大學(xué)英語(yǔ)翻譯全教程(完美版)第9講.

1、第九講翻譯理論學(xué)習(xí)：改革開(kāi)放以來(lái)的翻譯中國(guó)歷史三次翻譯高潮：1. 東漢至唐宋的佛經(jīng)翻譯，2. 明末清初的科技翻譯，3鴉片戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)至五四運(yùn)動(dòng)”期間的西方思想和文學(xué)翻譯。新時(shí)期翻譯：1977-至今一、 1977-1987 對(duì)中國(guó)翻譯理論進(jìn)行整理和總結(jié)階段1. 羅新璋翻譯論集（1984案本一求信一神似一化境”的理論體系2. 翻譯通訊編輯部選編的翻譯研究論文集。3. 譚載喜翻譯”藝術(shù)和技術(shù)翻譯學(xué)”科學(xué)。4. 楊自儉：翻譯學(xué)應(yīng)是研究翻譯的思維規(guī)律和方法的科學(xué) ”二、 1987-1997 翻譯理論體系化和大量引進(jìn)外國(guó)翻譯理論階段楊自儉等新論陳福康：中國(guó)譯學(xué)理論史稿:翻譯(1992,大量國(guó)外翻譯理論奈達(dá)”：功能

2、對(duì)等”紐馬克”：語(yǔ)義翻譯和交際翻譯論”斯坦納”國(guó)際上各種翻譯理論流派：如語(yǔ)言學(xué)派、結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換學(xué)派、圣經(jīng)釋義學(xué)派、意義認(rèn)識(shí)再現(xiàn)學(xué)派 這一時(shí)期翻譯理論的特點(diǎn)：語(yǔ)言學(xué)理論，面向源文，信”后期，佛美爾和諾德：目的論”功能學(xué)派”面向讀者，決定譯文面貌的，不是源文，而是翻譯目的。 即，不同的讀者，可以產(chǎn)生不同的譯文。三、1997-今:翻譯研究的文化轉(zhuǎn)向期孟昭毅：中國(guó)翻譯文學(xué)史（2003,馬祖毅教授等：中國(guó)翻譯通史。謝天振譯介學(xué)（1999。國(guó)外翻譯理論：佐哈爾和圖里的多元系統(tǒng)翻譯理論，翻譯技巧學(xué)習(xí)句子的翻譯（二:被動(dòng)句的翻譯一、將被動(dòng)句譯成漢語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)句1按原順序譯成主動(dòng)句(1The novel A Dream

3、 of RedMansions has bee n tran slatedinto many foreig n Ian guages.小說(shuō)紅樓夢(mèng)已譯成許多外國(guó)文字。(2His long, weekly editorial“ Frankly Speaking ” thoughsometimes turgid andrepetitious is read bymillio ns.他每周的長(zhǎng)篇專欄實(shí)話實(shí)說(shuō)”有時(shí)未免有些華而不實(shí)、老生常談，卻仍有千百萬(wàn)人閱讀。(3During the World Cup the streets were filled with football fans.世界杯比賽期

4、間，街上擠滿了球迷。(4The new Comma nd hav ingbee n in stalled, my work therewas done, and I retur ned togive my report to the House.新的司令部成立后，我在那兒的任務(wù)就完成了，于是我就回國(guó)向下院作匯報(bào)。(5The sense of in feriority that heacquired in his youth hasn ever bee n totally eradicated.他在青少年時(shí)期留下的自卑感，還沒(méi)有完全消除。(60n their domestic stati ons

5、 eve nts in the Middle East were dismissed briefly.在他們國(guó)內(nèi)電臺(tái)的廣播中，中東事件只輕描淡寫(xiě)地報(bào)道了一下。2.動(dòng)作發(fā)出者譯成主語(yǔ)(1Large qua ntities of fuel are used by moder n in dustry.現(xiàn)代工業(yè)耗用大量燃料。(2Your car was towed away by a towi ng truck from Lewis Compa ny.路易斯公司的一輛拖車把你的汽車拖走了。(3While in Lon do n, Heikal wasapproached by severalpubli

6、shers who urged him towrite a book on Nasser.在倫敦時(shí)幾個(gè)出版商前來(lái)和?？柦忧ⅲ卣?qǐng)他寫(xiě)一本關(guān)于納賽爾的書(shū)(4Cuff s fight with Dobbin, andthe un expected issue of thatcon test, will l ong beremembered by every manwho was educated at Dr.Swishtail s famous school.凡是在斯威希泰爾博士那有名的學(xué)校里念過(guò)書(shū)的學(xué)生，決不能忘記克普和都賓兩人打架的經(jīng)過(guò)和后來(lái)意想不到的結(jié)局。(5By the end of t

7、he war 800people had bee n saved by theorga ni zatio n, but at the cost ofover 200 Belgia n and Frenchlives.大戰(zhàn)終了時(shí)，這個(gè)組織拯救了八百人，但那是以二百多比利時(shí)人和法國(guó)人的生命為代價(jià)的。3.把原文中的某一部分譯成主語(yǔ) (1The compass was invented in China fourthousa nd years ago.中國(guó)在四千年前發(fā)明了指南針。（狀一一主(2The edifice, which is the tallest in the city, was buil

