2018屆高考高三英語復(fù)習(xí)備考題型解讀

1、T題型解讀一卜?閱讀理解廠題型解讀“四選一 ”閱讀理解一、考綱要求 KAOGANGYAOQIU閱讀是我國(guó)考生學(xué)習(xí)和使用外語的最主要途徑，因此，“四選一”閱讀理解在試卷中占權(quán) 重較大。該部分要求考生讀懂熟悉的有關(guān)日常生活話題的簡(jiǎn)短文字材料，例如公告、說明、 廣告以及書、報(bào)、雜志中關(guān)于一般性話題的簡(jiǎn)短文章。在閱讀測(cè)試時(shí)，考生應(yīng)能：1 .理解主旨要義»>每篇文章都會(huì)有一個(gè)主旨要義。有時(shí)從文章的第一個(gè)段落，甚至第一個(gè)句子即可得出文 章的主旨要義，讀者由此可以知道文章描述的是誰或什么（即文章的主題），亦會(huì)了解作者希 望讀者了解主題方面的哪些內(nèi)容。有時(shí)，文章的主旨要義則需從文章的字里行間進(jìn)

2、行歸納和 概括。這類試題主要考查考生略讀文章、領(lǐng)會(huì)大意的能力，它對(duì)考生的歸納、概括能力有一 定的要求。2 .理解文中具體信息文章主題和中心思想的闡述往往需要大量細(xì)節(jié)信息的支持，這些細(xì)節(jié)信息對(duì)于理解全文 內(nèi)容至關(guān)重要，同時(shí)也是歸納和概括文章中心思想的基礎(chǔ)。命題人員往往會(huì)要求考生根據(jù)不 同的要求，閱讀文章以獲得某些特定的信息或準(zhǔn)確地尋求所需的細(xì)節(jié)。這類試題有時(shí)比較直 接，理解字面意思即可答題；有時(shí)則較為間接，需要?dú)w納、概括和推理才能答題。3 .根據(jù)上下文推斷單詞和短語的含義正確理解文章中單詞或短語的含義是理解文章的第一步，也是理解文章的基礎(chǔ)，不懂單 詞含義根本就談不上理解文章。但英語單詞的含義并非

3、完全等同于詞典中所標(biāo)注的漢語意思, 其含義隨不同的語境會(huì)有所不同。能根據(jù)上下文正確理解靈活變化的詞義才算是真正初步具 備了一定的閱讀理解能力。因此，閱讀文章時(shí)，考生要在不使用詞典的情況下通過上下文來 推斷生詞含義，這是一個(gè)合格的讀者必須具備的能力，也是閱讀測(cè)試中經(jīng)常檢測(cè)的一種能力。4 .根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容作出判斷和推理閱讀文章的主要目的是獲取信息，即作者所要傳達(dá)的信息。在實(shí)際的閱讀活動(dòng)中，常常 需要根據(jù)文章提供的事實(shí)和線索進(jìn)行邏輯推理或推測(cè)作者未明確提到的事實(shí)或某事件發(fā)展的 趨勢(shì)等。5 .理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)英語文章講究使用主題段和主題句。主題段通常在文章開頭，簡(jiǎn)要概括文章的中心思想; 主題句可能在一

4、段的開頭，也可能在中間或末尾，作用是交代該段的中心思想，然后全段圍 繞該中心展開描述或討論。各個(gè)段落通常由某些起連接作用的詞語連接，以使行文連貫。如 果希望準(zhǔn)確、深刻地理解一篇文章，必須把握住全篇的基本結(jié)構(gòu)，理清上下文的銜接關(guān)系， 即句與句、段與段之間的邏輯關(guān)系。6 .理解作者的意圖、觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度每篇文章都有一個(gè)特定的寫作目的，或是向讀者傳遞某個(gè)信息，或是愉悅讀者，或是講 授某個(gè)道理。而這些信息通常并不是明確表達(dá)出來，而是隱含在文章之中。因此，這類試題 要求考生在理解文章總體內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上，去領(lǐng)會(huì)作者的言外之意。二、命題特點(diǎn) MINGTITEDIANYUEDULIJIEL-c在高考英語試卷中，“四

