考點(diǎn)詳解版--高中英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)講解及練習(xí)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上 表格式一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)特點(diǎn)要點(diǎn)內(nèi)容概念一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)是表示現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作存在的狀態(tài)或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作的時(shí)態(tài)標(biāo)志語(yǔ)often，sometimes，always，usually等頻率詞連用， every day, every week, every month, every term, every year, once a week，twice a year，on Sundays,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)構(gòu)成1 be動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) ：am is are（是）2 當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是行為動(dòng)詞的時(shí)候：（1）當(dāng)主語(yǔ)不是第三人稱單數(shù)的時(shí)候，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用行為動(dòng)詞的原形（2）主語(yǔ)是h

2、e,she,it等第三人稱單數(shù)（除去I,you以外的任何一個(gè)單數(shù)的名詞或者代詞），動(dòng)詞要變形加s或es（溫馨提示：動(dòng)詞變形要符合兩個(gè)條件：1，主語(yǔ)是三單，2，句子是肯定句）謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成形式am is are + 過(guò)去分詞溫馨提示（重要考點(diǎn)）1 表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動(dòng)詞go， come，start，move，sail，leave，arrive，stay，live, fly, get等可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示按計(jì)劃“即將”發(fā)生的動(dòng)作， 2 在時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，都可用現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)時(shí)（即主將從現(xiàn)原則,一定要有兩個(gè)句子）【常見主將從現(xiàn)的標(biāo)志語(yǔ)有if, as soon as(一就) unless(如果不wh

3、en, before, until(直到才)等從句標(biāo)志語(yǔ)】1 .He (play) football very well. 2. Jenny (has) a good friend? 3. Brian （not live) in China. 4. Li Ming with me (be) in Beijing. 5. If it （not rain）tomorrow, we will go to the park.6. Our teacher said that the earth (go)around the sun yesterday.7.He （help） the old man ev

4、ery week . 8.The old man （help） by him every week.9.The building (visit) by many people every year. 一 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) （一）定義：主要用來(lái)表示人、事物的現(xiàn)在狀況和特點(diǎn)；表示經(jīng)?；蛄?xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)； 表示客觀規(guī)律和永恒真理等He usually goes to work at 7 oclock every morning. The earth goes around the sun.Guangzhou is situ

5、ated in the south of China.（二）標(biāo)志詞： always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever，every week (day, year, month), once /twice a week, on Sundays, （三）謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成：1 be動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) ：am is are（是， “在”）2 當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是行為動(dòng)詞的時(shí)候：（1）當(dāng)主語(yǔ)不是第三人稱單數(shù)的時(shí)候，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用行為動(dòng)詞的原形（2）主語(yǔ)是he,she,it等第三人稱單數(shù)（除去I,you以外的任何一個(gè)單數(shù)的名詞或者代詞），動(dòng)詞要變形加s或es（溫馨提示：動(dòng)詞變

6、形要符合兩個(gè)條件：1，主語(yǔ)是三單，2，句子是肯定句）（四）.基本結(jié)構(gòu)： 1，肯定句：主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)（+其他的） He loves sports. Jane is an outgoing girl. （主語(yǔ)He是三單，又是肯定句，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生變形，加上了s） Tom and Tim both have medium height. He has a big mouth. We like the dog very much.2，否定句： 主語(yǔ)+dont或者doesnt+動(dòng)詞原形+其他 (在be或者后面加上do does) Candy doesnt do her housework every da

7、y. We dont dance . He isnt a worker.3，一般疑問句： Do (Does)+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他？（把be或者do does 提到主語(yǔ)的前面） Does she like English? Yes,she does. No,she doesnt. Do you swim in summer? Are you a teacher?4，特殊疑問句：疑問詞+一般疑問句 Where does Tom come from?（五) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)用法（1）經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，常與這樣的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用： eg: We always help each other. It of

8、ten snows in winter. I get up early every morning. （2）表示主語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在的特征、性格、能力等。 eg: He loves sports. Jane is an outgoing girl. Tom and Tim both have medium height. （3）表示客觀、普遍真理 eg: Two and four makes six. Water boils at 100 The moon moves round the earth。The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the

