(完整版)高中英語系動詞和助動詞精講及練習(xí)講解

1、系動詞和助動詞系動詞和助動詞、動詞概述、動詞概述表示動作或狀態(tài)的詞叫做動詞?？梢苑譃橐韵滤念悾侯悇e例句使用特點(diǎn)行為動詞及物動詞Love,make后跟賓語不及物動詞Go,rise后不跟賓語連系動詞Be,look后跟表語助動詞Be,have,do,shall,will,did本身沒有詞義，后跟動詞原形或分詞， 構(gòu)成疑問句或否定句等情態(tài)動詞Can,may,mist本身有詞義， 后跟動詞原形，構(gòu)成謂語二、連系動詞二、連系動詞系動詞亦稱連系動詞(LinkVerb)，作為系動詞，它本身有詞義，但不能單獨(dú)用作謂語，后邊必須跟表語(亦稱補(bǔ)語)，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)說明主語的狀況、性質(zhì)、特征等情況。系動詞后不可接副詞，

2、接的是形容詞。大致分七種1 狀態(tài)系動詞狀態(tài)系動詞用來表示主語狀態(tài)，只有 be 一詞，例如：Heisateacher.他是一名教師。(is 與補(bǔ)足語一起說明主語的身份。)2 持續(xù)系動詞持續(xù)系動詞用來表示主語繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度，主要有keep,rest,remain,stay,lie,stand,例如：Healwayskeptsilentatmeeting.他開會時總保持沉默。Thismatterrestsamystery.此事仍是一個謎。3 表像系動詞表像系動詞用來表示看起來像這一概念，主要有seem,appear,look,例如：Helookstired.他看起來很累。Heseems(t

3、obe)verysad.他看起來很傷心。4 感官系動詞感官系動詞感官系動詞主要有feel,smell,sound,taste，例如：Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.這種布手感很軟。Thisflowersmellsverysweet.這朵花聞起來很香。5 變化系動詞變化系動詞這些系動詞表示主語變成什么樣，變化系動詞主要有become,grow,turn,fall(asleep),get,go,come,run.例如：Hebecamemadafterthat.自那之后，他瘋了。Shegrewrichwithinashorttime.她沒多長時間就富了。6 終止系動詞終止系

4、動詞表示主語已終止動作，主要有 prove,turnout,表達(dá)證實，變成之意，例如：Therumorprovedfalse.這謠言證實有假。Thesearchproveddifficult.搜查證實很難。Hisplanturnedoutasuccess.他的計劃終于成功了.(turnout 表終止性結(jié)果)7 使役動詞：使役動詞：let,have,make使，讓使，讓Let/makesomebodydosthTheteacherlets/makesthemcleantheclassroomafterschool.Makesb/sthadj.Thestorymakesmehappy.Thecol

5、ormakesitlookbeautiful.Havesomebodydosth 讓某人做某事Havesthdone 讓某物被 Mymotherhavesmemakethebed.Ihavemyhaircut/washed.有些動詞它們既可以用作實義動詞，又可以用作連系動詞。有些動詞它們既可以用作實義動詞，又可以用作連系動詞。另外 be 還可用作助動詞。它們的用法不同，詞義和句型結(jié)構(gòu)也有所不同。例如：Lookattheblackboard,please.請看黑板。(look 用作實義動詞)Helooksalittletired.他略顯疲倦。(look 用作連系動詞)Theyareatwork.

6、他們在工作。(are 用作連系動詞)Theyareworking.他們正在工作。(are 用作助動詞，幫助構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時)三、助動詞三、助動詞協(xié)助主要動詞構(gòu)成謂語動詞詞組的詞叫助動詞(AuxiliaryVerb)。被協(xié)助的動詞稱作主要動詞(MainVerb)。構(gòu)成時態(tài),語態(tài)。助動詞是語法功能詞，自身沒有詞義，不可單獨(dú)使用，它沒有對應(yīng)的漢譯，例如：HedoesntlikeEnglish.他不喜歡英語。(doesnt 是助動詞，無詞義；like 是主要動詞，有詞義)1、助動詞助動詞be(am,is,are,was,were,being,been)的用法(1)be 后跟現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時態(tài)。Whoi

7、splayingtheviolin?誰在拉小提琴？Shewasreadingabookthen.那時她正在讀書。(2)be 后跟過去分詞構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)。Hewasaskedtodothework.有人要他干這件工作。Youareinvitedtoattendthemeetintg.有人邀請你參加會議。（3）be 后跟不定式作謂語，有如下幾種情況：1表示計劃、安排將要發(fā)生的事。Whoarewetomeet?我們要見誰呀？ImtohavesupperwithJohnthisafternoon.今天下午我要與約翰一起吃晚飯。2表示指示、命令，否定式表禁止。Youaretoseetheheadmaste

