[精]2021中考英語語法-從句的用法(基礎講解+真題解析)

1、中考英語語法-從句的用法（基礎講解+真題解析）【真題再現(xiàn)】1. What do you think of the school uniforms? ” Very good. I like clothes make me feel comfortable. ” 【貴州貴陽】A. that B. what C. who2. There will be a flower show in the park we visited last week. 【廣東】A. who B. when C. what D. which3. Now many people smoke and get ill.【廣西玉林

2、】So we should do something can help stop smoking.A. what B. who C. / D. that4. I still remember the time we spent together at XiSai mountainlast year.【湖北黃石】A. when B. what C. who D. which5. One of the most delicious drinks I like is orange juice.【湖北十堰】A. which B. that C. whose D. whom6. There are so

3、 many girls over there. Which one is your sister?湖北隨州】 The one hat is yellow.A. who B. whose C. that D. which7. We all like the story about the teacher happened in our schoollast week.【湖北咸寧】A. which B. who C. whom D. what8. The English-Chinese dictionary my father bought for me many years ago is sti

4、ll of great value. 【2012 江蘇南京】A. whose B. when C. who D. that【答案與解析】1. Ao考查定語從句引導詞的用法。定語從句的先行詞clothes是“物”，所以定語從句的引導詞用which或that 。根據(jù)句意“你覺得校服怎么樣呀？很好，我喜歡穿舒服的衣服”2. Do考查定語從句引導詞的用法。由于先行詞是物，所以引導詞用 which或 that ,而且引導詞在定語從句中作賓語。3. D。定語從句的先行詞是不定代詞 something，所以定語從句的引導詞用that。4. Do由于定語從句中的先行詞是time ,且引導詞在從句中作賓語，所以

5、定語 從句的引導詞用that或which ,故選D。5. Bo由于定語從句的先行詞drinks被形容詞最高級修飾，所以引導詞只能用that ,而不用 which。6. Bo考查定語從句的引導詞，根據(jù)句意可知引導詞在定語從句中作定語，修飾 hat,只能選 whose。7. A o本題需要準確找出定語從句的先行詞 the story ,是指物而不是指人，所 以定語從句的引導詞用 which而不用who。8. D?？疾槎ㄕZ從句的引導詞。由于先行詞是物，且引導詞在定語從句中作賓語， 所以用that。【用法講解】考試要求：定語從句一般不是中考重點考查內(nèi)容，大部分地區(qū)的中考只要求理解定語從句， 但是部分地

6、區(qū)也對定語從句的引導詞及定語從句中的主謂一致進行了考查，但是 理解定語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)對于準確理解句子的意思相當重要1 .定語從句的功用和結(jié)構(gòu)在復合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。 被定語從句修飾的 詞叫做先行詞。定語從句必須放在先行詞之后。引導定語從句的關聯(lián)詞有關系代 詞和關系副詞。例如：This is the present that he gave me for my birthday.這是他為我生日送的禮物。Do you know everybody who came to the party?你認識來宴會的每一位嗎？This is the place where Chairma

7、n Mao once lived.這是毛主席曾經(jīng)居住過的地方。2 .各個關系代詞和關系副詞的具體用法(1) who指人，在定語從句中作主語或賓語。例如：The person who broke the window must pay for it.打碎玻璃的人必須賠償。The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever.穿黑色夾克的男孩非常聰明。(2) whom指人，在定語從句中作賓語。例如:Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate你認識我們在門口遇到的那位男士嗎？Mr. L

8、ee (whom) you want to see has come.你要見的李先生已經(jīng)來了。(3) whose指人，在定語從句中作定語。例如：The girl whose mother is 川 is staying at home today.她媽媽病的那個女孩今天呆在家里。I know the boy whose father is a professor.我認識他父親是教授的那個男孩。(4) which指物，在定語從中作主語或賓語。例如：A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.字典是一本解釋單詞意思的書。Here

9、is the book (which) the teacher mentioned yesterday.這是老師昨天提到的那本書。(5) that多指物，有時也指人，在定語從句中作主語或賓語。例如:I' ve read the newspaper that / which carries the important news.我已經(jīng)讀了那份承載重要新聞的報紙。Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there?正在那兒讀報紙的人是誰？(6) when指時間，在定語從句中作狀語。例如：I' ll never for

10、get the time when we worked on the farm.我從不會忘記我們工作在農(nóng)場的時間。He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.就在我離開那天他到得北京。(7) where指地點，在定語從句中作狀語。例如：This is the house where we lived last year.這是我們?nèi)ツ昃幼〉哪莻€房子。The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.父親工作的那個工廠在城市的東邊。3 .關系代詞和關系副詞的功用關系代詞和關系副詞

11、用來引導定語從句，在先行詞和定語從句之間起紐帶作用，使二者聯(lián)系起來。關系代詞和關系副詞又在定語從句中充當一個成分，關系代詞可作主語、賓語或定語，關系副詞可作狀語。(1)作主語：關系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，從句的謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)必須和先行詞一致。例如：I don ' t like people who talk much but do little.我不喜歡說得多而做得少的人。The cars which are produced in Hubei Province sell very well.湖北生產(chǎn)的汽車銷售得很好。(2)作賓語：例如：She is the person tha

12、t I met at the school gate yesterday.她是我昨天在校門口遇見的那個人。The book that my grandmother gave me is called The Great Escape.奶奶給我的那本書叫大逃亡。(3)作定語：關系代詞whose在定語從句中作定語用。例如：What' s the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor?他的妹妹是醫(yī)生的那個年輕男子叫什么名字?The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard.她的父親

13、是一位老師的那個女孩學習很努力。(4)作狀語I' ll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.我將從不會忘記我第一次來北京的那天。This is the house where I was born.這是我出生的那個房子。4 .具體使用時注意下列問題：只能使用that,不用which的情況：(1) 先行詞是 all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代詞時。例如：All that he said is true. 所有他說的都是真的。(2)如果先行詞被形容詞最高級以

14、及 first, last, any, few, much, no, some, only, very 等詞修飾，關系代詞常用that,不用which 。例如：This is the only book that the old woman is interested in.這是僅有的一本老婦人感興趣的書。(3)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾的詞例如：It was the second house that I bought.這是我買的第二個房子。(4)先行詞是形容詞最高級或被形容詞最高級修飾的詞。例如：This is the best book (that) I have read this year.這是我今年讀過的最好的書。(5)先行詞既包括人又包括物時。例如： He talked about the people and the things that he remembered.他談論他記起得的人和事。只能用which ,不能用that的情況：(1)在非限制性定語從句中。例如：I will take this one, which was exactly what we wanted.我想買這個，它確實是我想要的。(2)定語從句由介詞+關系代詞引導，先行詞是物時。例如：The thing about which he is