高三英語語法總復(fù)習(xí)——定語從句3

1、定語從句定語從句在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句，在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句，它的作用相當(dāng)于一個形容詞。它的作用相當(dāng)于一個形容詞。定語從句通常位于它所修飾的名詞或代詞之后，這種定語從句通常位于它所修飾的名詞或代詞之后，這種名詞或代詞叫做先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞為關(guān)系名詞或代詞叫做先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞為關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞。代詞或關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中可作主語、賓語和定語；關(guān)系關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中可作主語、賓語和定語；關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中只作狀語。副詞在定語從句中只作狀語。 1、先行詞先行詞 注意被定語從句所修飾的先行詞的注意被定語從句所修飾的先行詞的

2、特點，即是人還是物，以及將要在定語從句中特點，即是人還是物，以及將要在定語從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?。所充?dāng)?shù)某煞帧?如：如：The student who answered the question was my friend. (先行詞是先行詞是student在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語)The girl you met just now is my sister. (先行詞是先行詞是girl在定語從句中作賓語在定語從句中作賓語) 2.關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞 引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞,代替先行詞在定語從代替先行詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)成分

3、。句中充當(dāng)成分。 在定語從句中能作主語的關(guān)系代詞有在定語從句中能作主語的關(guān)系代詞有who,that,which其中其中who用于指人，用于指人，which用于指物，用于指物，that既可指人也可指物。既可指人也可指物。如如: An architect is a person who /that design houses and buildings. The supermarket which/that was opened last week is a very modern one. 在定語從句中能作賓語的關(guān)系代詞有在定語從句中能作賓語的關(guān)系代詞有who,whom,which,that其中

4、其中who, whom用于指人用于指人which用于指物用于指物that既可指人也可指物。既可指人也可指物。 如如:The suit which/that the tailor made for me doesnt fit me.The man whom/that I beat in the tennis game was my father.n 在定語從句中能作定語的關(guān)系代詞有在定語從句中能作定語的關(guān)系代詞有whose或或the +名詞名詞+of+which 如如:He lives in the room whose door is green. =He lives in the room

5、the door of which is green.The girl whose father is a teacher studies very well. =The girl the father of whom is a teacher studies very well.在定語從句中作方式狀語的關(guān)在定語從句中作方式狀語的關(guān)系 副 詞 常 被 省 略 如系 副 詞 常 被 省 略 如 : This is the way (how) he worked out the problem.n 介詞如果在定語從句的句介詞如果在定語從句的句首時首時,作賓語的關(guān)系代詞只能用作賓語的關(guān)系代詞只能用w

6、hom, which且不可省略且不可省略如如:The man with whom you shook hands just now is the head of our department. =The man whom you shook hands with just now is the head of our department.This is the book to which I referred in my talk. =This is the book (which) I referred to in my talk. n 非限制性定語從句和先行詞關(guān)系不非限制性定語從句和先行

7、詞關(guān)系不緊密用逗號和主句分開緊密用逗號和主句分開,另譯作一句另譯作一句,作為作為一種補充說明即使去掉從句，主句的意一種補充說明即使去掉從句，主句的意思仍然清楚而限制性定語從句和先行詞思仍然清楚而限制性定語從句和先行詞關(guān)系緊密從句不能去掉關(guān)系緊密從句不能去掉,如果去掉意思就如果去掉意思就不清楚且主句和從句之間無逗號一般譯不清楚且主句和從句之間無逗號一般譯在先行詞前面。在先行詞前面。 n 除除that不可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句外其不可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句外其他關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞均可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語他關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞均可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。從句。 All the books，which hav

8、e pictures have been sent to them.He has a brother who is a doctor.他有一個當(dāng)醫(yī)生的他有一個當(dāng)醫(yī)生的兄弟。（也許不止一個兄弟）兄弟。（也許不止一個兄弟）He has a brother ,who is a doctor.他有個兄弟，他是他有個兄弟，他是一個醫(yī)生。一個醫(yī)生。 n which在所引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，有在所引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，有時可以修飾整個主句即代替主句的意義。時可以修飾整個主句即代替主句的意義。 The examination has been put off，which is what we want.考