8、rtoday.今天你必須去見校長。Youarenottoentertheroomwithoutpermission.未經(jīng)允許你不能進(jìn)入房間。3表示義務(wù)、責(zé)任等，同 should。Youaretobebackbefore5.你得在 5 點(diǎn)鐘以前回來。Whatistobedone?該干什么。4表示可能性，與情態(tài)動詞 may,can 同義。Suchbooksaretobefoundinanylibrary.這種書任何圖書館都有。Notasoundwastobeheard.一點(diǎn)聲響也沒有。5表示后來發(fā)生的事，可以用來表示命運(yùn)或注定Theysaygood-bye,littleknowingthatthe

9、ywerenevertomeetagain.他們告別了，沒想到再也不能相見了。Hewastoregretthedecision.他有一天會后悔做出這一決定的。6用于習(xí)語WhereamItogo?我該向何處去？WhatamItodo?我該怎么辦？2、助動詞助動詞have（has,had,having）的用法（1）助動詞 have 可以構(gòu)成完成時或完成進(jìn)行時Hehasbeenadoctorfor10years.他當(dāng)醫(yī)生十年了。 ThisistheplaceIhavebeenlongingtovisit.這就是我一直渴望參觀的地方。（2）和不定式構(gòu)成謂語，表示客觀上不得不做的事情。Wevemisse

10、dthetrain.Wellhavetowaitforanotherone.我們己經(jīng)誤了火車，我們只能等下一列。-Dowehavetostartwork?我們得立刻工作嗎？-No.Wedonthaveto.不，不必了。3、do（does,did）的用法的用法（1）構(gòu)成疑問句或否定句Howdidyouknowaboutit?你是怎樣知道這件事的。Hedoesnotsmoke.他不抽煙。（2）加強(qiáng)語氣。Hedidtellthat.他的確告訴了此事。Docomeandseeus.一定來看我們。（3）代替前面剛出現(xiàn)的動詞，避免重復(fù)。-Youlikepopularmusic,dontyou?你喜歡流行音

11、樂，是吧？-Yes,Ido.是的，我喜歡。HespeaksFrenchasfluentlyasshedoes.他講法語和她講的一樣流利。（4）用于倒裝句中。Neverdidhepayattentiontomywords.他從不注意我的話。OnlythendidIunderstandtheimportanceofEnglish.只是那時，我才了解到英語的重要性。（5）構(gòu)成否定的祈使句。Dontbesocareless.不要那么粗心。Donothesitatetocomeforhelp.只管來求助。4. 助動詞助動詞shall和和will的用法的用法shall 和 will 作為助動詞可以與動詞原

12、形一起構(gòu)成一般將來時，例如:IshallstudyharderatEnglish.我將更加努力地學(xué)習(xí)英語。HewillgotoShanghai.他要去上海。說明：說明：在過去的語法中，語法學(xué)家說 shall 用于第一人稱，will 只用于第二、第三人稱?，F(xiàn)在，尤其是在口語中，will 常用于第一人稱，但 shall 只用于第一人稱，如用于第二、第三人稱，就失去助動詞的意義，已變?yōu)榍閼B(tài)動詞，試比較:Heshallcome.他必須來。（shall 有命令的意味。）Hewillcome.他要來。（will 只與動詞原形構(gòu)成一般將來時。）shall 在疑問句中，用于第一，第三人稱,征求對方意愿shal

13、llturnonthelight?要開燈嗎?（我把燈打開好嗎?）shallhecometoseeyou?他要不要來看你（比較:willhecometoseeyou?他會不會來看你）shall 用在陳述句，與第二第三人稱連用，變?yōu)榍閼B(tài)動詞表示允諾，命令,警告,和說話人的決心等5. 助動詞助動詞should,would的用法的用法1）should 無詞義，只是 shall 的過去形式，與動詞原形構(gòu)成過去將來時，只用于第一人稱，例如：Itelephonedhimyesterdaytoaskwhatlshoulddonextweek.我昨天給他打電話，問他我下周干什么。比較：WhatshallIdon

