flac3d5.0結(jié)構(gòu)單元教程

1、整理課件1FLAC3D 5.0FLAC3D 5.0培訓(xùn)日程安排培訓(xùn)日程安排 FLAC3D V5.0界面操作界面操作 FLAC3D基本操作方法基本操作方法vs應(yīng)用流程；應(yīng)用流程； FLAC3D內(nèi)置內(nèi)置Fish語(yǔ)言的應(yīng)用；語(yǔ)言的應(yīng)用； FLAC3D結(jié)構(gòu)單元結(jié)構(gòu)單元vs接觸單元；接觸單元； FLAC3D滲流模塊滲流模塊 其他其他整理課件2StructuralElement整理課件3FLAC3D結(jié)構(gòu)單元結(jié)構(gòu)單元的類(lèi)型結(jié)構(gòu)單元的建模方法結(jié)構(gòu)單元的參數(shù)取值結(jié)構(gòu)單元實(shí)例分析關(guān)于link整理課件4FLAC3D中包含六種形式的結(jié)構(gòu)單元，可以分成兩類(lèi)：中包含六種形式的結(jié)構(gòu)單元，可以分成兩類(lèi)：線(xiàn)型結(jié)構(gòu)單元線(xiàn)型結(jié)構(gòu)單

2、元：梁?jiǎn)卧簡(jiǎn)卧?beam)錨索單元錨索單元(cable)樁單元樁單元(pile)殼型結(jié)構(gòu)單元：殼型結(jié)構(gòu)單元：殼單元?dú)卧?shell)土工格柵土工格柵(geogrid)襯砌單元襯砌單元(liner)FLAC3D中的結(jié)構(gòu)單元是巖土工程中實(shí)際結(jié)構(gòu)的一種“抽象”，即采用簡(jiǎn)單的單元形式來(lái)模擬復(fù)雜的結(jié)構(gòu)體。結(jié)構(gòu)單元由結(jié)構(gòu)節(jié)點(diǎn)(node)和結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)件(SELs)構(gòu)成。結(jié)構(gòu)單元中的節(jié)點(diǎn)(node)可以與周?chē)膶?shí)體網(wǎng)格(zone)或其它結(jié)構(gòu)節(jié)點(diǎn)建立連接(link)，通過(guò)連接實(shí)現(xiàn)巖土體或結(jié)構(gòu)與其它結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生相互作用。注意：結(jié)構(gòu)節(jié)點(diǎn)并不是簡(jiǎn)單地與實(shí)體網(wǎng)格的節(jié)點(diǎn)(gridpoint)建立聯(lián)系，也不能建立node與gr

3、idpoint之間的link1、結(jié)構(gòu)單元的類(lèi)型整理課件5梁?jiǎn)卧簡(jiǎn)卧猻el beam id 1 beg 4 0 -1 end 5 0 -2 nseg 4sel node id=1 0 0 0sel node id=2 2 0 0 sel node id=3 4 0 -1sel node id=4 5 0 -2sel beamsel cid=1 id=1 node 1 2 ;sel beamsel cid=2 id=1 node 2 3sel beamsel cid=3 id=1 node 3 4樁單元樁單元sel pile id 1 beg 0 0 0 end 0 0 10 nseg 42、結(jié)

4、構(gòu)單元的建模方法兩種建模方式各有各的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，第二種方式適合建立復(fù)雜曲線(xiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)單元（但但是要注意它不會(huì)自是要注意它不會(huì)自動(dòng)建立動(dòng)建立linklink！若不！若不手動(dòng)手動(dòng)linklink就無(wú)任何作就無(wú)任何作用用）整理課件6錨索單元錨索單元sel cable id 1 beg 4 0 -1 end 5 0 -2 nseg 42、結(jié)構(gòu)單元的建模方法整理課件7建立梁?jiǎn)卧@示單元坐標(biāo)系！2、結(jié)構(gòu)單元的建模方法線(xiàn)型結(jié)構(gòu)單元起始點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)并給定分段數(shù)目的方法；整理課件8ID號(hào)相同，共用Node，ID不同，各個(gè)ID對(duì)應(yīng)的結(jié)構(gòu)單元有各自獨(dú)立的node。除非設(shè)置聯(lián)系，否則即使節(jié)點(diǎn)位于同一位置也不會(huì)傳遞力。結(jié)構(gòu)單元的顯示

5、！GUI操作和命令操作（manual）！調(diào)整好顯示效果后可以將顯示的命令文件另存出來(lái)，以備下次使用。（最適用于幾何模型相同，參數(shù)不同的，不同工況分析的比較）2、結(jié)構(gòu)單元的建模方法線(xiàn)型結(jié)構(gòu)單元整理課件9先建立節(jié)點(diǎn)再聯(lián)接成單元的方法；2、結(jié)構(gòu)單元的建模方法線(xiàn)型結(jié)構(gòu)單元整理課件10殼單元?dú)卧?、結(jié)構(gòu)單元的建模方法殼型結(jié)構(gòu)單元整理課件11def set_vals global ptA = 25.0 * sin( 40.0*degrad ) ; global ptB = 25.0 * cos( 40.0*degrad )endset_valsgenerate zone cylinder p0=( 0.