9、east of China.（4）表示格言或警句中。 Pride goes before a fall.驕者必?cái)　＃┮话悻F(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的考點(diǎn)：考點(diǎn)一：表示永恒真理（結(jié)合賓語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)） 即使出現(xiàn)在過(guò)去的語(yǔ)境中，仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 Our teacher said that the earth goes (go)around the sun yesterday. I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school.考點(diǎn)二：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)表將來(lái)的情況1. ：在時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)；常用的引導(dǎo)詞后

10、面用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)表將來(lái)。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的標(biāo)志語(yǔ)：when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/the minute, the day; 條件狀語(yǔ)從句的標(biāo)志語(yǔ)：if, unless, provided.I will give it to him as soon as I see him tomorrow. 明天我一看見他就交給他。He will come if you invite him. 如果你請(qǐng)他,他會(huì)來(lái)的。Suppose he doesnt agree，what shall we do?假如他不同意，那怎么辦?I shall

11、do as I please. 我高興怎么做就怎么做。He will continue the work no matter what happens. if he accepts the job, he will get more money soon.2：在make sure (certain), see to it, mind, care, matter 賓語(yǔ)從句， 從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。So long as he works hard, I dont mind when he finishes the experiment.只要他努力工作， 我不介意他什么時(shí)候做完試驗(yàn)。See

12、 to it that you are not late again. 注意別再遲到了。3：在the more the more (越越) 句型中, 若主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí), 從句通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí), 因?yàn)榍罢呦喈?dāng)于條件狀語(yǔ)從句The harder you study, the better results you will get.4. 表示按計(jì)劃或時(shí)間表將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，通常有表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。如：The plane takes off at 11:30 and arrives in Shanghai at l:20. 飛機(jī)十一點(diǎn)半起飛，一點(diǎn)二十分抵達(dá)上海。The meeting begins

13、at 8:00 .注意：只限于少數(shù)動(dòng)詞能這樣用，如 begin, start, , end, finish, stop, go, come, leave, sail, arrive, return, close, open （一般都是瞬間動(dòng)詞這樣用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作）等。 考點(diǎn)三：以here, there等開始的倒裝句，動(dòng)詞多為go，come等，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。如：Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 車來(lái)了。There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. （2006 四川）Look at

14、 the timetable .Hurry up! Flight 4026 off at 18:20. A takes B took C will be taken D has taken (2010 四川)19If you have a job，_yourself to it and finally youll succeed Ado devote Bdont devote Cdevoting Dnot devoting一 專項(xiàng)練習(xí)：1 Jenny _ in an office. Her parents _in a hospital.A work , works B works, work

15、C work, are working D is working, work2 One of the boys_ a black hat.A have B there is C there are D has3 We will go shopping if it_ tomorrow.A dont rain B didnt rain C doesnt rain D isnt rain 4 He said the sun _in the east and _in the west.A rose; set B rises; sets C rises, set D rise; sets5 Wang M

16、ei _ music and often _ to music.A like; listen B likes; listens C like; are listening D liking ; listen6 Jenny_ English every evening.A has study B studies C study D studied二 用適當(dāng)?shù)膭?dòng)詞填空。1.If it （not rain）tomorrow, we will go to the park.2.Our teacher said that the earth (go)around the sun yesterday.3.

17、He (play) football very well. We (play) football very well. 4. Jenny (has) a good friend? 5. Brian （not live) in China. 6. Li Ming with me (be) in Beijing. 7.He （help） the old man every week . 8.The old man （help） by him every week.11.The building (visit) by many people every year.20. _you study Eng

18、lish at school ? Yes , I_. ( do )21. _your sister study English at school ? No , she_ . ( do )22. Im _ better . ( feel ) 23. Why_Tom absent today ? ( be )23I _(write) to you as soon as I _(get) to London. 24. He doesnt feel well and _(not eat) any food this morning. 25. He _ _( not see) me come in,