5、選一”閱讀理解屬于第二部分的第一節(jié)，共15小題，每小題2 分。要求考生根據(jù)所提供的4篇短文內(nèi)容（不少于900詞），從每題所給的4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最 佳選項(xiàng)。主要測(cè)試考生閱讀理解書面英語的能力。題型解讀一：閱讀理解（這是邊文，請(qǐng)據(jù)需要手工刪加）題型解讀與訓(xùn)練TIXINGJIEDUYUXUNLIAN（這是邊文，請(qǐng)據(jù)需要手工刪加）2015-2017全國(guó)卷I閱讀理解（四選一）雙向統(tǒng)計(jì)細(xì)目表年份順序體裁題材題型題量總用詞量（文長(zhǎng)+題長(zhǎng)）2017A應(yīng)用文參觀指南B記敘文野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)C說明文保護(hù)爵士樂D說明文自制便攜式蒸饋器,細(xì)節(jié)題一一8推斷題3主旨題一一1詞義題2意圖、觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度一一1, 1623 =1173

6、 + 4502016,A,說明文，四位美國(guó)的偉大女性B,說明文，美國(guó)老人角色在“反轉(zhuǎn)”C,記敘文,干細(xì)胞運(yùn)輸者的“獨(dú)白”D,說明文,沉默的文化差異,細(xì)節(jié)題一一9推斷題4主旨題一一1詞義題1意圖、觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度0, 1517 =1114+4032015,A,應(yīng)用文,倫敦運(yùn)河博物館講座廣告B,記敘文，親近西紅柿，感受異樣冬天C,說明文，藝術(shù)作品展覽D,說明文,法國(guó)的精神主題咖啡館,細(xì)節(jié)題一一9推斷題5主旨題0詞義題1意圖、觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度0, 1537 =1113+424基于上表，不難看出近幾年全國(guó)卷I的閱讀理解具有以下命題特征：1 .文章體裁多樣，題材豐富，體現(xiàn)了高考的思想性和教育性 語言是知識(shí)與文化的載

7、體，也是思維方式的體現(xiàn)。近幾年高考英語試題的所有語篇和材 料圍繞人與自我、人與社會(huì)、人與自然三大主題，題材涉及故事、科普、人文、社會(huì)現(xiàn)象、 文化活動(dòng)等，體裁包括記敘文、說明文、應(yīng)用文等。試題內(nèi)容豐富、時(shí)代感強(qiáng)，充分體現(xiàn)了 高考的思想性和教育性。2 .深度發(fā)掘文章思想內(nèi)涵，引導(dǎo)考生關(guān)注人類命運(yùn)共同體 20152017三年的全國(guó)卷I閱讀理解分別選取了野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)、干細(xì)胞傳遞的志愿者工 作、親近植物等話題設(shè)置相關(guān)試題，引導(dǎo)考生在理解文章內(nèi)容和作者觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度的基礎(chǔ)上關(guān)注 中國(guó)和世界發(fā)展大勢(shì)，深入思考人與社會(huì)、自然的關(guān)系，體悟和諧發(fā)展之道。3 .介紹報(bào)道科學(xué)知識(shí)，引導(dǎo)考生養(yǎng)成科學(xué)精神和人文情懷 2017全

8、國(guó)卷1閱讀理解選取的科普文章介紹如何自制便攜式太陽能蒸福器在野外獲取 飲用水；2016全國(guó)卷I選取沉默在不同文化里代表的含義：2015全國(guó)卷1選取法國(guó)藝術(shù)中心 舉辦的藝術(shù)品展覽。這些文章和題目不僅能讓考生體會(huì)到科學(xué)的無限趣味和實(shí)際功用，還能 促使考生感受各國(guó)文化藝術(shù)氛圍，有利于引導(dǎo)考生養(yǎng)成科學(xué)精神和人文情懷。4 .考點(diǎn)穩(wěn)定，細(xì)節(jié)理解重點(diǎn)考，散點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)有微調(diào)高考英語閱讀理解著重檢測(cè)考生對(duì)語篇的整體把握能力，根據(jù)所提供的語境進(jìn)行語篇分 析的能力，以及綜合利用有效信息解決實(shí)際問題的能力。在近幾年的高考中，閱讀理解題的 高頻考點(diǎn)為細(xì)節(jié)理解題（8題左右），?？伎键c(diǎn)為推理判斷題（4題左右）和詞義猜測(cè)題（1題

