2019連詞的用法(知識梳理)精品教育.doc

1、連詞的用法概念引入連詞就是把兩個或兩個以上相關(guān)的單句組合起來的詞語。連詞用來連接詞、短語、 從句或句子，是一種虛詞，不能單獨作句子成分；連詞可以使句子與句子聯(lián)系比較緊湊，因而使上下文更加連貫。連詞在英語中的運用比在漢語中廣泛得多。在漢語中常把兩個或更多的詞句等連起來而不用連詞，但在英語中卻很少有這種情況。Are we to have a meeting today or tomorrow?我們是今天開會，還是明天？（連接詞）He did not come this morning but yesterday evening.他不是今天早晨來的，而是昨天晚上來的。（連接短語）She set ou

2、t soon after dark and arrived home an hour later.她天黑后不久出發(fā)，一小時后到家。（連接短語）We re going to the bookstore in John s car. You can comr yeowuitchanusmeet us therelater.我們乘約翰的車去書店。要么你和我們一起去，要么以后到書店找我們。（連接句子）I don t knowwhether/if he will come.我不知道他是否會來。（連接句子）語法講解連詞的分類1. 連詞從本身含義及所連接的語言單位之間的邏輯關(guān)系，可分為并列連詞和從屬連詞。并

3、列連詞是用來連接彼此并列的詞、短語、 從句或句子的詞，常用的： and, or, but, for, therefore,not only.but also 等。從屬連詞通常引導(dǎo)名詞性從句即主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句（ that, whether,if 等）以及狀語從句（when, while, though, because, if, so that 等） 。2. 連詞從句子結(jié)構(gòu)形式上分為：簡單連詞：and, but, when, for, if, where 等。關(guān)聯(lián)連詞：bothand, neithernor, as.as 等。短語連詞：as if, so that 等。分

4、詞連詞：given, considering, supposing 等。并列連詞并列連詞可表示多種意義，但主要有四種，即表示并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、選擇、因果等。注意并列連詞在句子中位置比較固定，定位于所連接的語言單位之間，兩個并列連詞不能并用,而可以與從屬連詞并用。表示并列關(guān)系的并列連詞and 的用法1. 可以連接兩個詞，多用于肯定句中。Go and fetch something to eat. （連接兩個動詞如go, come 等表示目的）去取些吃的東西來。He started to shout and sing.他開始大叫并唱歌。Read it slowly and clearly. 慢慢念，念清

5、楚。The balloon flew higher and higher. 氣球越飛越高。You can meet teachers and students你會見至 U許多老和學(xué)生。Proper diet and exercise are important to health. 適當(dāng)?shù)娘嬍澈湾憻拰】岛苤匾?. 連接兩個句子，表示因果、對比、條件、假設(shè)、目的等。They didn t catch the bus, and had to stay in a hotel for the night.他們沒趕上汽車，只好在旅館過夜。（因果）Mary likes music and Lily i

6、s fond of sports.瑪麗喜歡音樂，莉莉愛好體育運動。（對比）Work hard and you will succeed.（條件，前面部分常為祈使句）如果你努力工作，就會成功。One more week and we ll accomplish the task.再一星期，我們就完成任務(wù)。（條件）both.and 的用法both.and意為： 不但而且；既又”，是并列連詞，可以并列主語、賓語、表語、狀語、謂語等成分。并列主語時謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Both New York and London have traffic problems.紐約和倫敦都存在交通問題。The secr

7、etary both speaks and writes Spanish.這位秘書不但能講而且能寫西班牙語。Both teaching and research work are making great strides.教學(xué)與科研都在大踏步前進。The delegates visited both New York and Boston.代表們既訪問了紐約，又訪問了波士頓。She both plays the piano and sings.她既會彈鋼琴又會唱歌。Both she and the headmaster were pleased with the boy.她和校長都喜歡這個男孩

8、。The situation both at home and abroad is in our favor.國內(nèi)外形勢對我們都很有利。not only.but also 的用法not only.but also意為： 不但而且"，是并列連詞，可以連接兩個詞，也可連接兩個句子。其中，but also 中的 also 可以省略。not only.but also 可以連接句中所有的成分，連接并列主語時，其謂語動詞根據(jù)就近原則，與所靠近的成分保持數(shù)的一致。Not only the students but （also） their teacher is enjoying the movi

9、e.不僅學(xué)生們津津有味地看著這部電影，而且他們的老師也是如此。He can speak not only French but （also） English.他不但會講法而且會講英語。He not only had seen the film but also remembered what he had seen.他不僅看過那部影片，而且記得影片的內(nèi)容。not only.but also 可以連接兩個句子，not only 位于句首時，not only 后的句子要倒裝。Not only is he a scientist, but he is also a fighter.他不但是位科學(xué)家而

10、且還是名戰(zhàn)士。Not only was everything he had taken away, but his citizenship.不僅他的一切被拿走，而且他的國籍也被取消。as well as 的用法as well as 起連詞作用，表示“同、和、也”等。The editors as well as the proofreaders are working overtime.編輯和校對者都在加班工作。I have read his novels as well as his plays.我讀過他的小說和劇本。并列連詞when 的用法when 作為并列連詞，意為“就在那時”I was

