高考英語詞匯和短語匯編常用動(dòng)詞短語及真題分析

1、考點(diǎn)1. break相關(guān)短語break down（機(jī)器、車輛）停止運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)；（健康、精神）崩潰；（系統(tǒng)、討論等）出問題；分解break away打破陳規(guī)，放棄習(xí)慣；奮力掙脫 break out（戰(zhàn)爭、疫情、火災(zāi)等）爆發(fā)break in/into破門而入break up打碎、分裂；分手 Lets break up the whole into parts. 讓我們化整為零。 You must break away from these old customs. 你們必須破除這些舊風(fēng)俗。 The dog broke away from its owner and ran away. 狗掙脫了主人，跑了

2、。 After a long time of hard work，he almost broke down. 長時(shí)間艱苦勞動(dòng)之后，他的身體幾乎垮了。 Why did the peace talks break down？為什么和談失敗了？ This matter will break down in water. 這種物質(zhì)在水中會分解?？键c(diǎn)2. call相關(guān)短語call at a place拜訪某地call on/upon sb. 拜訪或看望某人call for sth. (sb.)需要，要求；接（某人）、來?。澄铮缓爸巳韈all off叫走，轉(zhuǎn)移開；取消，不舉行call on/up

3、on sb. to do sth.號召某人做某事call up(給)打電話；想起，回憶起call in收回，召回call out大聲喊 Call your dog off. 把你的狗叫走。 The match was called off because of bad weather. 由于天氣不好，比賽取消了。 This problem calls for careful thought. 這個(gè)問題需要好好想一想。 Ill call for you at seven this evening.今晚七點(diǎn)我來接你。 

4、 We call for the package at the post office.我們到郵局去取包裹。 The toy company has decided to call in the defective products all over the world.該玩具公司已決定在全世界范圍內(nèi)召回那些有缺陷的產(chǎn)品。 They boy called out for help. 那個(gè)男孩大聲呼救。考點(diǎn)3. come相關(guān)短語come about發(fā)生（不及物）；（b

5、ring about，使發(fā)生，及物）come across 偶然遇到（ meet with和run into也有這個(gè)意思）come along進(jìn)展；一起來come up with想出（主意或計(jì)劃等）come out（書、唱片、電影等）出版發(fā)行；（花）開放come to oneself蘇醒過來（oneself可以省略）come to realize開始意識到come up（在談話或會議中）被提及，被討論 Things are coming along fine.事情進(jìn)展順利。 When does their new album come out? 他們的新唱片什么時(shí)候發(fā)行？ The subjec

6、t came up at the meeting yesterday.這個(gè)話題昨天在會議上被提及。考點(diǎn)4. cut相關(guān)短語cut down/back減少cut in插話；（車從前面突然）插入cut off切斷、終止（供應(yīng)、電話等）；使與外界隔斷cut up切成碎片 The government has announced plans to cut back on defence spending by 10% next year. 政府已宣布計(jì)劃明年減少防務(wù)開支10%。 Im trying to cut down on caffeine. 我在盡力減少咖啡因的服用量。 I was just t

7、alking to Jane, when Dave cut in (on us / our conversation). 我正和Jane談話，這時(shí)Dave突然插話進(jìn)來。 Did you see that white car cut in (on us/ in front of us)? 你看到那輛白色的車突然插入（到我們前面）了嗎？ If this bill is not paid within five days, your gas supply will be cut off. 如果這個(gè)賬單五天內(nèi)不付，你的液化氣供應(yīng)將會被切斷。 Many villages have been cut of

8、f by the heavy snow. 許多村莊因?yàn)榫W(wǎng)搜語法通霸大雪與外面隔斷。 He cut the wood up to build a fire.他把木頭破碎來生火?？键c(diǎn)5. get相關(guān)短語get along/on（人）相處融洽；（工作）進(jìn)展get down to 開始認(rèn)真做某事（to是介詞）get through結(jié)束、完成；成功地聯(lián)絡(luò)；通過（考試）；渡過難關(guān)（也常用go through, be through）get away逃脫；離開get away with做成某壞事而未被發(fā)覺或處罰get changed換衣get across使理解，使相信get over戰(zhàn)勝、克服（困難）ge