9、左 右），主旨大意題（1題左右）和觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題（1題左右）為散點(diǎn)考查。Hx考點(diǎn)解讀 KAODIANJIEDU考點(diǎn)一細(xì)節(jié)理解題細(xì)節(jié)理解題在高考“四選一”閱讀理解中占了非常大的比重，主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章某一 段落的某些特定細(xì)節(jié)或重要事實(shí)的理解能力。它一般包括可在文中找到明確答案的直接信息 題，以及需要將有關(guān)信息進(jìn)行整合加工的題，如：排序、計(jì)算、比較等。1 .常見設(shè)題方式From this passage/text, we know that.According to the passage/text, who/where/when/how much？Which of the following is

10、mentioned in the passage/text?What is the example ofas described in the passage/text?The reason for is.What do/can we know/learn about*?2 .題目選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)正確選項(xiàng)一般都會(huì)在原文基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行改造。常用方法就是同義詞替換或釋義，即對(duì)文中 語言（詞匯和結(jié)構(gòu)）改頭換面來表達(dá)相同的意思。干擾選項(xiàng)的設(shè)置有如下幾種常用方法：（1）無中生有：憑空捏造原文不存在的細(xì)節(jié)，以迷惑和干擾答題。（2）常識(shí)干擾：干擾項(xiàng)是一些基本常識(shí)和我們對(duì)社會(huì)、生活問題的一般認(rèn)識(shí)，雖然符合客 觀現(xiàn)實(shí)，但并

11、非文章所提及的。（3）偷梁換柱：干擾項(xiàng)是原文信息，但不是題目要求的內(nèi)容；干擾項(xiàng)與原文的內(nèi)容極其相 似，只是在程度上有略微變動(dòng)；干擾項(xiàng)在意思上與原文大相徑庭，甚至完全相反。3 .解題策略、一般來說，細(xì)節(jié)理解題通常具有以下特點(diǎn)：對(duì)應(yīng)性、準(zhǔn)確性、區(qū)分性和完整性。所以在 解答該類題目時(shí)，首先應(yīng)從問題中找到關(guān)鍵詞，然后以此為線索，運(yùn)用略讀和查閱的技巧在 文中迅速尋找與關(guān)鍵詞相關(guān)的細(xì)節(jié)，再仔細(xì)閱讀這部分內(nèi)容，分析比較所給選項(xiàng)與文中細(xì)節(jié) 的異同，將所設(shè)問題的信息與原文中的相關(guān)信息結(jié)合起來并進(jìn)行歸納、概括和推理，最后在 準(zhǔn)確理解細(xì)節(jié)的前提下，選出最佳答案。另外，解題要忠實(shí)于原文及全篇的邏輯關(guān)系，決不 能主觀臆

12、斷。同時(shí)要注意逐項(xiàng)排除選項(xiàng)中的干擾信息，將“無此細(xì)節(jié)”和“與此細(xì)節(jié)相反” 的選項(xiàng)排除。下面針對(duì)?？碱}型，舉例作出具體分析：（1）直接信息題解答細(xì)節(jié)理解的直接信息題時(shí)，由于其普遍較容易，不必通篇細(xì)讀全文，一般是先通過 題干信息來選擇定位關(guān)鍵詞。關(guān)鍵詞主要是題干中的名詞、動(dòng)詞和數(shù)詞，即問題的核心信息。 在題中找出關(guān)鍵詞后，再運(yùn)用略讀及尋讀的技巧快速定位至原文中的相關(guān)信息，得出正確答 案。X）（2017全國(guó)卷I , A篇）Pacific Science Center GuideVisit Pacific Science Center1s StoreDon，t forget to stop by Pa

13、cific Science Center* s Store while you are here to pick up a wonderful science activity or souvenir to remember your visit. The store is located（位于）upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laser Dome.Hungry?Our exhibits will feed your mind, but what about your body? Our cafd offers a complete menu

14、of lunch and snack options, in addition to seasonal specials. The caf 6 is located upstairs in Building 1 and is open daily until one hour before Pacific Science Center closes.Rental InformationLockers are available to store any belongings during your visit. The lockers are located in Building 1 nea