6、0, 0.0, 0.0 ) & p1=( ptA, 0.0, ptB ) & p2=( 0.0, 25.0, 0.0 ) & p3=( 0.0, 0.0, 25.0 ) & p4=( ptA, 25.0, ptB ) & p5=( 0.0, 25.0, 25.0 ) & size=(1, 2, 2)sel shell id=5 range cylinder end1=(0.0, 0.0,0.0) & end2=(0.0,25.0,0.0) radius=24.5 notplot add zg plot ad sel geom delete

7、 zones ; delete all zonessel node init zpos add -25.02、結(jié)構(gòu)單元的建模方法殼型結(jié)構(gòu)單元整理課件12通過(guò)附著在實(shí)體網(wǎng)格表面來(lái)生成shell單元。The shells can then be repositioned if ecessary by using the SEL node init command2、結(jié)構(gòu)單元的建模方法殼型結(jié)構(gòu)單元整理課件13FLAC3D是巖土工程的專(zhuān)業(yè)軟件，因此一般很少用來(lái)做專(zhuān)門(mén)的結(jié)構(gòu)是巖土工程的專(zhuān)業(yè)軟件，因此一般很少用來(lái)做專(zhuān)門(mén)的結(jié)構(gòu)分析。在涉及到結(jié)構(gòu)單元的問(wèn)題中，往往都要考慮結(jié)構(gòu)與周?chē)膶?shí)分析。在涉及到結(jié)構(gòu)單元的

8、問(wèn)題中，往往都要考慮結(jié)構(gòu)與周?chē)膶?shí)體單元的相互作用。在結(jié)構(gòu)單元的建模時(shí)要特別注意一個(gè)基本原則：體單元的相互作用。在結(jié)構(gòu)單元的建模時(shí)要特別注意一個(gè)基本原則：一個(gè)一個(gè)zone至多包含一個(gè)至多包含一個(gè)structure node!因此在建立線(xiàn)型結(jié)構(gòu)單元時(shí)，要特別注意因此在建立線(xiàn)型結(jié)構(gòu)單元時(shí)，要特別注意nseg變量的大小。變量的大小。nseg太太小則會(huì)導(dǎo)致計(jì)算不精確，而太大就會(huì)違反結(jié)構(gòu)單元建模的基本原則。小則會(huì)導(dǎo)致計(jì)算不精確，而太大就會(huì)違反結(jié)構(gòu)單元建模的基本原則。2、結(jié)構(gòu)單元的建模方法注意事項(xiàng)整理課件14梁?jiǎn)卧簡(jiǎn)卧?emod彈性模量，彈性模量，Enu泊松比，泊松比，xcarea橫截面積，橫截面積，A

9、xciy梁結(jié)構(gòu)梁結(jié)構(gòu)y軸慣性矩軸慣性矩, Iyxciz梁結(jié)構(gòu)梁結(jié)構(gòu)z軸慣性矩，軸慣性矩，Ixxcij極慣性矩，極慣性矩，Jdensity密度，密度，pmoment塑性矩，塑性矩，Mpthexp熱膨脹系數(shù)，熱膨脹系數(shù)，tydirection矢量矢量Y錨索單元錨索單元 emod彈性模量，彈性模量， Excarea橫截面積，橫截面積，Agr_coh單位長(zhǎng)度上水泥漿粘結(jié)力單位長(zhǎng)度上水泥漿粘結(jié)力cggr_fric水泥漿的摩擦角水泥漿的摩擦角ggr_k單位長(zhǎng)度上水泥漿剛度單位長(zhǎng)度上水泥漿剛度kggr_per水泥漿外圈周長(zhǎng)水泥漿外圈周長(zhǎng)Pgslide大變形滑動(dòng)標(biāo)志大變形滑動(dòng)標(biāo)志slide_tol大變形滑動(dòng)容