9、試被推遲了，這正是我們希望的?？荚嚤煌七t了，這正是我們希望的。 Mary was late again ,which made her teacher angry.瑪 麗 又 遲 到 了 ， 這 使 她 的 老 師 非 常 生 氣 ?，?麗 又 遲 到 了 ， 這 使 她 的 老 師 非 常 生 氣 。 n 只用只用which不用不用that的情況：的情況： （1）引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時）引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時Bamboo is hollow，which makes it very light（2）當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時）當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時The room in which my family

10、 live used to be a garage（3）當(dāng)先行詞本身為）當(dāng)先行詞本身為that時時 ：That which you told him about is what we want to know你告訴他的正是你告訴他的正是我們想知道的我們想知道的 n 只用只用that不用不用which的情況：的情況：（1）先行詞有序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時）先行詞有序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時如如:The first place that we visited was the Great Wall. This is the best film that has ever been made.（2）

11、先行詞前有）先行詞前有only,few,little,right,any,all, one等修飾時等修飾時 The only furniture (that) he had in the room was a chair and a small desk. There is little time that we can use.(3) 先行詞是不定代詞先行詞是不定代詞some, all, anything,little,much,something,everything,nothing,none等時等時That is all (that) I want to say. Is there an

12、ything (that) I can do for you? (4) 先行詞為人和物的名詞詞組先行詞為人和物的名詞詞組They talked about persons and things that they remembered in the school.(5) 主句前主句前who, whom有時有時Who is the man that is reading the newspaper over there?(6) 在在there be 或或there live結(jié)構(gòu)中先行詞指物結(jié)構(gòu)中先行詞指物There is a book on the desk that I am very int

13、erested in. (7)先行詞指物在主句中作表語先行詞指物在主句中作表語 Is this the book that you borrowed in the library?(8)在在 way(指方法指方法)后面常用后面常用that代替代替how或或 in which結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu) That was the way (that) he did it.(9) time(表示次數(shù)表示次數(shù))前有序數(shù)詞修飾前有序數(shù)詞修飾That was the last time that I met her. (10)習(xí)慣用法中習(xí)慣用法中that 可以用作關(guān)系副詞代替可以用作關(guān)系副詞代替(in, on, for)

14、which及及 when where, why, 而且而且that可可省略省略The way that (in which) you look at problem is wrong. I never forget the day (when, that, on which) I went to school 20years ago. Do you know anywhere (that, where) I can get a drink? I d like to know the reason (that, why, for which) you wont come. (11)當(dāng)先行詞前有當(dāng)

15、先行詞前有the same修飾時或當(dāng)先修飾時或當(dāng)先行詞和關(guān)系代詞指同一人或物時行詞和關(guān)系代詞指同一人或物時This is the same man that /who I told you about. This is the book that I bought yesterday. 只用只用who的情況。的情況。(1)先行詞為先行詞為those指人指人 Those who want to go there raise your hands. (2)there be (live)結(jié)構(gòu)中先行詞指人結(jié)構(gòu)中先行詞指人There is a young man outside who asks for

16、 you. There lived a king who was kind to his people.(3)先行詞為指人的不定代詞先行詞為指人的不定代詞one,anyone,no one, all, nobody, any body, none等等Anyone who broke the window would be punished. We should learn from the one who benefits us. n 選用關(guān)系副詞不能光看先行詞是否選用關(guān)系副詞不能光看先行詞是否是表示時間，地點和原因的名詞，而必是表示時間，地點和原因的名詞，而必須分析從句謂語動詞與先行詞之間的