15、r the Information Desk and in BuiIding 3. Pushchairs and wheelchairs are available to rent at the Information Desk and Denny Way entrance. ID required.Support Pacific Science CenterSince 1962, Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passion（熱情）for discovery and lifelong learning in science, math

16、 and technology. Today, Pacific Science Center serves more than 1. 3 million people a year and brings inquiry-based science education to classrooms and community events all over Washington State. It's an amazing accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals,

17、corporations, and other social organizations. Visit pacificsciencecenter. org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center.21. Where can you buy a souvenir at Pacific Science Center?A. In Building 1. B. In Building 3.C. At the Laser Dome. D. At the Denny Way entrance.22. What does Pac

18、ific Science Center do for schools?A. Train science teachers. B. Distribute science books.C. Inspire scientific research. D. Take science to the classroom.21. B.題干中有明顯定位詞，適用于直接定位法。根據(jù)題干中關(guān)鍵詞souvenir 可定位到第一段中的第一句話，第二句為設(shè)題點(diǎn)指出商店的位置在Building 3。22. D.利用題干中schools的下屬范疇詞classrooms定位到最后一段，由Today, Pacific Scien

19、ce Center brings inquiry-based science education to classrooms 可知，太平洋科學(xué)中心把基于探究的科學(xué)教育帶入課堂。（2）間接信息題考查閱讀理解細(xì)節(jié)題的間接信息題時(shí)，正確選項(xiàng)一般都會(huì)在原文基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行改造。常用 方法就是同義詞替換或釋義，即用文中改頭換面的語言（詞匯和結(jié)構(gòu)）來表達(dá)相同的意思。因 此在做此類細(xì)節(jié)理解題時(shí)，首先要根據(jù)所找信息分析選項(xiàng)，對(duì)比其中所用詞匯，懂得變通， 避免誤選答案。（2017 全國(guó)卷 II, B 篇）I first met Paul Newman in 1968, when George Roy Hill, th

20、e director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, introduced us in New York City. When the studio didn't want me for the film - it wanted somebody as well known as Paul 一 he stood up for me. I don't know how many people would have done that; they wou1d have listened to their agents or the st

21、udio powers.24. Why was the studio unwi11ing to give the role to the author at first?A. Paul Newman wanted it. B. The studio powers didn，t like his agent.C. He wasn* t famous enough. D. The director recommended someone else.C.根據(jù)第一段第二句 When the studio didn't want me for the film - it wanted someb

22、ody as wel 1 known as Paul he stood up for me.可矢口， 電影制片廠開 始不想選用作者是因?yàn)樗麤]有Paul出名。注意選項(xiàng)中用famous替代了原文中的well known0 回）妻）（2017 全國(guó)卷HI, B 篇）The film classic The Last Picture Show was the last movie shown in the old theater. Though the movie is 30 years old, most of the 250 seats were filled with teary- eyed a

23、udience wanting to say good-bye to the old buiIding. Theater owner Ed Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate. The movie is set in a small town where the only movie theater is preparing to close down.5. Why was The Last Picture Show put on?A. It was an all-time classic. B. It

24、was about the history of the town.C. The audience requested it. D. The theater owner found it suitable.D.根據(jù)第二段第三句he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate. 可知，影院選擇放映這部電影是因?yàn)橛霸豪习逭J(rèn)為電影合適。命題人在選項(xiàng)中用suitable 來表述文中出現(xiàn)的appropriate,考點(diǎn)二推理判斷題推理判斷題是指在理解原文字面意義的基礎(chǔ)上，分析語篇邏輯關(guān)系以及根據(jù)文中細(xì)節(jié)暗 示等做出推理判斷，從而得出文章的深層意義及隱含意義。

25、推理判斷題屬于主觀性較強(qiáng)的高 層次閱讀理解題。做這類題時(shí)，考生應(yīng)在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上，從文章本身所提供的信息出發(fā), 運(yùn)用邏輯思維，同時(shí)借助一定的常識(shí)進(jìn)行分析、推理、判斷。推理判斷題常從邏輯推理、知 識(shí)推理等角度考查問題，題干中常含有表示“表明、暗示、推論”的詞匯，如infer, imply, suggest, conclude, learn, intend, mean, show等。有時(shí)提問中含有表示推測(cè)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞, 如 can, could, might, would 等和其他表示可能性的詞，如 probably, most likely, seem 等。1 .常見設(shè)題方式What can w