10、差大變形滑動(dòng)容差ycomp抗壓強(qiáng)度抗壓強(qiáng)度(力力)density密度密度thexp熱膨脹系數(shù)熱膨脹系數(shù)3、結(jié)構(gòu)單元的參數(shù)取值整理課件153、結(jié)構(gòu)單元的參數(shù)取值某些結(jié)構(gòu)單元參數(shù)的取值要視具體情況而定，根據(jù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)且必要時(shí)調(diào)整參數(shù)通過(guò)試算來(lái)確定。整理課件164、結(jié)構(gòu)單元實(shí)例分析4.1、簡(jiǎn)支梁（beam單元）承受兩個(gè)相等集中載荷4.2、簡(jiǎn)支梁（shell單元）承受兩個(gè)相等集中載荷整理課件17Simple Beam Two Equal Concentrated Loads4.1、簡(jiǎn)支梁（beam單元）承受兩個(gè)相等集中載荷整理課件18A simply supported beam is loaded by

11、two equal concentrated loads, symmetrically placed as shown in Figure 1.9. The shear and moment diagrams for this configuration are also shown in the figure.The shear force magnitude,V, is equal to the applied concentrated load,P. The maximum moment,Mmax, occurs between the two loads and is equal to

12、 Pa. The maximum deflection of the beam,max, occurs at the center and is given by AISC (1980, p. 2-116) as4.1、簡(jiǎn)支梁（beam單元）承受兩個(gè)相等集中載荷整理課件19載荷(N)載荷距支座的距離(m)鉸支座之間的距離(m)彈性模量(Pa)慣性矩(m4)慣性矩(m5)最大撓度(m)PaLEIyIzmax10000392.00E+11 2.00E-04 2.00E-04 0.006468750 根據(jù)理論公式計(jì)算得到：4.1、簡(jiǎn)支梁（beam單元）承受兩個(gè)相等集中載荷整理課件20newtitle

13、 Simple Beam - Two Equal Concentrated Loads Symmetrically Placed; =; Create the grid, insure that nodes will exist at third points.sel beam id=1 begin=( 0, 0, 0) end=( 3, 0, 0) nseg=3sel beam id=1 begin=( 3, 0, 0) end=( 6, 0, 0) nseg=4sel beam id=1 begin=( 6, 0, 0) end=( 9, 0, 0) nseg=3; =; Assign b

14、eam propertiessel beam id=1 prop emod=2e11 nu=0.30 &xcarea=6e-3 xcj=0.0 xciy=200e-6 xciz=200e-6;=; Specify model boundary conditions (including applied loads)sel node fix z xr yr ; restrict all non-beam modessel node fix y range id=1 ;sel node fix y range id=9 ; ; rollers at beam endssel node ap

15、ply force=(0.0,-1e4,0.0) range id=2 ; apply point loadssel node apply force=(0.0,-1e4,0.0) range id=5 ;4.1、簡(jiǎn)支梁（beam單元）承受兩個(gè)相等集中載荷整理課件21; =; Setup histories for monitoring behavior.history add id=10 sel node ydisp id=7history add id=30 sel beamsel moment mz end2 cid=1 ; moment, right of SEL-1history a

16、dd id=31 sel beamsel moment mz end1 cid=2 ; moment, left of SEL-2; =; Bring the problem to equilibriumsolve ratio=1e-7save equal-concent-loads; =; Print out beam responses.list sel beam forcelist sel beam momentlist sel node disp range id=7return4.1、簡(jiǎn)支梁（beam單元）承受兩個(gè)相等集中載荷如何設(shè)置結(jié)構(gòu)單元的跟蹤變量！整理課件22Beam_conc

17、ent_loads_Example1.34.1、簡(jiǎn)支梁（beam單元）承受兩個(gè)相等集中載荷整理課件23撓度計(jì)算4.1、簡(jiǎn)支梁（beam單元）承受兩個(gè)相等集中載荷整理課件24剪力、彎矩計(jì)算整理課件25剪力、彎矩計(jì)算這是節(jié)點(diǎn)力！整理課件26整理課件27梁?jiǎn)卧植孔鴺?biāo)系：x軸從節(jié)點(diǎn)1到節(jié)點(diǎn)2，y軸在橫截面中4.1、簡(jiǎn)支梁（beam單元）承受兩個(gè)相等集中載荷整理課件28彎矩矢量的指向，右手法則！彎矩矢量的指向，右手法則！4.1、簡(jiǎn)支梁（beam單元）承受兩個(gè)相等集中載荷整理課件29List sel beamnodal forces: components are displayed in terms

18、of the beam local coordinate systems. These are the forces exerted by the nodes on the beamSEL.小結(jié)：梁?jiǎn)卧某Ｓ妹?.1、簡(jiǎn)支梁（beam單元）承受兩個(gè)相等集中載荷history sel beamselcid怎么找？（坐標(biāo)or鼠標(biāo)information？）整理課件30selSel node 命令 針對(duì)所有的結(jié)構(gòu)單元整理課件31Sel node fix keyword . . .整理課件32newtitle Simple Beam (modeled using shellSELs)gen zone