9、t together聚會get to sb.使某人受到影響（cause sb. to suffer or be upset） How are you getting along/on with your job?你的工作進(jìn)展得怎么樣？ She got through her exams without too much trouble.她沒有遇到太大麻煩就通過了考試。 I dont know how I got through the first couple of months after Andys death. 我不知道在安迪死后我是怎樣度過前幾個(gè)月的。 The thief got aw

10、ay in the dark.那個(gè)賊趁著黑暗逃脫了。 If someone commits a murder, he wont get away with it.如果一個(gè)人犯了謀殺罪，他是不會逃脫懲罰的。 I wanted to come along, but couldnt get away. 我想要一起走，但是走不開。 We tried to get our point across, but he just wouldnt listen. 我們盡力想使他理解我們的意思，但他就是不聽。 The heat was beginning to get to me, so I went indoo

11、rs.炎熱開始使我感到難受，因此我走進(jìn)屋里。 I know hes annoying, but you shouldnt let him get to you. 我知道他很煩人，但你不應(yīng)當(dāng)讓他影響你?？键c(diǎn)6.  give相關(guān)短語give away捐贈(zèng)；泄露（秘密）give in 屈服，投降give out（機(jī)器或身體某部分stop working）停止工作（指人可譯作“筋疲力盡”）；用完、用盡；分發(fā)（作業(yè)、文件、物品）；散布、公布（消息、文件等）give off/out發(fā)出（氣味、熱、光等）give up放棄（后跟動(dòng)名詞） The party was meant to be a su

12、rprise, but Sharon gave it away. 本打算這個(gè)派對秘密準(zhǔn)備，但Sharon卻泄了密。 She thinks no one knows how much she likes him, but her face gave her away! 她認(rèn)為沒有人知道她多么愛他，但她的表情卻告訴了我們一切。 All machines gave out eventually.所有的機(jī)器最終都停止了運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。 Our food supplies gave out.我們的食物供應(yīng)已經(jīng)用完。 Both the man and the horse ga

13、ve out after the long ride. 趕了很長一段路后，人馬俱乏。 The government gave out food to people out of work. 政府向失業(yè)者分發(fā)食品。 They stood there, giving out the leaflets to the passers-by.他們站在那里, 向過路人散發(fā)傳單。 This milk must be bad, for it is giving off a nasty smell. 牛奶一定變質(zhì)了，因?yàn)樗l(fā)出一種令人惡心的氣味。 The sun gives out light and hea

14、t to the earth. 太陽向地球發(fā)出光和熱。 He gave up teaching only two years ago.  兩年前他才離開教學(xué)工作的。 考點(diǎn)7. go相關(guān)短語go about著手做某事（begin to do/deal with sth.），后跟動(dòng)名詞；到處走動(dòng)go over復(fù)習(xí)；仔細(xì)察看go off爆炸；（槍、鬧鈴）響go red/ mad/ blind/ hungrygo是系動(dòng)詞，“變得”go ahead (with)開始(繼續(xù))做某事go through(法律、計(jì)劃等)

15、通過，批準(zhǔn)；經(jīng)受（困難）；全面檢查 How can we go about solving this problem? 我們怎樣著手解決這個(gè)問題？ Didnt you hear your alarm clock going off this morning? 你沒聽到你的鬧鐘今天早上響了嗎？ Weve received permission to go ahead with the music festival in spite of opposition from local residents. 盡管當(dāng)?shù)鼐用穹磳?，我們得到允許繼續(xù)舉辦音 樂節(jié)。 I always go over my re

