管理學(xué)專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)中英文對(duì)照

1、1,管理與組織導(dǎo)論管理者:(manager)基層管理者:(first-linemanagers)中層管理者:(middlemanagers)高層管理者:(topmanagers)管理:(management)效率:(efficiency)效果:(effectiveness)計(jì)戈U:(planning)組織:(organizing)領(lǐng)導(dǎo):(leading)控制:(controlling)管理角色:(managementroles)人際關(guān)系角色:(interpersonalroles)信息傳遞角色:(informationalroles)決策制定角色:(descisionalroles)技術(shù)技能：

2、(technicalskills)人際技能：(humanskills)概念技能：(conceptualskills)管理的普遍性:(universalityofmanagement)2 .管理的歷史勞動(dòng)分工:(divisionoflabor)工作專業(yè)化:(jobspecialization)工業(yè)革命:(industrificrevolution)科學(xué)管理:(scientificmanagement)一般行政管理理論:(generaladministrativetheory)管理原:(principlesofmanagement)官僚行政組織:(bureaucracy)定量方法:(quantit

3、ativeapproach)組織行為:(organizationalbehavior)霍桑研究系統(tǒng)：(Hawthornestudiessystems)封閉系統(tǒng):(closedsystems)開放系統(tǒng):(opensystems)權(quán)變理論:(contingencyapproach)勞動(dòng)力多元化：(workforcediversity)電子企業(yè):(e-business)電子商務(wù)：(e-commerce)內(nèi)部網(wǎng):(intranet)學(xué)習(xí)型組織:(learningorganization)知識(shí)管理：(knowledgemanagement)質(zhì)量管理:(qualitymanagement)3 .組織文化與

4、環(huán)境管理萬(wàn)能論:(omnipotentviewofmanagement)管理象征論:(symbolilviewofmanagement)組織文化:(organizationculture)強(qiáng)文化:(strongcultures)社會(huì)化:(socialization)工作場(chǎng)所精神境界:(workplacespirituality)夕卜部環(huán)境:(externalenvironment)具體環(huán)境:(specificenvironment)一般環(huán)境:(generalenvironment)環(huán)境的不確定性:(environmentuncertainty)環(huán)境的復(fù)雜性:(environmentcomple

5、xity)利益相關(guān)群體:(stakholders)4 .全球環(huán)境中的管理狹隘主義:(parochialism)民族中心、論:(ethnocentricattitude)多國(guó)中心論：(polycentricattitude)全球中心、論:(geocentricattitude)跨國(guó)公司:(multinationalcorporation)多國(guó)公司:(multidomesticcorporation)全球公司:(globalcompany)跨國(guó)或無(wú)邊界組織:(transnationalorboredrlessorganization)初始全球化組織：(bornglobals)全球外購(gòu):(globa

6、lsourcing)出口:(exporting)進(jìn)口:(importing)許可證經(jīng)營(yíng):(licensing)許可經(jīng)營(yíng):(franchising)戰(zhàn)略同盟:(strategicalliance)合資企業(yè):(jointventure)外國(guó)子公司:(foreignsubsidiary)市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì):(marketeconomy)計(jì)戈U經(jīng)濟(jì):(commandeconomy)民族文化:(nationalculture)5 .社會(huì)責(zé)任與管理道德古典觀點(diǎn):(classicalview)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)觀點(diǎn):(socioeconomicview)社會(huì)義務(wù):(socialobligation)社會(huì)響應(yīng):(socialr

7、esponsiveness)社會(huì)責(zé)任:(socialresponsinility)社會(huì)屏障篩選:(socialscreening)管理的綠色化:(gerrningofmanagement)以價(jià)值觀為基礎(chǔ)的管理:(values-basedmanagement)道德:(ethics)自我強(qiáng)度控制點(diǎn):(egostrengthlocusofcontrol)道德準(zhǔn)則：(codeofethics)社會(huì)企業(yè)家:(socialentrepreneur)社會(huì)影響管理:(socialimpactmanagement)6 .制定決策決策:(decisions)決策制定過(guò)程:(decision-makingproce

8、ss)決策標(biāo)準(zhǔn)問(wèn)題:(decisioncriteriaproblem)理性的:(rational)有限理性:(boundedrationality)滿意的承諾升級(jí):(satisfiedescalationofcommitment)直覺(jué)決策:(intuitivedecisionmaking)結(jié)構(gòu)良好問(wèn)題:(structuredproblems)程序化決策:(programmeddecision)程序:(procedure)規(guī)則:(rule)政策:(policy)結(jié)構(gòu)不良問(wèn)題:(unstructuredproblems)非程序化決策:(nonprogrammeddecisions)確定性:(cer