19、brick size 12,3,1 &p0 0,0,1.0 p1 9,0,1.0 p2 0 0 0 p3 0 1 1.0 ;shell 寬度為單位1（z方向上）sel shell id=1 crossdiag elemtype=dkt range y -0.1 0.1sel shell id=1 prop iso=(2e11, 0.0) thick=0.133887delete zonesel node fix x y xr yr range x=(-0.1, 0.1) ; support at left end hinge 鉸支座sel node fix y xr yr range

20、x=( 8.9, 9.1) ; support at right end roller 輥軸支座sel node fix z xr yr ; restrict non-beam deformation modessel node apply force=(0,-1667,0) range union id=71 id=12 ; out nds, leftsel node apply force=(0,-3333,0) range union id=46 id=13 ; in nds, leftsel node apply force=(0,-1667,0) range union id=79

21、id=24 ; out nds, rt.sel node apply force=(0,-3333,0) range union id=54 id=25 ; in nds, rt.將均布載荷轉(zhuǎn)換為等效節(jié)點(diǎn)力4.2、簡(jiǎn)支梁（shell單元）承受兩個(gè)相等集中載荷整理課件33history add id=1 unbalhistory add id=10 sel node ydisp id=19 ; displ at center; moment, left thirdhistory add id=20 sel recover sres Mx surfX 1,0,0 cid=59; shear, le

22、ft thirdhistory add id=30 sel recover sres Qx surfX 1,0,0 cid=59solve ratio=1e-7list sel node disp range id=19save shell0return 4.2、簡(jiǎn)支梁（shell單元）承受兩個(gè)相等集中載荷整理課件344.2、簡(jiǎn)支梁（shell單元）承受兩個(gè)相等集中載荷整理課件35sel shell id=1 elemtype=cst range y -0.1 0.1 ;no-crossdiagsel shell id=1 crossdiag elemtype=dkt range y -0.1

23、 0.1Crossdiag vs no-crossdiag 4.2、簡(jiǎn)支梁（shell單元）承受兩個(gè)相等集中載荷整理課件36局部坐標(biāo)系！看彎矩到底應(yīng)該看哪一個(gè)？整理課件374.2、簡(jiǎn)支梁（shell單元）承受兩個(gè)相等集中載荷整理課件384.2、簡(jiǎn)支梁（shell單元）承受兩個(gè)相等集中載荷整理課件39整理課件404.2、簡(jiǎn)支梁（shell單元）承受兩個(gè)相等集中載荷整理課件41surfX Xx Xy XzThe surfx vector (Xx, Xy, Xz) enables a surface coordinate system to be generated for all nodes us

24、ed by the shell-type SELs in the optional range. The surface coordinate system, xyz, has the following properties: (1) z is normal to the surface; (2) x is the projection of the given surfx vector onto the surface; and (3) y is orthogonal to x and z. The z-direction is found at each node by taking t

25、he average normal direction of all shell-type SELs in the range. If the surfx vector is aligned at z at any node, then processing stops and an error message is displayed. To proceed, designate a different surfx vector, or restrict the range of shell-type SELs considered.The surface coordinate system

26、 can be queried with the command LIST sel recover surface and the FISH function nd_ssys. It can also be set for an individual node with the FISH function nd_ssysx. It can be visualized with the sel geometry plot item by setting the systemtype switchword.The validity of the surface system at a partic

27、ular node can be queried with the FISH function nd_svalid. The surface system at a node automatically becomes invalid under the following conditions: (1) large-strain update; or (2) creation or deletion of a shell-type SEL that uses the node. Validity must be reestablished with the SEL recover surfa

28、ce command.Sel Sel RecRecover keyword 整理課件425、關(guān)于link兩種：Node-ZoneNode-Node整理課件43創(chuàng)建一個(gè)新的link，link的源節(jié)點(diǎn)為sid，而聯(lián)接目標(biāo)為node或zone。Id為新link的ID號(hào)。Sid是已經(jīng)存在的節(jié)點(diǎn)（作為源節(jié)點(diǎn)）的ID號(hào)，可選關(guān)鍵字target用于確定目標(biāo)對(duì)象（node或zone）。默認(rèn)的目標(biāo)對(duì)象為zone。對(duì)于zone目標(biāo)對(duì)象，如果tid沒(méi)有定義，將會(huì)使用與源節(jié)點(diǎn)距離在delta范圍內(nèi)的非空zone；否則，如果tid定義了，如果該tid所指示的單元為非空zone，且該zone的邊界距離在delta之內(nèi)，就