16、vision notes just before I go into an exam. 在考試之前，我總是認(rèn)真復(fù)習(xí)我的復(fù)習(xí)筆記。 You must go over the instructions of how it works before you use the micro-wave oven. 在使用微波爐前要先看看它的使用說明。 Im going through my wardrobe and throwing out all the clothes I dont wear any more. 我全面檢查了我的衣柜，網(wǎng)搜語法通霸把我不穿的衣服都拿了出來。 Remember to go

17、through the pockets before you put those trousers in the washing machine. 在把褲子放進(jìn)洗衣機(jī)之前，記著看一下口袋?？键c(diǎn)8. look相關(guān)短語look around/about環(huán)視四周look back on sth.回顧(某事)，回想(某事)look down on看不起，瞧不起look forward to期待，盼望（后跟動(dòng)名詞）look up抬頭看；(在書、字典中)查找；好轉(zhuǎn)look over審閱，檢查（to quickly examine）look sb. over上下打量（某人）look through翻閱，瀏覽

18、（to read sth. quickly ）look into sth.調(diào)查，研究，了解；look into ones eyes直視look out注意，小心（也可用watch out!）look out for留意（try to notice，也可用watch out for, keep an eye out for）look up to sb.欽佩、敬仰某人（look down upon瞧不起）look after照料，照看look on/upon sb. as把某人當(dāng)作看待 I still shudder when I look back on the past. 想起過去，我仍然不寒

19、而栗。 Things are looking up. 情況在好轉(zhuǎn)。 You shouldnt look down upon the poor. 你不應(yīng)該瞧不起窮人。 The police are looking into the cause of the accident.警方正調(diào)查事故原因。 Look out. Theres a car coming! 當(dāng)心!汽車來了! I had a few minutes before the meeting to look over what hed written. 在會前我有幾分鐘時(shí)間來快速查看他寫的內(nèi)容。 He looked her over a

20、nd nodded lightly. 他上下打量她，然后微微點(diǎn)了點(diǎn)頭。 We looked on her as a daughter.我們把她當(dāng)作女兒看待。 While shopping here, you must look out for pickpockets.在這里購物時(shí)，你一定要留意扒手。 Many fans look up to Yao Ming.許多粉絲都很欽佩姚明?？键c(diǎn) 9. pay相關(guān)短語pay back償還；報(bào)復(fù)pay off 還清（債務(wù)、欠款）；（付出得到）回報(bào)pay sb. some money for sth.因?yàn)槟澄?事付給某人多少錢pay down當(dāng)場支付，現(xiàn)金支

21、付 Can you lend me some money? Ill pay you/it back tomorrow. 你能借給我一些錢嗎？我明天還你。 He swore hed pay her back for all shed done to him. 他發(fā)誓他要為她所做的一切報(bào)復(fù)她。 We should be able to pay off the debt within two years. 我們應(yīng)該兩年內(nèi)能還清債務(wù)。 All her hard work paid off in the end, and she finally passed the exam. 她所有的努力最后都得到了

22、回報(bào)，她終于通過了網(wǎng)搜語法通霸考試?？键c(diǎn) 10. pick相關(guān)短語pick up撿起，拿起去拿某物，去接某人中途搭載乘客（在實(shí)踐中）學(xué)得（語言習(xí)慣等）買（便宜貨），用較少的錢買到見到、聽到、聞到（微弱光、聲音、氣味）（無線電）接收到（信號）（中斷后）重新開始，繼續(xù)跌倒后站(爬)起來increase or improve 增加、改善：（風(fēng)）變大，（車）提速，(生意生產(chǎn)天氣健康等)好轉(zhuǎn) 有起色等pick out(從眾多人、物中)辨認(rèn)出；挑選 I went to pick up the phone/receiver, but it had stopped ringing.我去想拿起電話聽筒，但它已停