9、tainty)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)性:(risk)命令型風(fēng)格:(directivestyle)分析型風(fēng)格:(analyticstyle)概念型風(fēng)格:(conceptualstyle)行為型風(fēng)格：(behavioralstyle)啟發(fā)法:(heuristics)7 .計(jì)劃的基礎(chǔ)陳述目標(biāo):(statedgoals)真實(shí)目標(biāo):(realgoals)戰(zhàn)略計(jì)劃：(strategicplans)運(yùn)營(yíng)計(jì)戈U:(operationalplans)長(zhǎng)期計(jì)戈U:(long-termplans)短期計(jì)劃：(short-termplans)具體計(jì)戈U:(specificplans)方向性計(jì)劃:(directionalplans)一次

10、性計(jì)劃:(single-usedplans)持續(xù)性計(jì)劃：(standingplans)傳統(tǒng)目標(biāo):(traditionalgoalsetting)手段-目標(biāo)鏈:(means-endschain)目標(biāo)管理:(managementbyobjectives)使命:(mission)承諾概念:(commitmentconcept)正式計(jì)戈U部門:(formalplanningdepartment)8 .戰(zhàn)略管理戰(zhàn)略管理:(strategicmanagement)組織戰(zhàn)略商業(yè)模式:(strategiesbusinessmodel)戰(zhàn)略管理過(guò)程:(strategicmanagementprocess)機(jī)會(huì):

11、(opportunities)威脅:(threats)資源:(resources)能力:(capabilities)核心競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力:(corecompetencies)SWOT分析法:(SWOTanalysis)公司層戰(zhàn)略：(corporatestrategy)增長(zhǎng)戰(zhàn)略：(growthstrategy)相關(guān)多元化:(relateddiversification)非相關(guān)多元化:(unrelateddiversification)穩(wěn)定性戰(zhàn)略:(stabilitystrategy)更新戰(zhàn)略：(renewalstrategies)緊縮戰(zhàn)略:(retrenchmentstrategy)扭轉(zhuǎn)戰(zhàn)略：(turna

12、roundstrategy)BCG巨陣:(BCGmatrix)業(yè)務(wù)層戰(zhàn)略:(businessstrategy)戰(zhàn)略業(yè)務(wù)單元:(strategicbusinessunits)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì):(competitiveadvantage)成本領(lǐng)先戰(zhàn)略:(costleadershipstrategy)遵循差異化戰(zhàn)略:(differentiationstrategy)聚焦戰(zhàn)略:(focusstrategy)徘徊其間：(stuckinthemiddle)戰(zhàn)略靈活性:(strategicflexibility)市場(chǎng)先入者:(firstmover)9 .計(jì)劃的工具技術(shù)環(huán)境掃描:(environmentscannin

13、g)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手情報(bào):(competitorintelligence)預(yù)測(cè):(forecasts)定量預(yù)測(cè):(quantitativeforecasting)定性預(yù)測(cè):(qualitativeforecasting)標(biāo)桿比較:(benchmarking)資源:(resources)預(yù)算:(budget)甘特圖:(Ganttchart)負(fù)荷圖:(loadchart)事件:(events)計(jì)戈M審技術(shù):(theprogramevaluationandreviewtechnique)活動(dòng):(activities)松弛時(shí)間:(slacktime)關(guān)鍵路徑：(criticalpath)盈虧平衡分析:(bre

14、akevenanalysis)線性規(guī)戈:(linearprogramming)項(xiàng)目管理:(projectmanagement)腳本:(scenario)10 .組織結(jié)構(gòu)與設(shè)計(jì)組織結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì):(organazationalstructuredesign)工作專門化:(workspecialization)職能部門化:(functionaldepartmentalization)產(chǎn)品部門化:(productdepartmentalization)地區(qū)部門化:(geographicaldepartmentalization)過(guò)程部門化:(processdepartmentalization)顧客部門化

15、:(customerdepartmentalization)跨職能團(tuán)隊(duì)：(crossfunctionalteams)指揮鏈:(chainofcommand)職權(quán):(authority)職責(zé):(responsibility)統(tǒng)指揮:(unityofcommand)管理跨度:(spanofcontrol)集權(quán)化:(centralization)分權(quán)化:(decentralization)員工授權(quán):(employeeempowerment)正規(guī)化Normalization)機(jī)械式組織:(mechanisticorganization)有機(jī)式組織:(organicorganization)單件生產(chǎn):(