29、會(huì)建立link。對(duì)于node目標(biāo)對(duì)象，tid就必須定義了，且兩個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)必須彼此很靠近。由delta確定。如果不能確定源和目標(biāo)對(duì)象，就會(huì)報(bào)錯(cuò)，且該命令不會(huì)對(duì)模型產(chǎn)生任何作用。新link的attachment條件設(shè)置為6個(gè)自由度均為“rigid”。Side1，side2關(guān)鍵字對(duì)于確定嵌入式liner的哪個(gè)面上產(chǎn)生link。sel可選參數(shù)與必選參數(shù)！可選參數(shù)與必選參數(shù)！整理課件445、關(guān)于link以預(yù)應(yīng)力錨桿的托盤(pán)模擬為例sel cable id=1 beg 0, 0, 0 end 0 ,29, 0 nseg 10 sel cable id=1 beg 0,29,0 end 0,35,0 nseg 6

30、sel cable id=1 prop emod 2e10 ytension 310e3 xcarea 0.0004906 &gr_coh 1 gr_k 1 gr_per 0.0785 range cid 1,10sel cable id=1 prop emod 2e10 ytension 310e3 xcarea 0.0004906 &gr_coh 10e5 gr_k 2e7 range cid 11,17sel delete link range id 1 ；這里刪除的是誰(shuí)的id？Sel link id=100 1 target zonesel link attach xd

31、ir=rigid ydir=rigid zdir=rigid xrdir=rigid yrdir=rigid zrdir=rigid range id 100sel cable id=1 pretension 60e3 range cid 1,10整理課件45FLAC3D數(shù)值模擬計(jì)算實(shí)例pBeam單元基坑開(kāi)挖支護(hù)p以前述extrude的模型為例，進(jìn)行隧道和基坑開(kāi)挖支護(hù)整理課件46bulk(Pa)shear(Pa)fric(?)coh(Pa)tens(Pa)1e80.3e8351e31e3開(kāi)挖區(qū)域材料力學(xué)參數(shù)計(jì)算模型幾何邊界pBeam單元基坑開(kāi)挖支護(hù)FLAC3D數(shù)值模擬計(jì)算實(shí)例數(shù)值模擬計(jì)算實(shí)例整

32、理課件47基坑垮塌過(guò)程pBeam單元基坑開(kāi)挖支護(hù)FLAC3D數(shù)值模擬計(jì)算實(shí)例數(shù)值模擬計(jì)算實(shí)例整理課件48基坑垮塌過(guò)程pBeam單元基坑開(kāi)挖支護(hù)FLAC3D數(shù)值模擬計(jì)算實(shí)例數(shù)值模擬計(jì)算實(shí)例整理課件49基坑垮塌過(guò)程pBeam單元基坑開(kāi)挖支護(hù)FLAC3D數(shù)值模擬計(jì)算實(shí)例數(shù)值模擬計(jì)算實(shí)例整理課件50基坑垮塌過(guò)程pBeam單元基坑開(kāi)挖支護(hù)FLAC3D數(shù)值模擬計(jì)算實(shí)例數(shù)值模擬計(jì)算實(shí)例整理課件51pBeam單元基坑開(kāi)挖支護(hù)基坑垮塌過(guò)程FLAC3D數(shù)值模擬計(jì)算實(shí)例數(shù)值模擬計(jì)算實(shí)例整理課件52pBeam單元基坑開(kāi)挖支護(hù)基坑垮塌過(guò)程FLAC3D數(shù)值模擬計(jì)算實(shí)例數(shù)值模擬計(jì)算實(shí)例整理課件53pBeam單元基坑開(kāi)挖支護(hù)

33、基坑垮塌過(guò)程FLAC3D數(shù)值模擬計(jì)算實(shí)例數(shù)值模擬計(jì)算實(shí)例整理課件54pBeam單元基坑開(kāi)挖支護(hù)基坑垮塌過(guò)程FLAC3D數(shù)值模擬計(jì)算實(shí)例數(shù)值模擬計(jì)算實(shí)例整理課件55pBeam單元基坑開(kāi)挖支護(hù)基坑垮塌過(guò)程FLAC3D數(shù)值模擬計(jì)算實(shí)例數(shù)值模擬計(jì)算實(shí)例整理課件56pBeam單元基坑開(kāi)挖支護(hù)FLAC3D數(shù)值模擬計(jì)算實(shí)例數(shù)值模擬計(jì)算實(shí)例整理課件57pBeam單元基坑開(kāi)挖支護(hù)最大不平衡力FLAC3D數(shù)值模擬計(jì)算實(shí)例數(shù)值模擬計(jì)算實(shí)例整理課件58pBeam單元基坑開(kāi)挖支護(hù)最大不平衡力FLAC3D數(shù)值模擬計(jì)算實(shí)例數(shù)值模擬計(jì)算實(shí)例整理課件59Interface整理課件60Interface-概述巖土工程中涉及到很多