26、e conclude from this text?We can infer from the passage/text that .Where can you read this passage/text?From the passage/text, we can draw the conclusion that .From the last paragraph we can infer that .The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that What would the author probabl

27、y discuss in the paragraph that follows?What* s the author's attitude towards？2 .題目選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)正確選項(xiàng)不是文中直接或明確說明的內(nèi)容，而是間接表達(dá)出來的，除符合文章主旨外， 還符合邏輯，讓考生有推敲的余地。另外，正確選項(xiàng)大多含義深刻，不是常識(shí)選項(xiàng)。干擾選項(xiàng)要么夸大事實(shí)，在一定程度上夸大了原文中的細(xì)節(jié)或論斷的某方面；要么無中 生有，捏造原文并不存在的信息；要么摻入常識(shí)，但不是基于文章的推斷；要么推理過頭， 引申過度，使結(jié)論過于絕對(duì)化。3 .解題技巧»>做推理判斷題時(shí)一定要從整體上把握語篇內(nèi)容，在

28、語篇的表面意義與隱含意義、已知信 息與未知信息之間架起橋梁，透過字里行間，去體會(huì)作者的“弦外之音”和“言外之意”。 由表入里，由淺入深，從具體到抽象，從特殊到一般，切勿斷章取義，以偏概全。立足原文， 只推一步，切勿主觀臆斷。特別注意那些描寫環(huán)境氣氛的語言，以及表達(dá)感情色彩和態(tài)度觀 點(diǎn)的詞語。正確選項(xiàng)一般需要經(jīng)過推理得出，而不是文中直接出現(xiàn)的原話。正確選項(xiàng)中一般 不出現(xiàn)絕對(duì)概念，如。nly, never, al 1, absolutely等，而選用留有余地的詞匯，如often, usually, sometimes, some, may, might, can, could, possibly,

29、 probably 等。下面分別列舉相應(yīng)題例來分析此類?？碱}型：(1)推斷隱含意義推斷隱含意義的這類題干中通常含有infer, suggest, imply, conclude等標(biāo)志性詞語， 正確選項(xiàng)的意思必須忠實(shí)于原文，但不能照搬原文，否則就變成了直接事實(shí)，而不是通過推 理判斷得出的結(jié)論。此外，也不能按照自己的常識(shí)主觀臆斷。(2017 全國(guó)卷 I , C 篇)Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost. "The

30、music can，t be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958. It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same,n says Moran.30. What can we infer about Moran* s opinion on jazz?A. It will disappear gradually. B. It remains black and white.C. It should keep up with the tim

31、es. D. It changes every 50 years.C.根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段中Moran的話，尤其是句中的關(guān)鍵信息點(diǎn)It has tocontinue to move可知，他認(rèn)為世界的運(yùn)作方式跟以前不一樣了，爵士樂也應(yīng)該繼續(xù)發(fā)展。（2）推斷觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題是指作者對(duì)陳述的觀點(diǎn)是贊同、反對(duì)還是猶豫不定，對(duì)記敘或描寫的人、物 或事件是贊同、同情還是厭惡、憎恨。作者的這種思想傾向和感情色彩往往隱含在文章的字 里行間，或流露于修飾的詞語之中。推斷觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度的這類題干中通常含有think, sound, attitude, opinion, view等標(biāo)志 性詞語。備選選項(xiàng)中也通常包含一些評(píng)

32、價(jià)性的詞語，如positive（積極的，肯定的）， negative（消極的，否定的），approval （贊成的），disapproval （不贊成的），objective（客觀 的），subjective（主觀的），optimistic（樂觀的），pessimistic（悲觀的），indifferent（漠 不關(guān)心的），critical （批評(píng)的），doubtful （懷疑的），neutral （中立的）。解題時(shí)要注意文中 形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞以及所舉事例的感情色彩，要依據(jù)這些來推斷作者的言外之意。（2017 全國(guó)卷HI, C 篇）The government spent nearly 30