19、for he _(read) something with great interest. 26. I _(let) you ( have) the book as soon as I _(finish) it. 27. While we _(wait) for our teacher, a little boy _(run) up to us. 28. Dont make a niose. Grandpa _(sleep). 29.Its seven now, Toms family_(watch) TV. 30. It _(take) me two hours to finish my h

20、omework last night. 31. What _ your mother _(do) at eight yesterday evening?- She _(wash) clothes. 32. _ it _ (rain) when school was over yesterday? 33. What _you (do) _ tomorrow? - We _ (play) football. 34. There _ (be) a football match on TV this evening. 35. They said they _ (visit) the Great Wal

21、l the next summer holiday. 36. Who _ (dance) the best in your class? 37. Will you come if he _ (not come)? 38. The teacher told us the earth _ (move) round the sun. 39 She _ (buy) a sweater yesterday.40. They _ (have) a party in the garden if it _ (not rain) tomorrow. 41. I dont know if Mr.Wang _ (f

22、ly) to Shanghai tomorrow. If he _ (fly)there, I _ (ask) him _ (take) some books to my daughter, because she _ (study) there. 42 If I （be）you, I wouldnt go with him. If you (help) us last night ,we (finish) the work. 二 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)（一）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)定義和標(biāo)志語(yǔ)：1. 表說(shuō)話時(shí)或目前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的活動(dòng)：標(biāo)志語(yǔ)：now, at this time, these days, look

23、, listen，（做提示語(yǔ)的時(shí)候）Its oclock, The house is being built these days.2. 或表感情色彩，加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。標(biāo)志語(yǔ)：頻率副詞always，constantly，continually，again等連用表示說(shuō)話人的某種感情色彩（贊嘆、厭煩、埋怨等）。 We are having English class. The little boy is always making trouble. （二）謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)構(gòu)成： am/is/are+doing （三）謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞被態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成： am/is/are+being +done 助動(dòng)詞（am, is,

24、are）只隨主語(yǔ)變化。如下表：I he,she,it you, we, they (包括單數(shù)名詞) (包括復(fù)數(shù)名詞) am is are（四） 句型變化：1 肯定句：主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞（am,is, are）+現(xiàn)在分詞(v.-ing)+其它。They are working in a factory these days. 2 否定句：主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞（am,is, are）not+現(xiàn)在分詞(v.-ing)+其它。They arent working in a factory these days.3 一般疑問句:一般疑問句把be提到主語(yǔ)前面。Are they working in a factory

25、these days.4 特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句？What are they doing now?(五)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本用法： 1. 表示現(xiàn)在（指說(shuō)話人說(shuō)話時(shí)）正在發(fā)生的事情或者當(dāng)前在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如：We are waiting for you. 我們正在等你。They are working in a factory these days. More and more people are giving up smoking. 2. 習(xí)慣進(jìn)行：表示長(zhǎng)期的或重復(fù)性的動(dòng)作，說(shuō)話時(shí)動(dòng)作未必正在進(jìn)行。例如： Mr. Green is writing another novel. 他在

26、寫另一部小說(shuō)。（說(shuō)話時(shí)并未在寫，只處于寫作的狀態(tài)。） 3. 表示漸變，這樣的動(dòng)詞有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。 The leaves are turning red. Its getting warmer and warmer. 4. 與always, constantly, forever 等詞連用，表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài)，往 往帶有說(shuō)話人的主觀色彩。 You are always changing your mind. 你老是改變主意。 When are you leaving? Are you going to Tibe

27、t tomorrow? Im leaving for a trek in Nepal next week.（已經(jīng)安排了） were flying to Paris tomorrow.(票已經(jīng)拿到了）(6) 、不用進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞 （狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，多用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)或者 其他時(shí)態(tài)） (1)表示知道或者了解以及決定的詞: accept,finish,give,decide ,believe, ,know,understand, want ,wish, think ,see, I accept your advice. 我接受你的勸告。 (2).表示“看起來(lái)”“看上去 look, seem Yo