14、extweek?Iasked.我下周干什么？我問道。（可以說，shall 變成直接引語時，變成了 should。）2）would 也無詞義，是 will 的過去形式，與動詞原形構(gòu)成過去將來時，用于第二、第三人稱，例如：Hesaidhewouldcome.他說他要來。比較：Iwillgo,hesaid.他說：我要去那兒。變成間接引語，就成了：Hesaidhewouldcome.原來的 will 變成 would,go 變成了 come.。過去式從原來的 go 變?yōu)?came。系動詞專項訓(xùn)練系動詞專項訓(xùn)練1. WhatisMrWanglike?C.HelookslikeaballoonD.Heli

15、kesEnglish2. WhatMrWhitesaidsounds.A.friendlyB.wonderfullyC.pleasantlyD.nicely3. Thepoorboyblindattheageofthree.A.turnedB.goesC.becameD.went4. Whenhewasachildhe.A.grewpatienceB.wasaliveC.ranwildD.cametrue5. Hisvoiceas訐hehasacold.A.soundsB.listensC.hearsD.seems6. Thisshirtas訐itismadeofcotton.A.isB.lo

16、oksC.feelsD.seems7. HelookshehadnthadagoodmealforamonthA.thatB.as訐C.whenD.sofar8. Itthathewaslateforthetrain.A.looksB.turnsC.getsD.seems9. Theseapplestaste.A.tohegoodB.tobewellC.wellD.good10. Doyouliketheshirt?Yes,itverysoft.A.feelsB.feltC.isfeelingD.isfelt11. ThemomentMrZhangwenttobed,heasleepA.kep

17、tB.gotC.fellD.fall12. WhenIwenthomeyesterday,itwasdark.A.HeisateacherB.Heisoldandkinda.dont/hadb.didnt/havec.didnt/hadd.dont/haveA.goingB.gettingC.runningD.coming13. Theirplantobeaperfectone.A.provedB.wasprovedC.isprovingD.proving14. Theflowersinthegardensweet.A.soundB.tasteC.becomeD.smell15. Shelik

18、ehermotherincharacter.A.looksB.seemsC.isD.feels16. Itanotherfinedaytomorrow.A.seemsB.promisesC.appearsD.looks17. Hemuchyoungerthanhereallyis.A.appearsB.growsC.becomesD.turns18. Youverypale.Doyoufeelsick?A.lookedB.lookC.lookingD.arelooked19. Hiswishtobecomeadriverhastrue.A.turnedB.realizedC.comeD.gro

19、wn20. Herfatherawriter.A.turnedB.grewC.hasturnedD.hasbecome助動詞專項訓(xùn)練助動詞專項訓(xùn)練1.1fitisfinetomorrow,weafootballmatch.a.haveb.willhavec.hasd.shallhas2.Whenhewasatschool,heearlyandtakeawalkbeforebreakfast.a.willriseb.shallrisec.shouldrised.wouldrise3.1nthepast30yearsChinagreatadvancesinthesocialistrevolutio

20、nandsocialistconstruction.a.hasmadeb.havemadec.hadmaded.havingmade4.1_gotobeduntilIfinishedmywork.5. youthinkhebackbydinnertime?a.Do/havecomeb.Did/willhavecomec.Does/willcomed.Do/willhavecome6. Hesaidthathedroppedhisbagwhenheforthebus.a.wasruningb.wasrunningc.wererunningd.isrunning7. Nosoonerhearriv

21、edhomethanhetostartonanotherjourney.a.has/wasaskedb.have/wereaskedc.had/isaskedd.had/wasasked8._ “yougivemearoomforthenight?”Iaskedonarrivingatthehotel.a.Shouldb.Canc.Mightd.May9. Therearenineofthem,sogetintothecaratthesametime.a.theymaynotatallb.alltheymaynotc.theycantalld.alltheycant10. “Wedidntse

22、ehimatthelectureyesterday.”“Heit.”a.mustntattendb.cannothaveattendedc.wouldhavenotattendedd.neednthaveattended11. “Yourealizethatyouweredrivingat100mph,dontyou?”“No,officer.I.Thiscarcantdomorethan80.”a.didntneedtobeb.maynothavebeenc.couldnthavebeend.neednthavebeen12. hewasagoodrunnersoheescapefromth

23、epolice.a.mightb.succeededtoc.wouldd.wasableto13.1fthey,ourplanwillfallflat.a.areco-operatingb.hadnotco-operatedc.wontco-operated.didntco-operate14.I hopedmyletter.a.hertoanswerb.thatshewouldanswerc.thatsheanswersd.heranswering15. Heliveinthecountrythaninthecity.a.prefersb.likestoc.hadbetterd.wouldr

