測量學(xué)英文專業(yè)術(shù)語

1、測量學(xué)英文專業(yè)術(shù)語第一章緒論測繪Surveying測定survey測設(shè)layout普通測量學(xué)Generalsurvey大地測量學(xué)geodeticsurvey攝影測量與遙感學(xué)Photogrammetryandremotesensing海洋測繪學(xué)Marinesurveying工程測量學(xué)Engineeringsurveying制圖學(xué)cartography測量基準(zhǔn)面datumplane大地水準(zhǔn)面Geoidalsurface水準(zhǔn)面levelplane參考橢球面referenceellipsoid旋轉(zhuǎn)橢球Rotatingellipsoid大地坐標(biāo)系Geodeticcoordinatesystem空間直角坐

2、標(biāo)系spatialrectangularcoordinates獨立平面直角坐標(biāo)系Independentplanerectangularcoordinatesystem高斯平面直角坐標(biāo)系Gaussplanerectangularcoordinatesystem高斯投影Gaussianprojection高程系統(tǒng)Verticalsystem曲率curvity/Curvature平面控制測量Theplanecontrolsurvey高程控制測量Elevationcontrolsurvey第二章水準(zhǔn)測量水準(zhǔn)測量LevelingSurveying水平視線horizontalsight高程elevatio

3、nheight高差Differenceofheight后視backsight前視foresight水準(zhǔn)尺Levelingrod水準(zhǔn)儀TheLevel(instrument)尺墊turningpointplate微傾式水準(zhǔn)儀slightlyleaninglevel(instrument)望遠鏡telescope水準(zhǔn)氣泡bubble基座base物鏡objectives目鏡eyepieces聚焦透鏡thefocuslens十字絲分劃板thecrosspartitionboard目鏡調(diào)焦螺旋eyepieceopticalscrew物鏡調(diào)焦螺旋objectivesopticalscrew管水準(zhǔn)器tube

4、levelbubble圓水準(zhǔn)器roundlevelbubble三腳架Thetripod視差parallax視準(zhǔn)軸Collimationaxis水準(zhǔn)點Benchmark水準(zhǔn)路線Levelingline閉合水準(zhǔn)路線closedlevelroute附合水準(zhǔn)路線annexedlevelroute支水準(zhǔn)路線spurlevelroute轉(zhuǎn)點(Turningpoint)閉合差misclosures閉合差允許誤差：Misclosureallowableerror檢核check校正Calibration補償器compensator第三章角度測量角度測量Anglessurveying水平角Horizontalan

5、gle(HA)豎直角Theverticalangle(VA)光學(xué)經(jīng)緯儀opticaltheodolite照準(zhǔn)部Collimationdevice望遠鏡Telescope,豎直度盤verticaldish,verticalcircle水準(zhǔn)管Levelbubble讀數(shù)設(shè)備Readingsequipment水平度盤Horizontaldish測微尺Micro-distancemeasuringsensor垂球Plumbbob對中centring整平level光學(xué)對中器opticalcenteringdevice側(cè)回法Observationsetmethod方向觀測法directionobservat

6、ionmethod豎直角指標(biāo)誤差I(lǐng)ndexerrorofverticalangle豎軸TheverticalaxisVV水平軸ThehorizontalaxisHH望遠鏡視準(zhǔn)軸ThetelescopecollimationCC對中誤差Plummeterror目標(biāo)偏心差Targeteccentricerror電子經(jīng)緯儀Electronictheodolite第四章距離測量和直線定向距離測量Distancesurveying直線定向lineorientation鋼尺Steeltape定線Fixingline視距測量Stadiameasurement電磁波測距儀Electromagneticrang

7、efinder微波測距儀Microwaverangefinder光電測距儀Photoelectricrangefinder激光測距儀Laserrangefinder紅外測距儀Infraredrangefinder相位測距儀Phasetyperangefinder脈沖式測距儀Pulsedrangefinder全反射棱鏡Totalreflectingprisms真北方向Truenorthdirection磁北方向Magneticnorthdirection坐標(biāo)北方向Coordinatesnorthdirection方位角Azimuth真方位角Trueazimuth(A)磁方位角Magneticaz

