大學英語翻譯全教程(完美版)第9講.

1、第九講翻譯理論學習：改革開放以來的翻譯中國歷史三次翻譯高潮：1. 東漢至唐宋的佛經翻譯，2. 明末清初的科技翻譯，3鴉片戰(zhàn)爭至五四運動”期間的西方思想和文學翻譯。新時期翻譯：1977-至今一、 1977-1987 對中國翻譯理論進行整理和總結階段1. 羅新璋翻譯論集（1984案本一求信一神似一化境”的理論體系2. 翻譯通訊編輯部選編的翻譯研究論文集。3. 譚載喜翻譯”藝術和技術翻譯學”科學。4. 楊自儉：翻譯學應是研究翻譯的思維規(guī)律和方法的科學 ”二、 1987-1997 翻譯理論體系化和大量引進外國翻譯理論階段楊自儉等新論陳?？担褐袊g學理論史稿:翻譯(1992,大量國外翻譯理論奈達”：功能

2、對等”紐馬克”：語義翻譯和交際翻譯論”斯坦納”國際上各種翻譯理論流派：如語言學派、結構轉換學派、圣經釋義學派、意義認識再現學派 這一時期翻譯理論的特點：語言學理論，面向源文，信”后期，佛美爾和諾德：目的論”功能學派”面向讀者，決定譯文面貌的，不是源文，而是翻譯目的。 即，不同的讀者，可以產生不同的譯文。三、1997-今:翻譯研究的文化轉向期孟昭毅：中國翻譯文學史（2003,馬祖毅教授等：中國翻譯通史。謝天振譯介學（1999。國外翻譯理論：佐哈爾和圖里的多元系統翻譯理論，翻譯技巧學習句子的翻譯（二:被動句的翻譯一、將被動句譯成漢語的主動句1按原順序譯成主動句(1The novel A Dream

3、 of RedMansions has bee n tran slatedinto many foreig n Ian guages.小說紅樓夢已譯成許多外國文字。(2His long, weekly editorial“ Frankly Speaking ” thoughsometimes turgid andrepetitious is read bymillio ns.他每周的長篇專欄實話實說”有時未免有些華而不實、老生常談，卻仍有千百萬人閱讀。(3During the World Cup the streets were filled with football fans.世界杯比賽期

4、間，街上擠滿了球迷。(4The new Comma nd hav ingbee n in stalled, my work therewas done, and I retur ned togive my report to the House.新的司令部成立后，我在那兒的任務就完成了，于是我就回國向下院作匯報。(5The sense of in feriority that heacquired in his youth hasn ever bee n totally eradicated.他在青少年時期留下的自卑感，還沒有完全消除。(60n their domestic stati ons

5、 eve nts in the Middle East were dismissed briefly.在他們國內電臺的廣播中，中東事件只輕描淡寫地報道了一下。2.動作發(fā)出者譯成主語(1Large qua ntities of fuel are used by moder n in dustry.現代工業(yè)耗用大量燃料。(2Your car was towed away by a towi ng truck from Lewis Compa ny.路易斯公司的一輛拖車把你的汽車拖走了。(3While in Lon do n, Heikal wasapproached by severalpubli

6、shers who urged him towrite a book on Nasser.在倫敦時幾個出版商前來和?？柦忧?，敦請他寫一本關于納賽爾的書(4Cuff s fight with Dobbin, andthe un expected issue of thatcon test, will l ong beremembered by every manwho was educated at Dr.Swishtail s famous school.凡是在斯威希泰爾博士那有名的學校里念過書的學生，決不能忘記克普和都賓兩人打架的經過和后來意想不到的結局。(5By the end of t

7、he war 800people had bee n saved by theorga ni zatio n, but at the cost ofover 200 Belgia n and Frenchlives.大戰(zhàn)終了時，這個組織拯救了八百人，但那是以二百多比利時人和法國人的生命為代價的。3.把原文中的某一部分譯成主語 (1The compass was invented in China fourthousa nd years ago.中國在四千年前發(fā)明了指南針。（狀一一主(2The edifice, which is the tallest in the city, was buil