33、 years coming up witha plan to reintroduce the wolves. The U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone. Today, the debate continues over how wel 1 the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone. Elk, deer, and coyote populations are down, while beavers an

34、d red foxes have made a comeback. The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well.11. What is the author* s attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project?A. Doubtful. B. Positive. C. Disapprovin

35、g. D. Uncaring.B. 一般來說，作者的思想傾向和感情色彩往往隱含在文章的字里行間。文中最后一段講述了灰狼回歸后，鹿群和叢林狼的數(shù)量減少了，而河貍和紅狐貍又回來了，再由a valuable experiment to help可推斷出作者對(duì)于黃石狼項(xiàng)目持肯定態(tài)度。（3）推斷寫作目的推斷寫作目的的這類試題題干中通常含有purpose, intend, mean, want to, in order to等標(biāo)志性詞語。它考查的可能是整篇文章的寫作目的，也可能是某處細(xì)節(jié)的寫作意圖。作 者一般不直接陳述自己的意圖，而是通過文章所提供的事實(shí)和形象，客觀地使讀者信服某種 想法或意見。這種題型不

36、但要求考生理解文章的內(nèi)容，還要理解作者闡述問題的寫作手法。不同體裁的文章寫作目的不同。故事類記敘文的目的通常是娛樂讀者（t。entertain）； 廣告類應(yīng)用文的目的一般是推銷產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)（to advertise）；議論文的目的是說理或勸服（to argue/persuade）；科普、文化類說明文的目的大多是介紹知識(shí)（to inform）。（2017全國(guó)卷I , A篇）23. What is the purpose of the last part of the text?A. To encourage donations. B. To advertise coming events.C. T

37、o introduce special exhibits. D. To tel 1 about the Center* s history.A.根據(jù)文章第四部分最后句to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center可知，該部分是鼓勵(lì)人們以各種方式支持太平洋科學(xué)中心，也就是 鼓勵(lì)人們捐助。Z)(2017 全國(guó)卷 II, B 篇)27. What is the author's purpose in writing the text?A. To show his love of films. B. To remember

38、 a friend.C. To introduce a new movie. D. To share his acting experience.B.文章是按照時(shí)間順序?qū)懙模瑥呐c保羅的最初相見到友誼慢慢加深，以及幾個(gè) 月前去看生病的保羅，由此可知作者寫此文的目的是緬懷一位朋友。（4）推斷下段內(nèi)容涉及這類試題的相關(guān)內(nèi)容在文中并沒有作出明確說明，所以考生需要根據(jù)語篇預(yù)測(cè)事件 可能的結(jié)局或下段可能涉及的內(nèi)容等。做這類題時(shí)應(yīng)把握作者的寫作思路（如文章可能按事件 發(fā)展的經(jīng)過描寫，也可能按因果關(guān)系、對(duì)比關(guān)系來敘述），從而做出合情合理的預(yù)測(cè)。啕（2015 湖北卷，E 篇）On the whole, Broo

39、ks* s story is acceptable if uninspired. As one would expect, his writing is mostly clear and, to be fair, some chapters stand out above the rest. I enjoyed, for instance, the chapter in which Harold discovers how to think on his own. While Harold and Erica are certainly not strong or memorable char

40、acters, the more serious problems with The Social Animal lie elsewhere. These problems partly involve Brooks' s attempt to translate his tale into science.70. What is the author likely to write about after the last paragraph?A. Problems with the book. B. Brooks，s life experiences.C. Death of the

41、 characters. D. Brooks* s translation skills.A.根據(jù)該段倒數(shù)第二句中的the more serious problems和最后一句中的These problems可知，作者對(duì)存在的問題提出了自己的疑問，由此推斷文章的下一段應(yīng)該圍繞 problems 展開。(5)推斷文章出處推斷文章出處的題目應(yīng)從文章的體裁和內(nèi)容著手。一般來說，報(bào)紙上的新聞前面會(huì)出現(xiàn) 日期、地點(diǎn)或通訊社名稱等；廣告類文章因其格式特殊，容易辨認(rèn)；產(chǎn)品說明類文章如器皿、 設(shè)備的使用說明會(huì)有產(chǎn)品名稱或操作方式，而藥品的服用說明會(huì)告知服用時(shí)間、次數(shù)、藥量 等；來自網(wǎng)絡(luò)的文章一般比較新穎，時(shí)效