24、ather16. toseeafilmwithustoday?a.Didyoulikeb.Wouldyoulikec.Willyouliked.Haveyouliked17.1msorry,butIhadnoalternative.IsimplywhatIdid.a.mustdob.hadtodoc.oughttohavedoned.havetodo18.“Timeisrunningout,?”a.hadntwebettergotstartb.hadntwebettergetstartb.hadntwebettergetstartedd.hadntwebetternotstarteda.mig

25、hthaveb.couldbec.havebeend.shallbe19. Noonethattohisface.a.daressayb.daressayingc.daresayd.daretosay20. Thestudentsintheclassroomnottomakesomuchnoise.a.needb.oughtc.mustd.dare21. Youlastweek訐youwerereallyseriousaboutyourwork.a.oughttocomeb.oughttobecomingc.oughthavecomed.oughttohavecome22. Theelepha

26、ntsoughthoursagobythekeepers.a.tobefedb.tofeedc.tobeingfedd.tohavebeenfed23. “Iwonderwhytheyrelate.”“Theythetrain.”a.canhavemissedb.couldmissc.mayhavemissedd.mightmiss24. “Tomgraduatedfromcollegeataveryyoungage.”“Hehavebeenanoutstandingstudent.”a.mustb.couldc.shouldd.might25. Youtheexaminationagains

27、inceyouhadalreadypassedit.a.neednthavetakenb.didntneedtotakec.neednttaked.mustnttake26. Heisreallyincompetent!Theletteryesterday.a.shouldbefinishedtypingb.mustbefinishedtypingc.musthavefinishedtypingd shouldhavebeenfinishedtyping27. Theboytoldhisfatherthathewouldratheranastronaut.a.becomeb.tobecomec

28、.becomingd.became28. Whenwereachedthestation,thetrainhadstillnotarrived;sowe.a.needednottohurryb.neednthavehurriedc.neednottohavehurriedd.didntneedtohurry29.Sinceyourroommateisvisitingherfamilythisweekend,youliketohavedinnerwithustonight?a.willb.wontc.wouldntd.do3O.Hewasafraidwhathehaddoneadisastrou

29、seffectonhiscareer.a.haventb.dontc.doesntd.didnt31. Hehardlysayanythingmore,sinceyouknowaboutit.a.dontneedtob.needntc.needsd.need32. Youthelookonhisfacewhenhewontheprize.a.wouldhaveseenb.shouldhaveseenc.mustseed.canbeseeing33.Somepeoplethinkthestockmarketwillcrash,but.a.Iwonder訐ithappensb.Idoubt訐itw

30、illhappenc.Iamafraiditwouldnthappend.Idoubt訐itdoeshappen34. “WhateverhashappenedtoGeorge?”“Idontknow.Helost.”a.canhavegotb.mayhavegotc.mightgetd.couldget35. Hehasnoideawhatthebookisabout.Hereadthebook.a.couldntb.couldnthavec.mightnthaved.shouldnthave36. NewstudiesshowthattwoofSaturnsringslongerthant

31、he4.5billionyearssincethebirthoftheSolarSystem.a.couldhavelastedb.shouldhavelastedc.wouldhavelastedd.mustbelasting37. Takethetelescopewithyouincaseyouitinyourexpedition.a.willneedb.wouldneedc.shouldneedd.couldneed38. Needhecomeatonce?Yes,he.a.mustb.mustnotc.needd.may39. Pleaseanswerthephone.Itbebyyo

32、urfather.Ifitis,wouldyoutellthatIwanttoseehim?a.willb.shouldc.wouldd.could40. Wellnevergiveinwhatevertheysayordo.a.mayb.willc.shalld.should41. Withallthisworkonhand,hetothecinemalastnight.a.mustntgob.wouldntgoc.oughtntgod.shouldnthavegone42. Everyonethecakebecausetherewasntevenasmallpieceleft.a.must

33、likeb.musthavelikedc.musthavebeenlikingd.hadliked43.I wishtorecollectwhereImether,?a.wouldIb.mayIc.maynotId.canI44.1 thinkhewilldaretherisk.a.not/.b.do/notc./notd.dont/.45.1freadingistoaccomplishanythingmorethanpassingtime,itbeactive.a.maynotb.mustc.mightd.isnot46.Youyourseatstodayifyouwanttogotothe