16、unitproduction)大批量生產(chǎn):(massproduction)連續(xù)生產(chǎn):(processproduction)簡(jiǎn)單結(jié)構(gòu):(simplestructure)職能型結(jié)構(gòu)：(flanctionalstructure)事業(yè)部型結(jié)構(gòu):(divisionalstructure)團(tuán)隊(duì)結(jié)構(gòu):(teamstructure)矩陣型結(jié)構(gòu):(matrixstructure)項(xiàng)目型結(jié)構(gòu)：(projectstructure)無(wú)邊界組織:(boundarylessorganization)虛擬組織:(virtualorganization)學(xué)習(xí)型組織:(learningorganization)組織結(jié)構(gòu)圖:(o

17、rganizationalcharts)11 .溝通與信息技術(shù)溝通:(communication)人際溝通:(interpersonalcommunication)組織溝通:(organizationalcommunication)信息:(message)編碼:(encoding)解碼:(decoding)溝通過(guò)程:(communicationprocess)噪聲:(noise)非語(yǔ)言溝通:(nonverbalcommunication)體態(tài)語(yǔ)言:(bodylanguage)語(yǔ)調(diào):(verbalintonation)過(guò)濾:(filtering)信息超載:(informationoverload

18、)積極傾聽(tīng):(activelistening)正式溝通:(formalcommunication)非正式溝通:(informalcommunication)下行溝通:(upwardcommunication)橫向溝通:(lateralcommunication)斜向?通:(diagonalcommunication)溝通網(wǎng)絡(luò):(communicationnetworks)小道消息:(grape-vine)電子郵件:(e-mail)即時(shí)消息:(instantmessaging)音頻郵件：(voice_mail)電子數(shù)據(jù)交換:(electrinicdatainterchange)電話會(huì)議:(tel

19、econferencing)可視會(huì)議:(videoconferencing)網(wǎng)絡(luò)會(huì)議:(webconferencing)內(nèi)部互聯(lián)網(wǎng):(intranet)外部互聯(lián)網(wǎng):(Extranet)實(shí)踐社區(qū):(communitiespractive)12 .人力資源管理高績(jī)效工作實(shí)務(wù):(high-performanceworkpractices)人力資源管理過(guò)程:(humanresourcemanagementprocess)工會(huì)(laborunion)反優(yōu)先雇傭行動(dòng)計(jì)劃：(affirmativeaction)人力資源規(guī)戈U:(humanresourceplanning)職務(wù)分析:(jobanalysis)

20、職務(wù)說(shuō)明書:(jobdescription)職務(wù)規(guī)范:(jobspecification)招聘:(recruitment)解聘:(decriuitment)甄選:(selection)效度:(validity)信度:(reliability)工作抽樣：(worksamping)評(píng)估中心:(assessmentcenters)真實(shí)工作預(yù)覽:(relisticjobpreview)上崗培訓(xùn)：(orientation)績(jī)效管理系統(tǒng):(performancemanagementsystem)書面描述法:(writtenessay)關(guān)鍵事件法：(criticalincidents)評(píng)分表法:(graph

21、icratingscales)行為定位評(píng)分法:(behaviorallyanchoredratingscales)多人比較法:(multipersoncomparisons)360度反饋法:(360-degreefeedback)基于技能薪酬：(skill-basedpay)浮動(dòng)工資:(variablepay)精簡(jiǎn)機(jī)構(gòu):(downsizing)性騷擾:(sexualharassment)基于家庭的福利:(family-friendlybenefits)13 .變革與創(chuàng)新管理組織變革:(organizationalchange)變革推動(dòng)者:(changeagent)組織發(fā)展:(organizat

22、ionaldevelopment)壓力:(stress)14 .行為的基礎(chǔ)行為:(behavior)組織行為學(xué):(organizationalbehavior)員工生產(chǎn)率:(employeeproductivity)離職率:(turnover)組織公民行為:(organizationalcitizenbehavior)工作滿意度:(jobsatisfaction)工作場(chǎng)所不當(dāng)行為態(tài)度:(workplacemisbehaviorattitudes)認(rèn)知行為:(cognitivecomponent)情感成分:(affectivecomponent)行為成分:(behaviorcomponent)組

