖回應(yīng)題目要求，但沒有涵蓋所有主要信息；格式不得體；（普通培訓(xùn)類）沒有能夠清晰解釋寫信目的；語氣不得體；混淆核心信息和細(xì)節(jié)；有的部分不清晰，不相關(guān)，重復(fù)或不準(zhǔn)

24、確；提供信息和觀點(diǎn)，但安排不連貫，也沒有清晰的連續(xù)性；使用一些基本的銜接手段，但可能不準(zhǔn)確或重復(fù)只使用基本詞匯，可能重復(fù)，可能使用不得體；構(gòu)詞法和拼寫掌握有限；錯(cuò)誤導(dǎo)致讀者理解困難；只使用有限的句子結(jié)構(gòu)，從句很少見；有的結(jié)構(gòu)準(zhǔn)確但錯(cuò)誤較多，標(biāo)點(diǎn)經(jīng)常錯(cuò)誤；3 沒有能夠回應(yīng)題目，可能完全誤解題目；觀點(diǎn)有限，可能大部分都是不相關(guān)或是重復(fù)；沒有邏輯性地組織觀點(diǎn)；銜接手段的使用非常有限，不能表明觀點(diǎn)之間的邏輯關(guān)系；只使用非常有限的單詞和表達(dá)，對于構(gòu)詞法和拼寫的掌握很有限；錯(cuò)誤嚴(yán)重干擾信息的傳遞；試圖寫出句子但語法和標(biāo)點(diǎn)錯(cuò)誤非常多，扭曲了意思2回答幾乎和任務(wù)要求無關(guān)對組織結(jié)構(gòu)的掌握極少詞匯使用極其有限；基

25、本沒有掌握構(gòu)詞法和拼寫除了背誦的短語以外無法使用句子1回答完全和任務(wù)要求無關(guān)無法交流任何信息只能使用一些零散單詞完全無法使用句子0缺席考試；交白卷；完全抄襲背誦好的范文l A類圖表小作文舉例Topic 4-1：You should spend about 20 minutes on this task. The table below shows the results of a survey to find out what members of a city sports club think about the club's activities, facilities and

26、opening hours. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make any comparisons where relevant. Write at least 150 words. Club satisfaction survey tableRange of activitiesVery satisfiedSatisfiedNot satisfiedFemale members35%35%30%Male members55%40%5%Club facilitiesVer

27、y satisfiedSatisfiedNot satisfiedFemale members64%22%14%Male members63%27%10%Opening hoursVery satisfiedSatisfiedNot satisfiedFemale members72%25%3%Male members44%19%37%l 范文The table compares the opinions of male and female club members about the services provided by a city sports club. （開頭點(diǎn)明了表格的主要內(nèi)

28、容。）We can see from the responses that the male members are generally happy or satisfied with the range of activities at the club, with only 5% dissatisfied. In contrast, however, only about two-thirds of female members were positive about the activity range and almost a third were dissatisfied. （正文一

29、開始，直接對第一個(gè)調(diào)查項(xiàng)目的結(jié)果進(jìn)行了描述和總結(jié)。既在男性和女性成員內(nèi)進(jìn)行了對比，又在男性和女性之間進(jìn)行了對比。）The genders were more in agreement about the club facilities. Only 14% of women and 10% of men were unhappy with these, and the majority (64% and 63% respectively) was very positive. （正文緊接著對第二個(gè)調(diào)查項(xiàng)目結(jié)果進(jìn)行了描述和總結(jié)。對男性和女性成員總的趨勢進(jìn)行了概括。）Finally, the fem

30、ale respondents were much happier with the club opening hours than their male counterparts. Almost three-quarters of them were very satisfied with these and only 3% were unhappy, whereas nearly 40% of the men expressed their dissatisfaction. （最后對第三個(gè)調(diào)查項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行了描述和總結(jié)，主要在男性和女性間進(jìn)行了對比。）Overall, the table ind

31、icates that female members are most unhappy with the range of activities, while male members feel that opening hours are the least satisfactory aspect of the club. (169 words)（結(jié)尾重述了最明顯的趨勢，即女性最不滿意的是什么，男性最不滿意的是什么。）Topic 4-2：The pie chart shows the proportion of various dog breeds in a dog competition.