11、about to leave when the telephone rang.我剛想走，突然電話鈴響了。We played outside till sunset, when it began to rain.我們在戶外一直玩到太陽下山, 那時天下起雨來了。表示選擇關(guān)系的并列連詞此類并列連詞主要有or, or else, either.or, otherwise， neither.nor, not nor 等。or 可以連接兩個的詞，多用于否定或者疑問句中。主語的人稱、數(shù)不一致時, 動詞隨著接近的主語而變化。John or you are in Class Two.約翰或者你在二班。He ne

12、ver smokes or drinks.他從不吸煙，也不喝酒。Will you have tea or coffee?你喝茶還是喝咖啡？Are you leavening for Beijing by train or by plane?你是坐火車還是坐飛機去北京？She will be back either today or tomorrow. 她不是今天回來，就是明天回來。Would you like a cup of coffee or shall we get down to business right away?你愿意先喝咖啡還是我們談?wù)隆ut on your overco

13、at, or you will catch cold.穿上你的大衣，不然你會著涼。He must pay the debt or else go to prison.他必須還債，否則就得去坐牢。（or和else連用）Hurry up, or/or else we ll be late for the meeting.趕快，否則我們開會要遲到的。注意： or, or else, otherwise 三者相比，or else 語氣較 or 強，而 otherwise 語氣則最強。Make haste, or （else） you ll be late.快點 , 要不然就來不及了。Let s beg

14、in; otherwise, we will fall behind.我們這就開始吧，不然會落后的。I would like you to change this blouse, or else give me my money back.我想要你換掉這件襯衣，要不把錢退給我。表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的并列連詞這類連詞連接兩個含義不同的甚至是反義的詞、短語或分句。常見的還有yet（然而），while（而），however（可是）等。其中while與but的區(qū)別在于：while表示對比，而 but表示意 義正好相反。Learning the guitar isn t difficult, but you h

15、ave to practice.學(xué)彈吉它并不難，但你得練習(xí)。The changes in the city will cost quite a lot, but they will save us money in the long run.改造城市需要花費很多的錢，但從長遠來看還是省錢。Excuse me for breaking in, but I have some news for you.請原諒我貿(mào)然闖入，但我有消息告訴你。In some Asian countries, nodding the head means not “ Yes” but “ No” .有些亞洲國家，點頭并不

16、表示“是 ”而是表示“不 ”。He was in deep trouble, yet he didn t lose heart.他深陷困境，然而他沒有喪失信心。Rick was very successful. However, the last few years of his life were not happy ones.瑞克非常成功，然而他的晚年并不幸福。You like sports, while I d rather read.你喜歡體育而我卻喜歡讀書。They were surprised that a child should work out the problem, wh

17、ile they themselves couldn他們很吃驚一個孩子能把這個題解出來而他們卻不能。She thought I was talking about her daughter, while in fact I was talking about my daughter.她認為我是在談?wù)撍呐畠海聦嵣衔以谡務(wù)撐遗畠?。注意?not.but 在連接主語時，謂語動詞要按就近原則，與靠近的主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。Not the manager but the workers are hoping to do that.不是經(jīng)理而是工人們希望那么做。Not you but I am

18、a teacher.不是你而是我是老師。but 與 however 區(qū)別首先 however 位置較靈活，常用逗號與主句隔開，而but 通常不用；其次but 常用于 I msorry/Excuse me, but. 中，而however 不可。1. but 表示轉(zhuǎn)折、對比、對照，語氣最強，常位于句子的開頭。His mother won t be there but his father might.他母親不會在那兒，但他父親也許會在?？谡Z中在上下文語境中會用于句首。“ I read it in a newspaper.” “ But newspapers are not always righ

19、t.”“我從報紙上讀到的這則消息?！薄?但是報紙并不總是正確的。”I m sorry, but I can t help you with the problem.很抱歉，我不能幫助你解決這個問題。2. however作連詞時，其引導(dǎo)的從句放在主句前，也可放在主句后，表示 不管”。另外，however 常用作副詞，表示“然而 ”，這時，however 可位于句首、句中、句末，但必須有逗號與主句隔開。however 還可表示“無論怎樣”。He was feeling bad. He went to work, however, and tried to concentrate.他感覺不舒服，但他

20、仍然去上班，并努力集中精力。They had worked hard. H owever, they didn t finish the task.他們很努力工作，然而沒有完成任務(wù)。while 與 although 區(qū)別1 . while 可作從屬連詞，表 “雖然 ”， 此時可與although 互換。 while 可作并列連詞，表 “然而 ”，強調(diào)前后是對比的關(guān)系，所引導(dǎo)的句子不能位于句首。While I haven t seen， hIimhave regarded him as my friend.雖然我沒有見過他，我一直把他當(dāng)作我的朋友。I do every single bit of