42、性強(qiáng)，含有網(wǎng)站名稱或網(wǎng)址。（2015 廣東卷,B 篇）When 1 grew up and entered the business world, Iremember hearing my first boss say, “We all need to think like salespeople. " But it didn't completely make sense. My dad never once said, “If you want to catch a fish you need to think like a fisherman. " What

43、he said was, “You need to think like a fish. " Years later, with great efforts to promote long-term services to people much older and richer than me, I gradually learned what we al 1 need is to think more like customers. It is not an easy job. I will show you how in the following chapters.35. T

44、his passage most likely comes from .A. a fishing guide B. a popular sales bookC. a novel on childhood D. a millionaire's biography0$金 B.根據(jù)文章最后一段最后一句 I will show you how in the following chapters.并結(jié)合最后一段第一句中的關(guān)鍵詞business world可推斷出，本篇文章節(jié)選自一本暢銷的有 關(guān)銷售的書籍?？键c(diǎn)三詞義猜測(cè)題詞義猜測(cè)題是高考“四選一”閱讀理解題中的一種常見題型，主要考查學(xué)生根據(jù)構(gòu)詞、

45、 定義、對(duì)比、因果、聯(lián)想等方法，結(jié)合上下文語境理解或推測(cè)詞義的能力。詞義猜測(cè)可以是 對(duì)一個(gè)單詞的意義推斷，也可以是對(duì)一個(gè)短語或句子的意義推斷；既可以是生詞生義，也可 以是熟詞新義，還可以是對(duì)替代詞所替代內(nèi)容的判斷。在高考試卷中，詞義猜測(cè)題考查相對(duì) 比較穩(wěn)定，一般有1-2題，但難度略有增加，需要在復(fù)雜的句式中通過上下文綜合分析才能 得出答案。1 .常見設(shè)題方式What does the underlined word "that" in paragraph"' refer to?What does the underlined phrasein paragr

46、aphmean?The underlined part/sentence in paragraph"" means/refers to .Which of the following can replace the underlined wordin paragraph-"?Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined part in paragraph""?2 .題目選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)正確選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)：對(duì)于超綱詞匯的正確解釋，如果將它帶回原文，則符合邏輯，使文章 通順易懂；對(duì)

47、于未超綱的詞或短語的正確解釋，往往是熟詞新義，是根據(jù)上下文推測(cè)的在一 個(gè)特定場(chǎng)合的含義。干擾選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)：對(duì)于熟悉的詞，干擾項(xiàng)會(huì)列出它的字面意思或常規(guī)含義。除了字面意 思，命題人還常用憑空杜撰出來的其他意思來干擾考生。3 .解題策略在詞義猜測(cè)題中，所考查的詞或短語的意義往往不停留在字面上，要根據(jù)短文提供的語 境，通過閱讀上下文，根據(jù)已知的信息或常識(shí)來推測(cè)尚不熟悉的詞或短語的含義。首先，可以通過上下文情景和關(guān)鍵詞語來進(jìn)行猜測(cè)。文中所使用的解釋、闡述或突出主 題的關(guān)鍵詞語對(duì)推測(cè)詞義有很大幫助，特別注意并列連詞and, or, but等，這些詞有助于確 定某個(gè)生詞的語義范圍或大體意義.其次，利用下定義

48、、同位語、定語從句、舉例等方式進(jìn)行猜測(cè)。如果找到并利用好這些 “線索”，我們就能快而準(zhǔn)地猜測(cè)出詞語的意思。另外，通過同（近）義或反義關(guān)系等進(jìn)行猜測(cè)。有時(shí)，為使表達(dá)靈活多樣，富于變化，作 者會(huì)變換使用不同的詞語來表達(dá)同一概念，如使用同義詞、近義詞或反義詞等。做詞義猜測(cè) 題時(shí)，如果能抓住這些同（近）義詞，我們就可順藤摸瓜，直接選擇答案。最后，我們還可通過上下文之間的對(duì)比、轉(zhuǎn)折、因果、讓步等邏輯關(guān)系猜測(cè)生詞的詞義。 譬如我們抓住文章中的 but, on the contrary, while, because, therefore, if, thus, although等連詞或過渡詞，就可在弄清楚句