32、 Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.l 范文The pie chart depicts the proportion of dogs in a dog competition in seven different groups of dog breeds including sporting, working, hound, terrier, toy, non-sporting and herding. (概述圖表信

33、息)The chart consists of seven segments, （正文一開始先點(diǎn)明餅圖被分割成幾份）the largest one representing sporting group, which accounts for 24% of the total. （然后描述占最大份額的扇區(qū)）Working group takes up 21%, becoming the second largest. Hound group and terrier group both get 16%, followed by toy group which makes up 12%. All

34、 the rest proportion, 11% of all, goes to non-sporting and herding groups, consisting 5% and 6% respectively. （接著按照從大到小的順序描述圖表各部分所占份額）The two most popular groups of dogs, namely, working and sporting groups, account for almost half of the dogs in the competition. （在這里進(jìn)行了歸類總結(jié)，對最流行的種類進(jìn)行描述）The total of

35、 the two least popular ones, or non-sporting and herding groups, is less than toy group, the third most unpopular one. Moreover, four times as many dogs competed in the sporting group as in the herding group. （對最大份額的扇區(qū)和最小份額的扇區(qū)進(jìn)行了比較）It can be seen from the chart that people attending the dog competit

36、ion favor sporting and working dogs more than other groups. (174 words) （合理推測）4.2 A類圖表作文寫作四大步驟圖表寫作大致有四大步：理解題目-瀏覽圖表的文字信息-瀏覽圖表的數(shù)字信息-開始寫作F 圖表作文從讀題開始，爭取迅速了解圖表所涉及的大致內(nèi)容。很多烤鴨們喜歡先看圖表，這是一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤的習(xí)慣，因?yàn)椴豢搭}目而先看圖表其實(shí)是在浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。題目中往往包含很多有用的信息，如，圖表所涉及的內(nèi)容和時(shí)間，能夠給烤鴨們提供對圖表概念性的理解。F 在讀完題目之后，烤鴨們可以開始讀圖。正確的步驟是先看文字信息，再看數(shù)據(jù)，這樣會(huì)對數(shù)據(jù)有清晰的

37、了解；圖表的文字信息一般包括圖表的標(biāo)題heading、標(biāo)注label、度量單位dimensions, i.e., measurement units being used和注解annotation。要弄清坐標(biāo)軸數(shù)據(jù)所代表的信息，也就是what the numbers refer to，而不是數(shù)據(jù)本身。沒有文字信息的圖表是沒有意義的，因?yàn)槟侵皇且淮蠖褦?shù)字。F 有時(shí)候有不止一個(gè)圖表，這時(shí)，需要首先判斷圖之間是否有聯(lián)系，如果有聯(lián)系，就一起描述；如果沒有聯(lián)系，就分開描述；如果看不出其中的聯(lián)系，烤鴨們最好也分開描述。如果非常牽強(qiáng)地聯(lián)系兩個(gè)圖表，那是沒有必要的，會(huì)造成失分。F 在開始寫作時(shí)，面對一堆數(shù)據(jù)，

38、烤鴨們往往覺得無從下手，不知道描述的先后順序。一般來說，描述數(shù)據(jù)可以遵循下面的次序：l 時(shí)間原則、最高原則：先看圖表是否有時(shí)間排列，再看是否有最高值。F 如果出現(xiàn)一組時(shí)間，那么以最早的時(shí)間開始敘述；如：19982008年，從1998年開始敘述。一般來說，曲線圖經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)時(shí)間。F 如果在同一年代里出現(xiàn)可以比較的數(shù)據(jù)points of contrast，那么從最高值開始敘述；如：在1998年出現(xiàn)幾個(gè)國家的數(shù)值，那么從最高值開始描述。F 如果圖表里沒有出現(xiàn)時(shí)間，那么就關(guān)注最高值；從最高值開始描述。餅圖一般不會(huì)出現(xiàn)關(guān)于時(shí)間的信息。F 在隨后的描述里，不需要描述所有的數(shù)據(jù)；注意描述最低的數(shù)值和有特點(diǎn)的數(shù)值

39、；在曲線圖中，注意描述趨勢，而不是單個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)；在其他三種圖表中，將近似的數(shù)據(jù)分組，一起描述。F 在曲線圖里，描述以最后出現(xiàn)的數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)束；在其他圖中，敘述以最低的數(shù)值結(jié)束。4.3 圖表作文結(jié)構(gòu)圖表作文一般分為三大部分：介紹段、主體和總結(jié)段。l 介紹段：介紹段要注意改寫題目，不要照抄題目。避免照抄題目的四大方法：1）改變題目中關(guān)鍵詞的詞性；2）改變題目中關(guān)鍵詞的位置；3) 用同義詞取代其中某一些詞；4) 靈活加入圖表中的其他文字信息，如時(shí)間、性別、國家等。例4-1：題目：The graphs below show the enrolments of overseas students and loca