17、邏須分析從句謂語動詞與先行詞之間的邏輯關(guān)系。如果關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語或輯關(guān)系。如果關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語或賓語則他仍須用關(guān)系代詞賓語則他仍須用關(guān)系代詞which或或that 如：如：We will never forget the day, which we spent together.I like to take my vacation in the mountain, which is quiet and beautiful.That is the reason, which he gave us for his action. n as 引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句時引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句時,先行詞常

18、先行詞常用用such和和same修飾修飾,as在從句中不省略如在從句中不省略如:He used such expressions as he could find n the tests.They stayed for the night in the same room as they had once rented. As 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時,as代表整個主句代表整個主句的意義的意義,定語從句在主句中的位置比較靈活。定語從句在主句中的位置比較靈活。 如：如：He is a teacher，as is clear from his manner.Taiwan, as

19、 is known to everyone, is a part of China. n 定語從句修飾定語從句修飾of前面的詞還是前面的詞還是of后面的詞后面的詞, 要看要看of前面的詞是否有定冠詞修飾。前面的詞是否有定冠詞修飾。 如如:Tom is one of the boys who were late this morning. (湯姆是所有早上遲到的男孩中的一湯姆是所有早上遲到的男孩中的一員員)Tom is the only one of the boys who was late this morning. ( 湯姆是所有男孩中早上遲到的湯姆是所有男孩中早上遲到的唯一個唯一個) 1

20、. There are 102 elements(化學(xué)元素化學(xué)元素) found in n a t u r e , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ a r e m e t a l s2. The house _roof was damaged has now been repaired.3. I have never been to Rome but thats the city I d m o s t l i k e t o v i s i t . 4.The reason _I have not done my homework is there are too many diffic

21、ult points. 5. “Gone are the days _I was young,” the s e v e n t y - y e a r - o l d m a n s a i d .6. This is the place _he lived in his childhood. 7. The pen_he writes id Hero 60.8. Mrs. Lee will move into her new house next Monday, _it will be completely furnished. 9. This is the very bus_well go

22、 to the theater.10.The best play _Shakespeare wrote is probably King Lear, but some people dont think so.11. He is the only one of the teachers_Spanish in our school.12. King Henry received a letter from Mr. Lirpa; _announced (宣布宣布)_he had finally solved the secret of light. 13. I bout a new book, _

23、is very beautiful.14. I have a book, _very interesting.15. Only a twenty-minute walk from his village is a little valley set among he hills, _is one of the quietest places in the world.16. Those _are willing to attend the party, sign here. 17. There are many places _we can visit in China.18.He was l

24、ooking pleasantly at the children and parcels _filled his bus.19.Which are the books _you bought for me?20. The village is no longer the one _was 5 years ago.21. Who is that girl _is standing by the window?22. Do you know Mr. Smith _story is very moving?23. There is a room, _window faces the river.2

25、4.There is a room, the window_faces the river.25.Such books _you bought are useful.26.The school is just the same _it was 10 years ago. 27. I want to use the same tool _you used just now.28. He didnt pass the exam, _we had expected.29.There is lots of air in loose snow, _can keep the cold out.30._is

26、 known, the earth is round, not flat.31.I dont like the way _he talks.32. This is the first time I have given you a lesson in French. 33.It is the museum _we visited last year.34.We expressed to them our wish _the same as theirs.35.He is the only one of the students_has got very good marks in the ma

27、tch.36. He is one of the students _have got good marks in the match.37. Is this the place_we visited last year?38. Is this place _we visited last year?39. He stood at the window; _he could see what was happening.40. _Is known to everybody, the noon travels around the earth once every month.41.After

28、living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town_he grew up as a child.42.He made another wonderful discovery, _ I think is of great importance to science.43. In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m., _many people have gone home. 44.She has bought the same sort of w

29、ashing machine_you have.45.There is nothing in the world_can frighten her.46.He paid the boy 10 dollars for washing 10 windows, most of _hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.47.Alice received an invitation from her boss, _came as a surprise.48.She likes to use words_is clear to him.49. I shall never forget those days_I lives in th