49、意的基礎(chǔ)上猜出生詞的意思。下面針對(duì)?？碱}型，列舉相應(yīng)題例作出分析：(1)猜測(cè)代詞指代的內(nèi)容代詞指代題要求考生依據(jù)語境的邏輯關(guān)系，判斷畫線的人稱代詞或指示代詞在文章中指 代的對(duì)象，包括考查it, they/them, he/she等人稱代詞的指代意義，以及指示代詞this, that, these, those等在文章中的指代意義。這些代詞都可以指代上下文中提到的人、物 或事。有時(shí)它們所指代的對(duì)象就在它們附近，有時(shí)相隔較遠(yuǎn)。因此在閱讀中要認(rèn)真查找和分 析，尤其是指代“事”時(shí)需要對(duì)前面所講內(nèi)容進(jìn)行總結(jié)概括，才能得出它們所指代的內(nèi)容。(2017 全國(guó)卷 II. B 篇)We shared the b

50、elief that if you' re fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back - he with his Newman's Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival. Paul and I didn't see each other all that regularl

51、y, but sharing that brought us together. We supported each other financially and by showing up at events.26. What does the underlined word "that'' in paragraph 3 refer to?A. Their belief. B. Their care for children.C. Their success. D. Their support for each other.A.根據(jù)第三段第一句We shared th

52、e belief that以及后面對(duì)belief的具體解釋可知，盡管我和Paul不是經(jīng)常見面，但分享著同一信念讓我們?cè)谝黄稹９蕋hat是指共 同擁有的這種“信念”，that指代的是belief。(2)猜測(cè)單詞或短語意思考生在猜測(cè)生僻單詞或短語意思時(shí)，要注意句中是否有定義、同位語或定語從句等結(jié)構(gòu), 因?yàn)楹竺娴膬?nèi)容或具體例子往往是用于解釋說明前面的生詞或短語。有時(shí)，還要注意表示因 果、轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系的標(biāo)志性連接詞，如sothat, but, however, rather than, instead of, though等，因?yàn)橥梢愿鶕?jù)這些關(guān)系正推或反推出生詞詞義。(2017 全國(guó)卷HI, C

53、 篇)Gray wolves once were seen here and there in theYellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development. By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada,

54、where there were fewer humans around.9. What does the underlined word “displaced“ in paragraph 2 mean?A. Tested. B. Separated. C. Forced out. D. Tracked down.C.根據(jù)本段第一句可知，灰狼曾經(jīng)在黃石地區(qū)隨處可見，再結(jié)合下一句wolves had practically disappeared可知,灰狼逐漸消失了,所以與displaced意思最接近的是C 項(xiàng)“封殺出局；消滅掉”。也 （2017 全國(guó)卷 I , D 篇）To construct

55、 a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher's productivity. Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole. Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests al 1 the way in the c

56、up and the rest of the line runs up - and out - the side of the hole.33. What does the underlined phrase "the water catcherin paragraph 2 refer to?A. The tube. B. The still. C. The hole. D. The cup.B.根據(jù)第二段中的描述可知，制作一個(gè)蒸儲(chǔ)器裝置，需要挖一個(gè)四英尺寬、三 英尺深的洞，要盡量在潮濕的地方挖洞以提高the water catcher的生產(chǎn)力。結(jié)合全文可知1, 提高的應(yīng)該是整個(gè)蒸儲(chǔ)

57、器裝置的生產(chǎn)力，所以畫線短語指代的是該段首句中的a working st illo（2017 天津卷，C 篇）The proposal attempts to deal with what some call the udeath valleyw of autonomous vehicles: the grey area between semi -autonomous and fully driverless cars that could delay the driverless future.Dobrindt wants three things: that a car always c

58、hooses property （財(cái)產(chǎn)）damage over personal injury; that it never distinguishes between humans based on age or race; and that if a human removes his or her hands from the driving wheel - to check email, say - the car s maker is responsible if there is a crash.46. What does the phrase udeath valleyin Paragraph 2 refer to?A. A place where cars often break down. B. A case where passing a law is impossible.C. An area where no driving is permitted. D. A situation where drivers， role is not clear.D.根據(jù)第一段