8、t five years ago.五年前建造的那座大廈是全市最高的建筑物。(主謂-主(3My brother wastaught shortha nd by Mr. Cott on.我弟弟的速記是科頓先生教的。(賓一一主(4Energy is defined as the ability to do work.能的定義為做功的能力。(謂一一主4.增加邏輯主語(1She hadn t been told Bette s other name, or she d forgotten it.人家沒告訴她禧蒂姓什么，要不然也許是她忘了。(2If you are asked pers onal ques

9、ti ons you n eed not an swer them.如果有人向你提出私事的問題，你盡可不答。(3Memora nda were prepared inadva nee of private meeti ngson matters to be discussed.在舉行個別交談之前，我已經就所有要討論的問題預先擬好了備忘錄。(4It has bee n men ti oned thatRebecca, soon after herarrival in Paris, took a verysmart and leadi ng positi on inthe society of t

10、hat capital, andwas welcomed at some of themost dist in guished houses ofthe restored French n obility.我曾經說過利禧加到達法國首都巴黎不久之后，便在上流社會出入,又時髦，又出風頭，連好些光復后的王親國戚都和她來往。(5He was found repairi ng the machi ne in the workshop.有人看見他正在車間里修機器。二、將被動句譯成漢語的判斷句“是的”(1The poetry was chanted to the accompaniment of the l

11、yre.詩歌吟唱時是用七弦琴伴奏的。(2The credit system in America was first adopted by Harvard University in 1872.is built up from atoms.世間萬物都是由原子構成的。(4The scie nee fictio n has bee n tran slated into Chin ese by a frie nd of mine.那部科幻小說是我的一個朋友譯成中文的。(5These books are specially written for ehildren.這些書是特別為孩子們寫的。三、將被動

12、句譯成漢語的無主句把”將”對”(11 n many countries, authority is seldom, if ever, questioned.在很多國家，很少向權威提出質疑。(2Helsinki became a flourishing port, and a university was founded at Turku.赫爾辛基變成了一個繁榮的港口，在圖爾庫還建成了一所大學。(3AII the data available should becollected and studied with carebefore one works at a theory.在制定理論前，應

13、該把現有的所有數據資料都認真地搜集和研究。(4Wrongs must be righted whe n they are discovered.發(fā)現了錯誤一定要改正美國的學分制是一八七二年在哈佛大學首先實施的Everyth ing in the world(5No con clusi on has bee n reached so far.到目前為止沒有得出結論。(6Your plan could be fulfilled on time if more efforts were made.如果作更大的努力就可以按時完成你的計劃了。四、將被動句譯成漢語的被動句被”受”1用被、遭/受、給、得”等

14、字(11 hope that the resoluti on of theGen eral Assembly will at lastbe respected by memberstates and by Israel inparticular.我希望大會的各項決議終將得到各會員國，尤其是以色列的尊重(21 was possessed by the very no velty of what I did.我被自己所干的事的新鮮勁迷住了。(3Those who perform deeds of merit will be rewarded.立功的人將受到獎勵。(40ur roof was dam

15、aged in last nightsstorm.在昨夜的暴風雨中，我家的屋頂遭到了破壞。(51 was seized with sad ness as Ithought of how the ancient city had bee n spared duri ng the Second World War andnow might be destroyed by an impe nding riot.我想到了這座古城在二戰(zhàn)時 得到幸免而現在卻要遭到即 將來臨的暴亂的破壞，內心感 到悲傷。(61 started to expla in that I couldn t do my best s

16、ince my spectacles had bee n taken away from me, but she wouldn t let me finish.我開始解釋，我不可能干得很 好，因為我的眼鏡已給拿走 了，但她不準我講完。2.用由”讓”等字(1Two-thirds of the area are covered with imme nse forests of pine, spruce and birch.面積的三分之二由廣闊的松林、云杉林和白樺林所覆蓋。（2With a true democratic system,he said, Egypt would not have be

17、en defeated by Israel in 196 他 說 倘有一個真正 的民主制度，埃及在 1967 年就不會讓以 色列打敗。（3） The cyclist was knocked down bya truck.那個 騎車人 讓一輛卡車 撞倒了。（ 4） The design will beexamined by a special committee 這項 設計將 由一個專門 委員會予以審查。213.用 予以”、加以”等字（1）The design will be examined by a special committee.這項設計將由一個專門委員會予以審查。（2） Problems should ber