8、t five years ago.五年前建造的那座大廈是全市最高的建筑物。(主謂-主(3My brother wastaught shortha nd by Mr. Cott on.我弟弟的速記是科頓先生教的。(賓一一主(4Energy is defined as the ability to do work.能的定義為做功的能力。(謂一一主4.增加邏輯主語(yǔ)(1She hadn t been told Bette s other name, or she d forgotten it.人家沒(méi)告訴她禧蒂姓什么，要不然也許是她忘了。(2If you are asked pers onal ques

9、ti ons you n eed not an swer them.如果有人向你提出私事的問(wèn)題，你盡可不答。(3Memora nda were prepared inadva nee of private meeti ngson matters to be discussed.在舉行個(gè)別交談之前，我已經(jīng)就所有要討論的問(wèn)題預(yù)先擬好了備忘錄。(4It has bee n men ti oned thatRebecca, soon after herarrival in Paris, took a verysmart and leadi ng positi on inthe society of t

10、hat capital, andwas welcomed at some of themost dist in guished houses ofthe restored French n obility.我曾經(jīng)說(shuō)過(guò)利禧加到達(dá)法國(guó)首都巴黎不久之后，便在上流社會(huì)出入,又時(shí)髦，又出風(fēng)頭，連好些光復(fù)后的王親國(guó)戚都和她來(lái)往。(5He was found repairi ng the machi ne in the workshop.有人看見(jiàn)他正在車間里修機(jī)器。二、將被動(dòng)句譯成漢語(yǔ)的判斷句“是的”(1The poetry was chanted to the accompaniment of the l

11、yre.詩(shī)歌吟唱時(shí)是用七弦琴伴奏的。(2The credit system in America was first adopted by Harvard University in 1872.is built up from atoms.世間萬(wàn)物都是由原子構(gòu)成的。(4The scie nee fictio n has bee n tran slated into Chin ese by a frie nd of mine.那部科幻小說(shuō)是我的一個(gè)朋友譯成中文的。(5These books are specially written for ehildren.這些書(shū)是特別為孩子們寫(xiě)的。三、將被動(dòng)

12、句譯成漢語(yǔ)的無(wú)主句把”將”對(duì)”(11 n many countries, authority is seldom, if ever, questioned.在很多國(guó)家，很少向權(quán)威提出質(zhì)疑。(2Helsinki became a flourishing port, and a university was founded at Turku.赫爾辛基變成了一個(gè)繁榮的港口，在圖爾庫(kù)還建成了一所大學(xué)。(3AII the data available should becollected and studied with carebefore one works at a theory.在制定理論前，應(yīng)

13、該把現(xiàn)有的所有數(shù)據(jù)資料都認(rèn)真地搜集和研究。(4Wrongs must be righted whe n they are discovered.發(fā)現(xiàn)了錯(cuò)誤一定要改正美國(guó)的學(xué)分制是一八七二年在哈佛大學(xué)首先實(shí)施的Everyth ing in the world(5No con clusi on has bee n reached so far.到目前為止沒(méi)有得出結(jié)論。(6Your plan could be fulfilled on time if more efforts were made.如果作更大的努力就可以按時(shí)完成你的計(jì)劃了。四、將被動(dòng)句譯成漢語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)句被”受”1用被、遭/受、給、得”等

14、字(11 hope that the resoluti on of theGen eral Assembly will at lastbe respected by memberstates and by Israel inparticular.我希望大會(huì)的各項(xiàng)決議終將得到各會(huì)員國(guó)，尤其是以色列的尊重(21 was possessed by the very no velty of what I did.我被自己所干的事的新鮮勁迷住了。(3Those who perform deeds of merit will be rewarded.立功的人將受到獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。(40ur roof was dam

15、aged in last nightsstorm.在昨夜的暴風(fēng)雨中，我家的屋頂遭到了破壞。(51 was seized with sad ness as Ithought of how the ancient city had bee n spared duri ng the Second World War andnow might be destroyed by an impe nding riot.我想到了這座古城在二戰(zhàn)時(shí) 得到幸免而現(xiàn)在卻要遭到即 將來(lái)臨的暴亂的破壞，內(nèi)心感 到悲傷。(61 started to expla in that I couldn t do my best s

16、ince my spectacles had bee n taken away from me, but she wouldn t let me finish.我開(kāi)始解釋，我不可能干得很 好，因?yàn)槲业难坨R已給拿走 了，但她不準(zhǔn)我講完。2.用由”讓”等字(1Two-thirds of the area are covered with imme nse forests of pine, spruce and birch.面積的三分之二由廣闊的松林、云杉林和白樺林所覆蓋。（2With a true democratic system,he said, Egypt would not have be

17、en defeated by Israel in 196 他 說(shuō) 倘有一個(gè)真正 的民主制度，埃及在 1967 年就不會(huì)讓以 色列打敗。（3） The cyclist was knocked down bya truck.那個(gè) 騎車人 讓一輛卡車 撞倒了。（ 4） The design will beexamined by a special committee 這項(xiàng) 設(shè)計(jì)將 由一個(gè)專門 委員會(huì)予以審查。213.用 予以”、加以”等字（1）The design will be examined by a special committee.這項(xiàng)設(shè)計(jì)將由一個(gè)專門委員會(huì)予以審查。（2） Problems should ber