40、l students in Britains universities.介紹段：The graphs UUUprovide information aboutUUU (改寫) the UUUproportions ofUUU （改寫）overseas students and local students UUUenrolledUUU （改變詞性和位置）in Britains universities UUUfrom 1998 to 2008UUU.（加入新的信息）l 主體：23段第一句話總結(jié)圖中比較顯著的趨勢或特征overall trends or features（如果有此趨勢或者特征的話

41、）；其余句子按照前面所提到的順序逐句敘述圖表內(nèi)容。主體部分的每一個(gè)句子一般有三個(gè)組成部分，分別是文字信息、數(shù)字信息和比較。很多烤鴨們習(xí)慣在作文中把數(shù)字逐一讀出，這是不好的習(xí)慣。事實(shí)上，文字信息比數(shù)字信息更為重要：文字信息可以讓讀者清楚了解圖表的主要信息和趨勢，而數(shù)據(jù)只起到輔助說明的作用。例4-2：The average US family had 4.5 people in 1915, 3.3 in 1967 and 2.6 in 2006.改寫：Average family size in the US has been shrinking, from 3.3 people in 1967

42、to 2.6 people in 2006, compared to 4.5 people in 1915.大意：美國家庭在縮小，和1915年的4.5人相比，從1967年的3.3人降到2006年的2.6人。例4-3：Non-metropolitan counties had a property crime rate of 1,250 per 100,000 people, and metropolitan counties experienced a rate of 2,529 offenses per 100,000 inhabitants.改寫：The property crime ra

43、te in non-metropolitan counties was relatively low, 1,250 per 100,000 people, less than half the rate in metropolitan counties (2,529 offenses per 100,000 inhabitants).大意：在大城市之外的地方，財(cái)產(chǎn)犯罪率相對比較低，10萬人中有1250起，比大城市犯罪率的一般還要低（10萬人中有2529起）。l 總結(jié)段：12句話總結(jié)段一般總結(jié)圖中最主要的信息或最重要的趨勢。4.4 圖表作文需要注意的六大重要問題4.4.1 時(shí)態(tài)A圖表小作文大部分

44、時(shí)候使用過去時(shí)態(tài)。因?yàn)槌霈F(xiàn)的數(shù)據(jù)一般都是以往的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)，過去的情形和現(xiàn)在的情形很有可能完全不一樣，因此用過去時(shí)態(tài)比較恰當(dāng)。例4-4：In the 2002 survey，over 75 of respondents with annual incomes above $100，000 considered leisure time extremely or very important在2002年的調(diào)查中，年收入超過10萬的被訪者中有超過75的人覺得休閑時(shí)間是極度或者非常重要的。例4-5：While Motorolas share of the global handset market ro

45、se to 20.6 from 18.7，Samsung Electronics share fell to 12.2 from 12.5 in 20052005年，摩托羅拉全球市場份額從18.7升到20.6時(shí)，三星電子的份額從12.5跌到12.2。B如果圖表里并沒有出現(xiàn)任何以往的年度，或者顯示這是過去的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)，那么用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)比較理想。例4-6：Britain produces 3% of the worlds carbon dioxides emissions-about the same as India, which has 15 times as many people英國制造世界

46、上3% 的二氧化碳排放量，和印度一樣，而印度的人口是英國人口的15倍。例4-7：Afro-Americans account for 13% of the US population美國黑人占美國人口的13%。C. 在少數(shù)情況下，圖表作文會(huì)出現(xiàn)預(yù)測值，這個(gè)時(shí)候需要用將來時(shí)態(tài)；而在使用將來時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)候，最好避免用will這種詞，這樣的語氣過分肯定。可以用其他的說法替代，譬如be likely to，be predicted to/ be projected tobe expected to。例4-8：The total US greenhouse gas emissions increased b

47、y 43% from 2000 to 2020 錯(cuò)誤： 因?yàn)獒槍Φ臅r(shí)間是2020年，因此應(yīng)該用將來時(shí)態(tài)。 改正：The total US greenhouse gas emissions are projected to increase by 43% from 2000 to 2020.美國溫室氣體的排放量從2000年到2020年會(huì)增加43。例4-9：The number of people committing violent crime will rise by the end of 2008 錯(cuò)誤： 過分肯定，很難說罪犯的數(shù)目是否必定上升，這只是一個(gè)預(yù)測而已。 改正： It is pr

48、edicted that the number of people committing violent crime is likely to rise by the end of 2008據(jù)預(yù)測，到2008年年底，暴力犯罪的人數(shù)有可能上升。4.4.2 語言 雅思圖表作文需要正式的書面語言，強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀性和準(zhǔn)確性。因此，在語言使用方面，要注意減少第一人稱的使用，減少非正式的說法。例4-10：I believe that the graph showed a significant decline in the youth smoking rate錯(cuò)誤：吸煙率是否下降應(yīng)該由圖表決定，不應(yīng)該由你是否相