34、game.a.hadbettertoreserveb.hadbetterreservec.hadtobetterreserved.hadtoreservebetter47.1 theoperationunlessitisabsolutelynecessary.a.wouldrathernothaveb.wouldnotratherhadc.ratherwouldnothaved.rathernotwouldhave48. Manyscientiststheirowneyesandearsthanthetheoriesoftheancients.a.wouldrathertobelieveb.w

35、ouldratherbelievec.ratherwouldbelieved.willratherbelieve49. TotravelfromEnglandtoScotlandyouapassport.a.haventgotb.mustnthavec.needntd.dontneed50.0neofthestatementstobeuntrue.a.isturnedoutb.hasturnedoutc.havebeenturnedoutd.haveturnedout51.1 dontknowwhetheritwillrainornot,butifitrain,Ishallstayathome

36、.a.willb.didc.doesd.shall52. “Youdlikesometea,?”a.wouldntyoub.shouldntyouc.hadntyoud.didntyou53. “Maywetakethebooksout?”a.No,youmaynotb.No,youcannotc.No,youcantd.Pleasedont54. “Iwouldhavecomesooner,butIthatyouwerewaiting.”a.didntknowb.hasntknownc.hadntknowd.haventknown55.Ifyoudontwantto,youtogetther

37、ewithus.a.mustntb.cantc.donthaved.havenot56.1 wouldgotovisitthembutIthinktheyareanxioustoseeme.57. Whateveryoucando,.a.haventb.dontc.doesntd.didnta.Icandosoaswellb.Icandothisaswellc.Icandoitaswelld.Icandoaswell58. IrealizedtheconsequencesIwouldneverhavecontemplatedgettinginvolved.a.Hadb.Havec.Having

38、d.Has59. “PerhapssheisworkingforJohn.”“Yes,sheforhim.”a.needhavebeenworkingb.maybeworkingc.oughthavebeenworkingd.oughtbeworking60. “IknowshewasinbecauseIheardherradio,butshedidntopenthedoor.”“Shethebell.”a.maynotbehearingb.maynothaveheardc.mustnothaveheardd.mustnotbehearing61. “Hewassmoking.”“Thenhe

39、.”a.oughttohavebeennotsmokingb.oughttohavenotbeensmokingc.oughtnottohavebeensmokingd.oughttonothavebeensmoking62. Yououtyesterdaywithoutacoat.Nowonderyoucaughtcold.a.oughtnthavegoneb.shouldnthavegonec.mustnthavegoned.canthavegone63. “Paulwasridingabicyclealongthemotorwaywhenhewashitbythetrailerofalo

40、rry.”“Heabicyclealongthemotorway;bicyclesarenotallowed.”a.shouldnthavebeenridingb.couldnthavebeenridingc.oughtnthavebeenridingd.canthavebeenriding64.I amlistening.Butyou.a.needbelisteningb.shouldbelisteningc.needhavebeenlisteningd.oughtbelistening65.Hewithuslastnight.a.wouldhavelikedtogob.shouldlike

41、tobegoingc.shouldbelikedtogod.wouldliketogo66.I_ hisfacewhenheopenedtheletter.a.shouldlikeyoutoseeb.wouldhavelikedyoutobeseenc.shouldlikeyoutohaveseend.wouldlikeyoutosee67. Yousayyoudoit,butIsayyoudoit.a.oughtnot/couldb.willnot/shallc.couldnot/needd.shallnot/ought68. Weputthemeetingoffforaweek.a.can

42、aswellb.willaswellc.shallaswelld.mayaswell69. windyourwatcheveryday?a.Doyouneedb.Mustyouhavetoc.Haveyoutod.Doyouhaveto70. givehimachancetotry?a.Oughtnttoweb.Oughtntwetoc.Oughttowenotd.Oughtntwe71. “Didyoublamehimforhismistakes?”“”a.Idrathernotdob.Idnotratherdoc.Idbetternotdod.Idrathernotdoing72. You

43、hadbetteryourhaircut.a.hadb.havec.togetd.tohave73. Mysisterdidntgotothepartylastnightbecauseshethebabyforherfrienduntil9:30.a.musthavelookedafterb.wouldhavetolookafterc.hadtolookafterd.shouldhavelookedafter74. Maryisverylate,she.a.maymisshertrainb.mayhavemissedhertrainc.mustmisshertraind.couldmisshertrain75. Nomatterwhatyoumaysay,hetohisownviews.a.wouldalwaysstickb.willalwaysstickc.shouldalwaysstickd.mustalwaysstickto76.1tswonderfulthatyouhaveachievedsomuchintheseyears.a.mayb.canc.shouldd