8、imuth(Am)坐標(biāo)方位角Gridazimuth(a)磁偏角Magneticdeclination子午線收斂角meridianconvergencermE羅盤compass第五章全站儀測量全站儀TOTALSTATION水平制動、微動螺旋Horizontalmotionclamp,Horizontaltangentscrew光學(xué)對中器Opticalplummettelescope粗瞄鏡Sightingcollimator物鏡Objectivelens整平腳螺旋Levelingscrew豎直制動、微動螺旋Verticalmotionclamp,Verticaltangentscrew目鏡Tele

9、scopeeyepiece管水準(zhǔn)器Platelevel圓水準(zhǔn)器Circlelevel單棱鏡組Singleprismsystem超站儀(Smartstation)Automatictotalstation,ultrastationinstrument交會測量Resectionmeasurement放樣測量Setting-outsurvey對邊測量MissingLineMeasurement(MLM)懸高測量RemoteElevationMeasurement(REM)第六章測量誤差的基本理論測量平差：SurveyingAdjustment測量誤差：surveyingerrors系統(tǒng)誤差：Syst

10、ematicerror偶然誤差：randomerror；accidentalerror最或是值：Themostprobablevalue多余觀測：Redundantobservation算術(shù)平均值：arithmeticaverage；Arithmeticmeans精度指標(biāo)：Accuracyindex中誤差：Rootmeansquareerror(RMSE)允許誤差：Allowableerror相對誤差：Relativeerror觀測值改正數(shù)：Observationcorrectionvalue誤差傳播定律：Lawoferrorspropagation全微分：Totaldifferential權(quán)

11、：Weight加權(quán)平均值：Theweightedaverage(mean)權(quán)倒數(shù)傳播定律：Weightreciprocalpropagationlaw第七章控制測量控制測量：Controlsurveying碎部測量：detailedsurveying平面控制網(wǎng):Planecontrolnetwork高程控制網(wǎng):Elevationcontrolnetwork小區(qū)域控制網(wǎng)：Smallareacontrolnetwork控制點：controlpoints國家控制網(wǎng)：StateControlnetGPS測量：GPSsurveying導(dǎo)線測量：traversesurveying三角測量：trigonom

12、etricsurvey三邊測量：trilateralsurveying光電測距儀：photoelectricrangefinder閉合導(dǎo)線：Closedtraverse;附和導(dǎo)線：Connectingtraverse;支導(dǎo)線：Opentraverse.野外勘察：Fieldreconnaissance坐標(biāo)方位角：Coordinatesazimuth交會定點：Intersectionfixed-point測邊交會：Side-surveyingintersection第八章大比例尺地形圖測繪大比例尺地形圖測繪：TopographicSurveyingandMappinginLargeScale地形:

13、Terrain地物:Groundfeature地貌:Landscape比例尺:Scale依比例符號：Proportionalsymbols非比例符號：Disproportionalsymbols半比例尺符號（線性符號）:Semi-Disproportionalsymbols（Linearsymbols）地形圖圖式:mapschemata地貌符號:Landscapesymbols等高線:Contourline注記符號:Notesymbols等高距:contourinterval等高線平距:contourhorizontaldistanee山頭:Peak洼地:depressions示坡線:slop

14、eline山脊:Ridge與山谷:valley合水線:Closewaterline分水線:watershedline鞍部（埡口）:Saddle陡坡:Steep懸崖:cliff首曲線（又稱基本等高線）:intermediatecontour計曲線（又稱加粗等高線）:indexcontour間曲線（又稱半距等高線）:half-intervalcontour地形圖分幅與編號:Subdivisionandindex梯形分幅與編號:Trapezoidsubdivisionandindex平板儀及其使用:Planetable視距絲:Stadiasilk豎直角的豎盤:Perpendicularplate地形圖的拼接:splice地形圖的整飾:trim第九章大比例尺地形圖的應(yīng)用圖號、圖名和接圖表：mapnumber,mapname,adjacentmapchart圖廓：M