49、信而決定。因此，應(yīng)把句子中的I believe that去掉。例4-11：The economic development in the first half of the 1980s was fabulous錯(cuò)誤：fabulous帶有感情色彩，是非正式用語，可以用remarkable、marked這些詞代替。例4-12：We can see that car ownership surged from just under 1 percent to nearly 3 percent錯(cuò)誤：不要用第一人稱we，可以將We can see that改成The chart shows that。4.

50、4.3 同位語和分詞作狀語在準(zhǔn)備圖表作文的過程中，烤鴨們要學(xué)習(xí)同位語和分詞作狀語的用法，使句子更加簡潔和清楚。例4-13：Middle-class families are those families that are earning between $20,000 and $50,000. Middle-class families enjoyed the greatest increase in standard of living. The increase was as high as 13 percent 錯(cuò)因：非常繁瑣；families出現(xiàn)三次，而increase出現(xiàn)兩次。 改正

51、：Middle-class families, UUUearningUUU （現(xiàn)在分詞）between $20,000 and $50,000，enjoyed the greatest increase in standard of living, UUUa 13 percent riseUUU. （同位語） 大意：收入在2萬到5萬之間的中產(chǎn)家庭，在生活標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中獲得最大的增長，增長幅度為13%。例4-14：Laptops represented the fastest-growing segment of the worldwide PC market, and they accounted f

52、or 40% of all PC units sold in 2004. It was up from 18% in 2003.錯(cuò)因：繁瑣；出現(xiàn)了代詞they指代laptops，然后又出現(xiàn)代詞it指代40%。改正：Laptops represented the fastest-growing segment of the worldwide PC market, UUUaccounting forUUU (現(xiàn)在分詞) 40% of all PC units sold in 2004, UUUcompared withUUU （過去分詞）l8% in 2003.大意：和2003年的18%相比，筆

53、記本電腦代表著世界個(gè)人電腦市場增長最快的一個(gè)部分，占2004年所有售出電腦的40%。例4-15：Young populations had a high-than-average smoking rate, who were followed by the mid-aged.錯(cuò)因：繁瑣；小作文當(dāng)中，注意減少使用“who are”這種從句結(jié)構(gòu)，應(yīng)使用分詞結(jié)構(gòu)，或在后面直接加名詞或者數(shù)詞作同位語，這樣更為簡潔。改正：Young populations had a high-than-average smoking rate, UUUfollowed byUUU (過去分詞) the mid-age

54、d.大意：年輕人的吸煙率要比平均人口高，其次是中年人。 4.4.4 語法錯(cuò)誤1）副詞的位置例4-16：The number of obese people in the UK dramatically increased in at least ten years錯(cuò)因：副詞位置；小作文中，修飾上升下降的副詞一般放在動(dòng)詞的后面；類似副詞有dramatically，substantially，steadily，considerably，significantly，sharply，steeply，moderately，slightly等。改正：The number of obese people i

55、n the UK increased dramatically in at least ten years大意： 英國患肥胖癥的人數(shù)急劇上升超過十年。例4-17：The illiteracy rate slightly dropped to 2.3%, but it was still the third highest ever recorded.錯(cuò)因：副詞的位置；副詞的位置比較靈活，要根據(jù)不同情況進(jìn)行判斷。此句中，副詞slightly應(yīng)放在不及物動(dòng)詞的后面、介詞的前面。改正：The illiteracy rate dropped slightly to 2.3%, but it was s

56、till the third highest ever recorded.大意：文盲率輕微下降到2.3%，但這仍然是目前有記載的第三高。2）一個(gè)句子不能有兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞例4-18：In the first half of 2006, the number of recorded traffic accidents in New York rose 8-fold to 2,504, cost $35 million.錯(cuò)因：出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞rose和cost，應(yīng)該將cost變成現(xiàn)在分詞。改正：In the first half of 2006the number of recorded traffiC accidents in New York rose 8-fold to 2,504, costing $35 million.大意：在2006年的上半年，紐約記錄在案的交通事故數(shù)目上升了8倍，達(dá)到2504起，造成3500萬損失。例4-19：There were 100,000 more people work on a full-time basis in 2004 than in 1994錯(cuò)因： 一個(gè)句子不能有兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞，要將后面的work改成現(xiàn)在分詞working，作people的定語。改正：There were 100,000 more peopl