21、 housework while my husband Bob just does the dishes now and then.我做所有的家務(wù)，而我的丈夫鮑勃只是偶爾刷刷碗。I learned a lot of French while I was in Paris.在巴黎時我學(xué)了很多法語。2 although 表 “雖然 ”，引導(dǎo)從句時不能與but 共用，但可與still ， yet 連用。Although she hates her stepmother， now and then she goes to see her for the love of her father.盡管她不喜

22、歡她的繼母，但為了她對父親的那份愛，她還是時常去看望她。Although they are proud ， they are afraid to see me.他們雖然傲慢，但他們怕見我。表示因果關(guān)系的并列連詞并列連詞for 的用法for 可以表示“因為 ”但引導(dǎo)的不是從句，而是分句，對前面情況加以解釋，常用逗號把它和前面的分句分開，這在書面語中計較多見（口語中多用because, as , since等）：The days were short, for it was December.白天很短，因為已經(jīng)是十二月。它還可以表示為什么有前面的看法（此時不能用because, as, since

23、：）She must have gone out early, for she had not shown up at breakfast.她肯定一早出去了，因為她沒來吃早飯。so的用法so 表示結(jié)果，可譯為“因此 ”、 “所以 ”：Our cases were heavy, so we took a taxi.我們的箱子很重，因此我們坐了出租車。注意：therefore 為副詞，也表示同樣的意思，可放句前：He had gone; she therefore gave the money to me.他走了，于是她把錢給了我。hence 也是副詞，也表示類似意思，多用在說理性文章中，且多用在

24、分句或句子開頭：My mother is by herself; hence I must go home now.我媽一個人在家，因此我得回去了。從屬連詞用法引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句的從屬連詞表示 當(dāng)時候”或 每當(dāng)"的時間連詞 when, while, as, whenever：The phone rang just as I was leaving.我正要離開，電話鈴就響了起來。3 .表示 在之前（或之后）”的時間連詞before, after ：He started the job soon after he left the university.他大學(xué)畢業(yè)后就開始做這份工作。4 .

25、表示“自從 ”或 “直到 ”的時間連詞since, until, till ：Most men worked until till they re 65.大多數(shù)男人工作到65 歲。5 .表示 J就“的時間連詞 as soon as, the moment, the minute, the second, the instant,immediately, directly, instantly, once, no sooner.than, hardly.when 等：I went home directly I had finished work.我一干完活就回家了。6 .表示 上次"

26、、 下次"、每次”等的時間連詞every time（每次），each time（每次），（the） next time（下次），any time（隨時），（the） last time（上次），the first time（第一次）： Do look me up next time you re in London.你下次到倫敦來，一定來找我。注意： every time, each time, any time 前不用冠詞，（the） next time, （the） last time 中的冠詞可以省略，而the first time 中的冠詞通常不能省略。引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的從屬

27、連詞這類連詞主要有 if, unless, as /so long as, in case 等：If anyone calls tell them I m not at home.第 7 頁要是有人打電話來，就說我不在家。注意：在條件狀語從句中，通常要用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來意義，而不能直接使用將來時態(tài)。不過，有時表示條件的if之后可能用will ,但那不是將來時態(tài)，而是表示意愿或委婉的請求 (will為情態(tài)動詞)：If you will wait a moment, I ' ll fetch the money.請等一下，我就去拿錢。引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的從屬連詞引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的從屬連詞主

28、要的有in order that, so that, in case, for fear that等：We used the computer in order that we might save time.我們使用計算機是為了節(jié)約時間。引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的從屬連詞引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的從屬連詞主要的有so that, sothat, suchthat等：He shut the window with such force that the glass broke.他關(guān)窗戶用力很大，結(jié)果玻璃震破了。引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的從屬連詞引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的從屬連詞主要的有because, as, since,

29、seeing (that), now (that), considering(that)等：Now that you are here, you ' d better stay.你既然來了，最好還是留下吧。引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的從屬連詞引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的從屬連詞主要的有although, though, even though, even if, while, however,whatever, whoever, whenever, wherever 等：Even if you don ' t like wine, try a glass of this.即使你不喜歡喝酒，也嘗嘗這

30、杯吧。引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句的從屬連詞引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句的從屬連詞主要的有as, like, as if, as though, the way等：He behaved as if nothing had happened.他裝作若無其事的樣子。引導(dǎo)地點狀語從句的從屬連詞引導(dǎo)地點狀語從句的從屬連詞主要的有where, wherever, everywhere等：There were lots of parks where I lived.我住的地方有許多公園。引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句的從屬連詞引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句的從屬連詞主要的有than和as.as：It ' s easier than I though

31、t.這比我想象的要容易。引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的從屬連詞引起名詞從句的從屬連詞主要有that, whether, if等，它們用于引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句和同位語從句。其中that不充當(dāng)句子成分，沒有詞義，在句子中只起連接作用；而if,whether雖不充當(dāng)句子成分，但有詞義，即表示是否“。It is clear enough what he meant.他是什么意思很清楚。Your greatest fault is that you are careless.你最大的缺點是粗心大意。Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen. 是否對我們有害還要看看。She didn ' t say if he was still alive也沒說他