28、u seem a little tired. 你看上去有點(diǎn)累。 (3)表示喜愛或不喜愛hate,like.love He likes apples. (4)表示構(gòu)成或來(lái)源的動(dòng)詞 be from,come from. (5)表示感官的動(dòng)詞，系動(dòng)詞， sound ,smell, taste feel, The music sounds interesting.(6)表示擁有包括的動(dòng)詞need.own . belong to ,cost, have等。 I have two brothers. This house belongs to my sister.考點(diǎn)一：在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或條件狀語(yǔ)從句中表示將來(lái)

29、正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。Look out when you are crossing the street. Dont wake him up if he is still sleeping at 7 tomorrow morning.考點(diǎn)二： 表示在最近按計(jì)劃或安排要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作（這時(shí)多有表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）。多是表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動(dòng)詞go， come，start，move，sail，leave，arrive，stay，live, fly, get等可用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示已經(jīng)確定或安排好的將來(lái)活動(dòng)Marry is leaving on Friday.專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練： 1.What_you_(do)? I_(sing

30、) an English song.2.What_he_(mend)? He_(mend) a car.3._you_(fly) a kite? Yes,_.4._she_(sit) in the boat? 5._you_(ask) questions?6.We_(play) games now.7 Wheres our teacher? -He _(watch) a football match on the playground now.8. Dont make any noise. Jim _(sleep)9.They _(be)in the room now.10.How cold

31、it is! Its _(snow)heavily.11.Listen! Peter and Becky _(talk)about the weather.12.Be quiet! My teacher is _(say)something.13.Its 8 oclock. They _(have) an English class.14. Hurry up! Your mother _(wait) for you downstairs.15.Where are the twins? -Theyre _(play)football at school.16.Mr. Jones cant com

32、e. He _(have)a meeting.17. Look! Sally and Jim _(swim)in the river.18.Look! They _ (run) along the street.19. We _ (practise) hard these daysbecause we will have a big match next month.20._ you _ (study) English? -Yes, I am八改錯(cuò)：每處劃線中有錯(cuò)誤，在題后改正1. Is he reading newspapers every day?2. Are they planting

33、trees over there? -No, they dont.3. John from Class 2 is runing past Helen.4. Look! The students flying a kite.5. They are watch TV in the room now.6. Now Jean and Harry are singing and dance.7. Jim are now cleaning the classroom at school. 8. Lucy is now do her homework at school.9. Listen! Jim and

34、 Tom dont now singing.10. Are they playing football? -Yes, they do.專心-專注-專業(yè) 三、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)特點(diǎn)要點(diǎn)內(nèi)容現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)概念過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過(guò)去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)標(biāo)志語(yǔ)already, yet, just, before，so far,for+一段時(shí)間,since+過(guò)去時(shí)間（two years ago）或者一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的從句recently, in the past few yearsstill, lately, often, sometimes, e

35、ver, never, twice, on several occasion ， now,up to these few days/weeks/months/years, this morning/week/month/year，today, up to present, （這些標(biāo)識(shí)語(yǔ)全可以用于完成時(shí)態(tài)，單用的時(shí)候用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)構(gòu)成have/has (主語(yǔ)是三單)+ done現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成have/has +been + done溫馨提示（重要考點(diǎn)）1. 標(biāo)志語(yǔ)和時(shí)態(tài)。2. 和一般過(guò)去時(shí)，過(guò)去完成時(shí)的區(qū)別。3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不可用于終止性動(dòng)詞，即瞬間完成或延續(xù)時(shí)間很短的動(dòng)詞

36、。如：come，go，arrive，leave，join，become，die等。4.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 5.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常見兩種句型： 主語(yǔ)have / has beenfor短語(yǔ) It is一段時(shí)間 since從句 （一般過(guò)去時(shí)）6. 直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果主句是過(guò)去時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)要變成過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)。一 基本考點(diǎn)練習(xí)1.We are surprised at what she already (do).We were surprised at what she already (do)2.She already (do) her homework. She said She alr

37、eady (do) her homework.3.She (not go) to Qingdao because she _ (be) there before.she _ (be) there before.4. He (not tell) you the news yet. He said he (not tell) you the news yet. 5. He said he already (give) the book to the teacher.He already (give) the book to the teacher.6. I _(teach) English for