34、的接觸問(wèn)題，比如擋土墻與墻后填土之間的接觸、樁與土接觸、土石壩中混凝土防滲墻與土體之間的接觸等。FLAC/FLAC3D提供了接觸面單元，可以分析一定受力條件下兩個(gè)接觸的表面上產(chǎn)生錯(cuò)動(dòng)滑移、分開(kāi)與閉合。概述FLAC 和 FLAC3D中的接觸面單元可以用來(lái)模擬巖體中的節(jié)理、斷層； 地基與土體之間的接觸； 礦倉(cāng)與倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)物的接觸面； 相互碰撞物體之間的接觸面； 空間中的障礙邊界（即固定的不變形的邊界）條件。FLAC3D中建立接觸面單元應(yīng)遵循以下原則： 小的表面與大的表面相連時(shí)，接觸面應(yīng)建立在小的表面上； 如果兩相鄰的網(wǎng)格有不同的密度，接觸面應(yīng)建立在密度大的區(qū)域上； 接觸面單元尺寸通常應(yīng)該等于或小于相連的

35、目標(biāo)面的尺寸； 使用 Attach 命令連接的兩個(gè)表面不應(yīng)再建立接觸面。整理課件61Interface-概述FLAC 和 FLAC3D中的接觸面采用的是無(wú)厚度接觸面單元，接觸面本構(gòu)模型采用的是庫(kù)侖剪切模型。FLAC3D中接觸面的基本理論FLAC3D中接觸面單元由一系列三節(jié)點(diǎn)的三角形單元構(gòu)成，接觸面單元將三角形面積分配到各個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)中，每個(gè)接觸面節(jié)點(diǎn)都有一個(gè)相關(guān)的表示面積。每個(gè)四邊形區(qū)域面用兩個(gè)三角形接觸面單元來(lái)定義，然后在每個(gè)接觸面單元頂點(diǎn)上自動(dòng)生成節(jié)點(diǎn)，當(dāng)另外一個(gè)網(wǎng)格面與接觸面單元相連時(shí)，接觸面節(jié)點(diǎn)就會(huì)產(chǎn)生。FLAC3D中接觸面是單面的，認(rèn)識(shí)這一點(diǎn)很重要，這點(diǎn)與二維 FLAC 中所定義的雙面接觸

36、面不同。可以把接觸面看作“收縮帶”，可以在指定面上拉伸，從而導(dǎo)致接觸面和與之可能相連的其它任何面的相互刺入變得敏感。接觸面單元可以通過(guò)接觸面結(jié)點(diǎn)和實(shí)體單元表面（稱(chēng)為目標(biāo)面）之間來(lái)建立聯(lián)系。接觸面法向方向所受到的力由目標(biāo)面方位所決定。 在每個(gè)時(shí)間步計(jì)算中，首先得到接觸面節(jié)點(diǎn)和目標(biāo)面之間的絕對(duì)法向刺入量和相對(duì)剪切速度，再利用接觸面本構(gòu)模型來(lái)計(jì)算法向力和切向力的大小。整理課件62Interface-概述接觸面單元、接觸面節(jié)點(diǎn)以及節(jié)點(diǎn)表示面積的示意圖。整理課件63為何要分離網(wǎng)格后再“移來(lái)移去”整理課件64整理課件651、手冊(cè)中給出的接觸面建立方法So-called “移來(lái)移去法”gen zone ra

37、dcyl p0 (0,0,0) p1 (8,0,0) p2 (0,0,-5) p3 (0,8,0) &p4 (8,0,-5) p5 (0,8,-5) p6 (8,8,0) p7 (8,8,-5) &p8 (.3,0,0) p9 (0,.3,0) p10 (.3,0,-5) p11 (0,.3,-5) &size 3 10 6 15 ratio 1 1 1 1.15gen zone radcyl p0 (0,0,-5) p1 (8,0,-5) p2 (0,0,-8) p3 (0,8,-5) &p4 (8,0,-8) p5 (0,8,-8) p6 (8,8,-5)

38、p7 (8,8,-8) &p8 (.3,0,-5) p9 (0,.3,-5) p10 (.3,0,-8) p11 (0,.3,-8) &size 3 6 6 15 ratio 1 1 1 1.15 fillgen zone reflect dd 270 dip 90group zone clay ;group clay (old command）整理課件661、手冊(cè)中給出的接觸面建立方法So-called “移來(lái)移去法”interface 1 face range cylinder end1 (0,0,0) end2 (0,0,-5.1) radius .31 &cyl