23、織承諾:(organizationalcommitment)組織支持感:(perceivedorganizationalsupport)認(rèn)知失調(diào):(cognitivedissonance)態(tài)度調(diào)查:(attitudesurveys)人格1(personality)馬基雅維里主義:(machiavellianism)自尊:(self-esteem)自我控制：(self_monitoring)ER象管理:(impressionmanagement)情緒:(emotion)情緒智力:(emotionalIntelligence)知覺(jué):(perception)歸因理論:(attributiontheo

24、ry)基本歸因錯(cuò)誤:(fundamentalattributionerror)自我服務(wù)偏見(jiàn):(self-servingbias)假設(shè)相似性：(assumedsimilarity)亥U板印象:(stereotyping)暈輪效應(yīng)：(haloeffect)操作性條件反射：(operantconditioning)社會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)理論:(sociallearningtheory)行為塑造:(shapingbehavior)15 .理解群體與團(tuán)隊(duì)群體:(group)形成階段:(forming)震蕩階段:(storming)規(guī)范階段:(norming)執(zhí)行階段:(performing)解體階段：(adjourn

25、ing)群體思維：(groupthink)地位:(status)社會(huì)惰化:(socialloafing)群體內(nèi)聚力:(groupcohesiveness)沖突:(conflict)沖突的傳統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)：(traditionalviewofconflict)沖突的人際關(guān)系觀點(diǎn):(humanrelationsviewofconflict)沖突的交互作用觀點(diǎn):(interactionistviewofconflict)積極沖突:(functionalconflict)消極沖突：(disfunctionalconflict)任務(wù)沖突:(taskconflict)關(guān)系沖突:(relationshipconfl

26、ict)過(guò)程沖突:(processconflict)工作團(tuán)隊(duì)：(workteams)自我管理團(tuán)隊(duì):(self-managedworkteams)跨職能團(tuán)隊(duì):(cross-functionalteam)虛擬團(tuán)隊(duì)：(virtualteam)社會(huì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)構(gòu)造:(socialnetworkstructure)16 .激勵(lì)員工動(dòng)機(jī);(motivation)需要層次理論:(hierarchyofneedstheory)雙因素理論:(two-factortheory)保健因素:(hygienefactors)激勵(lì)因素:(motivators)三種需要理論:(three-needstheory)成就需要:(nee

27、dforachievement)權(quán)力需要:(needforpower)歸屬需要:(needforaffiliation)目標(biāo)設(shè)置理論：(goa-settingtheory)自我效能感:(self-efficacy)強(qiáng)化理論:(reinforcementtheory)強(qiáng)化物:(reinforcer)工作設(shè)計(jì):(jobdesign)工作擴(kuò)大化:(jobenlargement)工作豐富化:(jobenrichment)工作深度:(jobdepth)工作特征模型:(jobcharacteristicsmodel)公平理論:(equitytheory)參照對(duì)象:(referents)分配公平:(dist

28、ributivejustice)程序公平:(proceduraljustice)期望理論:(expectancytheory)壓縮工作周:(compressedworkweek)彈性工作制：(flexibleworkhours)彈性時(shí)間制:(flextime)工作分擔(dān):(jobsharing)遠(yuǎn)程辦公：(telecommuting)賬目公開管理：(open-bookmanagement)員工認(rèn)可方案:(employeerecognitionprograms)績(jī)效工資方案:(pay-for-performanceprogram)股票期權(quán):(stockoptions)17 .領(lǐng)導(dǎo)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者:(lead

29、er)領(lǐng)導(dǎo):(leadership)行為理論:(behavioraltheories)獨(dú)裁型風(fēng)格：(authoeraticstyle)民主型風(fēng)格:(democraticstyle)放任型風(fēng)格：(laissezfairestyle)定規(guī)維度:(initiatingstrueture)關(guān)懷維度:(consideration)高-高型領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者:(high-highleader)管理方格:(managerialgrid)權(quán)變模型:(contingencymodel)最難共事著問(wèn)卷：(least-preferredco-workerquestionnaire)情境領(lǐng)導(dǎo)理論:(situationalleadershiptheory)成熟度:(readiness)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者參與模型:(leaderparticipationmodel)路徑-目標(biāo)理論:(path-goaltheory)交易型領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者:(transactionalleaders)變革型領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者：(transformationalleaders)領(lǐng)袖魅力型領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者：(charismaticleader)愿景規(guī)劃型領(lǐng)導(dǎo):(visionaryleade