38、 ten years. 7. I _(teach) English for ten years before I came the country. He said that he _(teach) English for ten years.8. She told me she _ _(be) to Sanya three times.she _ _(be) to Sanya three times.二 改被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)1.Mary has already seen this film.2.She hasnt returned to book to the library yet.3

39、.My mum has just bought me a new bike.4.This little boy has learnt 500 English words.5.Li Ping has posted the letter on his way home.6.The workers have built the shopping mall 7.The teacher has told us an interesting story.8.Have the builders finished building the bridge ?9.Rose has made some friend

40、s in Shanghai.10.My lovely daughter has drawn a nice picture.三選擇填空 1. In some countries , tea _ with milk and sugar. A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served 2. Great changes _ in my hometown since 1980. A. have been taken place B. took place C. have taken place D. were taken place 3. The new

41、type of car is going to _ in three years. A. turn out B. be turned out C. has turned out D. have been turned out 4. Do you like the skirt ? It _ soft. A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt 5. Are you still here ? You were here an hour ago . Who _ for ? A. are you waiting B. did you wait C. were

42、you waiting D. do you wait 6. _ to know Professor Zhang. A. He said B. I said C. He is said D. It says 7. I want to sit at the table near the window. Sorry , _ already. A. it took B. it takes C. it is taking D. it has been taken 8. He told me that the final examination _ next Thursday. A. is given B

43、. will be given C. would have given D. would be given 9. Water _ into ice. A. will changed B. must be changed C. should change D. can be changed 10. Plays _ twice a month in that theatre. A. put on B. are put on C. was put on D. often put on 11. A beautiful bike _ him by his classmates. A. sent to B

44、. will sent to C. was sent to D. will be sent for 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài) 一、 概念：過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果：強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果 I have finished my homework . 過(guò)去已經(jīng)開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)：強(qiáng)調(diào)繼續(xù) I have lived here since 1990.二 、標(biāo)志詞：見上表。三、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞基本構(gòu)成：have/has + done The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years. 四、 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的四個(gè)基本句型：（1）.肯定句：主語(yǔ)+

45、 has(主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù))或者h(yuǎn)ave+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+其他的。Mary has been ill for three days. You have talked.He has been in the League for three years. They have already finished their homework.(2).否定句：主語(yǔ)+hasnt(havent)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+其他的。He hasnt returned from abroad You havent talked.(3).一般疑問句：Has(Have)+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+其他的？Has Peter w

46、ritten six papers so far? Have you talked?(4).特殊疑問句：疑問詞+一般疑問句？How long has Thomas studied Russian?五、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的考點(diǎn)：1 、九個(gè)重點(diǎn)標(biāo)志語(yǔ)的用法already 已經(jīng) 肯定句中或句尾 I have already found my pen. = I have found my pen already.yet已經(jīng) 否定句和疑問句句尾 I have not finished the work yet. Have you bought a computer yet?ever曾經(jīng) 句中 Have you

47、ever seen pandas?never從不 句中 I have never been to Beijing.just剛剛 句中 I have just done my work.before以前 句尾 I have never been there before. so far到目前為止 So far he has learnt 200 words. how long多久 How long have you lived here? how many times多少次 How many times has he been to Beijing?2、三詞組用法區(qū)別： 1）havegone t

48、o“去了某地” He has gone to Beijing (人不在說(shuō)話現(xiàn)場(chǎng)) 2）havebeen to“去過(guò)某地” He has been to Beijing. (人在說(shuō)話現(xiàn)場(chǎng))3）havebeen in “去了某地”+for+時(shí)間段 He has been in Beijing for ten years. （他已經(jīng)去北京十年了。）1. _ you ever _America ? Yes, I have. A. Have gone to B. Have gone in C. Have been to D. Have been in2. My brother _ college for over three years. A. has gone to B. has been to C. has been in D. has been for3. Wheres Tony? He the library.3、兩結(jié)構(gòu)for two monthsfor +一段時(shí)間Jim has lived here for 2 months.since last yearsince +過(guò)去點(diǎn)時(shí)間Lucy has been in Beijing since 3 years ago.since 3 years agosince 1990si