39、inder end1 (0,0,0) end2 (0,0,-5.1) radius .29 notinterface 2 face range cylinder end1 (0,0,-4.9) end2 (0,0,-5.1) radius .31gen zone cylinder p0 (0,0,6) p1 (.3,0,6) p2 (0,0,1) p3 (0,.3,6) p4 (.3,0,1) p5 (0,.3,1) &size 3 10 6& ;寫(xiě)簡(jiǎn)寫(xiě)的時(shí)候要注意新老版本的區(qū)別gen zone cylinder p0 (0,0,6.1) p1 (.3,0,6.1) p2 (0

40、,0,6) p3 (0,.3,6.1) &p4 (.3,0,6) p5 (0,.3,6) &size 3 1 6gen zone reflect dd 270 dip 90 range z 1 6.1group zone pile range z 1 6.1pauseini zposition add -6.0 range group pile ;ini z add -6.0 range group pile(old command）整理課件671、手冊(cè)中給出的接觸面建立方法So-called “移來(lái)移去法”整理課件68整理課件69整理課件70整理課件71“移來(lái)移去”法; Cr

41、eate Basegen zone brick size 3 3 3 &p0 (0,0,0) p1 (3,0,0) p2 (0,3,0) p3 (0,0,1.5) &p4 (3,3,0) p5 (0,3,1.5) p6 (3,0,4.5) p7 (3,3,4.5)group zone Base; Create Top - 1 unit high for initial spacinggen zone brick size 3 3 3 &p0 (0,0,2.5) p1 (3,0,5.5) p2 (0,3,2.5) p3 (0,0,7) &p4 (3,3,5.5)

42、p5 (0,3,7) p6 (3,0,7) p7 (3,3,7)group zone Top range group Base not; Create interface elements on the top surface of the baseinterface 1 face range plane norm (-1,0,1) origin (1.5,1.5,3) dist 0.1; Lower top to complete geometryini zpos add -1.0 range group Top整理課件722、接觸面建立方法So-called “倒來(lái)倒去法”我們最終的目的就

43、是在中心小塊體與外圍網(wǎng)格之間建立接觸面。分開(kāi)建立網(wǎng)格建立inner網(wǎng)格及其表面的Interface導(dǎo)入外圍mesh1. 賦予材料屬性，測(cè)試接觸面是否發(fā)生了作用。整理課件73小練習(xí)：三種建立接觸面的方法計(jì)算結(jié)果是否相同（只要接觸面有響應(yīng)，肯定是相同的！）如果將接觸面建立在外部網(wǎng)格的內(nèi)表面，然后移入小塊體，結(jié)果是否相同呢？不加接觸面跟加了接觸面，模型的響應(yīng)（位移、應(yīng)力）有何區(qū)別？NrangeExample-7.1 union nrange整理課件743、切割模型的方法實(shí)際上是分離連續(xù)網(wǎng)格（原來(lái)網(wǎng)格連續(xù)，通過(guò)共用節(jié)點(diǎn)（GridPoint）傳遞力，分離后通過(guò)接觸面來(lái)傳遞。gen zone brick

44、size 3 3 3group zone inner range x 1 2 y 1 2 z 2 3group zone out range group inner notgenerate separate face group aa range group inner group out ;very different from old versioninterface 1 wrap first group inner ;second group out ;interface 1 permeability oninterface 1 maxedge 0.5整理課件75Wrap first k

45、eyword . . . second keyword . . .Interface elements are created on all zone faces belonging to the range specified after the keyword first. The tokens following first are a range descriptor as though normally used following a range keyword. Optionally, a second range may be given following the secon

46、d keyword. Interface elements are created along the zone boundary between the first and second ranges. If no second range is given, the default second range is the entire model, indicating that the entire boundary of first range will be used. Note that for an interface element to be created, an exac

47、t match must exist between gridpoints in space on either side of the boundary, although the faces themselves do not have to match exactly. To separate one group from another, see the GENERATE separate command.For example, the following command would find the twinned faces between group rock and grou

48、p soil, and put interface elements on the rock faces. Only faces with centroids within the range x 50.0 75.0 would be erface 1 wrap first group rock second group soil range x 50.0 75.0 interface 1 wrap first group rock second group soil range x 50.0 75.0 接觸面建立在第1個(gè)類(lèi)組上面，若不指定第2個(gè)類(lèi)組，就默認(rèn)第2個(gè)類(lèi)

49、組為整個(gè)模型，邊界面為整個(gè)第1個(gè)類(lèi)組的表面。整理課件76Generate separate face keyword separates (unmerges) the internal faces specified by the range. The gridpoints of the face are duplicated, and a new surface face is created. New faces and gridpoints get copies of all group and extra variable assignments belonging to the or

50、iginal face and gridpoint.Note that faces may be restricted by giving two group range elements, therefore indicating that the face must be on the surface of the first and the second group. For instance, if Fred and George are group names assigned to zones, thenrange group Fred group George ;生成的應(yīng)該是一個(gè)

51、共享面will select faces that are connected to both Fred and George. Also note that faces can be selected by group directly.（此外，（此外，face也可以通過(guò)也可以通過(guò)group直接選中）直接選中）The following keywords can be used to affect the behavior產(chǎn)生由產(chǎn)生由range定義的內(nèi)部定義的內(nèi)部 face。面上的節(jié)點(diǎn)復(fù)制，并創(chuàng)建新的表面。面上的節(jié)點(diǎn)復(fù)制，并創(chuàng)建新的表面。整理課件77The following keyword

52、s can be used to affect the behavior.Clearattach By default, an error occurs if any gridpoint that has an attach condition associated with it is found among those to be separated. However, if the clearattach keyword is supplied, then the separation of gridpoints will occur regardless. In addition, F

53、LAC3D will remove any attach conditions connected to gridpoints affected.Group name Newly created faces will be assigned the group name name in the specified slot. The default slot is 1. If add is specified, the name will be added to the first available slot. FLAC3D determines which face will be new

54、 and which one will be old by using the origin keyword.originx y zspecifies a location in space used to determine new versus old face assignments. If the vector from the origin to the face centroid is in the same direction as the outward face normal, it is the old face. If it is in the opposite dire

55、ction, then it is new, and the group name specified is assigned. By default, the origin is (0,0,0).如果從origin指向面中心的向量與面的外法線(xiàn)方向相同，那么就作為old面。整理課件78檢驗(yàn)是否分離開(kāi)了網(wǎng)格并形成了接觸面？整理課件79新版本中的Facegroup法; select as regional joining Base and Topgroup face Interface internal range group Base group Top; Separate Interface

56、faces, calling the newwly created faces NewFacesgen separate face origin (0,0,0) group NewFaces range group Interface; Create interface elements on the top surface of the baseinterface 1 face range group Interface整理課件80整理課件81實(shí)例BinFlowSlip; Assign group names to faces that will become interfacesgroup

57、 face Int1 internal range group Material group Bin .plane orig (0,0,0) normal (1,-1,0) abovegroup face Int2 internal range group Material group Bin .plane orig (0,0,0) normal (1,-1,0) below; Separate those faces, giving newly created surface faces a new group namegen separate face origin (0,0,0) gro

58、up NewFaces range group Int1 or Int2; Created interfaces on Int1 and Int2 facesinterface 1 face range group Int1interface 2 face range group Int2; Subdivide interface elements a little for better contact detectionint 1 maxedge 0.55int 2 maxedge 0.55整理課件821. FLAC3D基本操作方法整理課件831. FLAC3D基本操作方法p軟件界面FLAC

59、3D5.00 軟件界面整理課件841. FLAC3D基本操作方法p軟件界面FLAC3D5.00 軟件界面整理課件851. FLAC3D基本操作方法p命令流操作方法newgen zone brick size 6 6 6在利用FLAC3D軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬時(shí)，主要是通過(guò)命令流來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的。命令流文件一般以txt或dat格式存儲(chǔ)，并在命令輸入窗口、菜單欄或快捷圖標(biāo)通過(guò)call命令進(jìn)行調(diào)用。FLAC3D命令流文件需要遵循一定的格式和語(yǔ)法要求，在滿(mǎn)足這些要求的前提下，命令流文件的編寫(xiě)又是十分自由靈活的，可根據(jù)用戶(hù)個(gè)人的需求自由編寫(xiě)。整理課件861. FLAC3D基本操作方法p數(shù)值計(jì)算一般流程u建立模型通過(guò)外

60、部導(dǎo)入或在FLAC3D中直接建模的方式建立計(jì)算模型。u材料參數(shù)材料本構(gòu)材料力學(xué)參數(shù)u邊界條件及初始條件速度邊界應(yīng)力邊界水頭邊界整理課件871. FLAC3D基本操作方法p建立模型p在FLAC3D中，模型的建立通過(guò)關(guān)鍵詞generate來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)，其基本格式為： gen keywords1 keywords2 keywords3 For example: gen zone brick size 6 6 6 p0 0 0 0 p1 6 0 0 p2 0 6 0 p3 0 0 6 p4 6 6 0 p5 0 6 6 p6 6 0 6 p7 0 0 6 (ratio 1 1 1 ) (dim 2 2 2) (fill)整理課件881. FLAC3D基本操作方法p建立模型FLAC3D建模的基本思路為“堆積木”，即首先建立各種形狀的網(wǎng)格單元，最后將建立的網(wǎng)格單元組合在一起，生成可用于數(shù)值計(jì)算的整體模型