23、止響了。 When youre in town, could you pick up the books I ordered? 當(dāng)你在鎮(zhèn)上的時(shí)候，請把我訂購的書拿回來好嗎？ Whose turn is it to pick the children up after school? 該誰去接孩子了？ The train stopped several times to pick up passengers. 火車沿途停了好幾次,讓乘客上車 My friends knew where to pick up a good second-hand bike. 我的朋友知道在哪里可以便宜地買到好的二手

24、自行車 We picked up the harbor lights as we sailed along.我們向前航行時(shí)看見了港口燈塔。 Police dogs picked up the scent（氣味） of the two men from clothes they had left behind. 警犬從那兩個(gè)人丟在后面的衣服上聞到了他們的氣味。 Can you pick up Moscow on your radio? 你的收音機(jī)能收到莫斯科電臺嗎？ After lunch shall we pick up where we left off yesterday? 午飯后我們從我

25、們昨天停的那個(gè)地方開始嗎？ She fell off her bike, but quickly picked herself up. 她從自行車上摔了下來, 但馬上爬了起來 The truck picked up speed slowly. 卡車慢慢提速。 The wind always picks up in the evening. 夜晚時(shí)風(fēng)總是變大。 His spirits picked up when he got the good news. 當(dāng)?shù)弥孟⒑?，他精神煥發(fā)。 The economy is finally beginning to pick up again. 經(jīng)濟(jì)終于

26、又開始有所好轉(zhuǎn) He picked up nicely after a long careful treat. 經(jīng)過較長時(shí)間精心治療后,他的健康恢復(fù)得很好。 It seems as if the weather may pick up soon. 看上去天氣好像很快要放晴了 Let me pick out some good ones for you.考點(diǎn) 11. put相關(guān)短語put aside留出（錢或時(shí)間等）；暫置一邊put sth. away把某物收拾起來put sth. back放回原處put down鎮(zhèn)壓；寫下；放下put forward提出（建議等）put off推遲（后跟動(dòng)名詞

27、作賓語）put on穿衣；上演put out 撲滅（火）put up張貼；搭建；舉起；提供臨時(shí)住處put up with忍受 He put aside some money every month for future uses.他每月都留出一部分錢以備后用。 Lets put our differences aside. 讓我們把我們的異議先擱置一邊。 The proposals that you have put forward deserve serious consideration. 你提出的建議值得認(rèn)真考慮。 Sally is putting me up for the weeke

28、nd.這個(gè)周末我住Sally家。 I cant put off going to the dentist any longer.我再也不能推遲去看牙醫(yī)了。 Never put off until tomorrow what you can do today. 不要把今天能做的事推到明天做。考點(diǎn) 12. set相關(guān)短語set about doing開始，著手（to start to do or deal with something, 后跟動(dòng)名詞, 意同go about） set out/off出發(fā)（start a journey）set out to do開始做，著手做（to start an

29、 activity with a particular aim）set off點(diǎn)燃,引爆set aside留出（時(shí)間、錢等）；暫置一邊(也可用put aside)set sb. apart使區(qū)別開來set down寫入、印入（正式文件中）set up建立（公司、組織、體系等）；組織（會議、活動(dòng)等）sb. be set up受陷害，中圈套set back推遲；使受挫set/lay the table整理餐桌（to put a cloth, knives and forks, etc. on the table in preparation for a meal）set a record創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄 I

30、ve no idea how to set about changing a tyre on a car. 我不知道怎樣著手換車上的輪胎。 I tried to apologize, but I think I set about it the wrong way.我盡力想道歉，但是我想我一開始方式就錯(cuò)了。 He had some money in an account that hed set aside for his kids. 他賬戶上有一些錢，是留出給他孩子用的。 I set aside half an hour every evening to hear Erik read. 我每

31、天晚上留出半小時(shí)時(shí)間來聽Erik讀書。 In times of war people tend to set aside political differences. 在戰(zhàn)爭時(shí)期，人們傾向于把政治問題暫置一邊。 What set her apart was that she had a lot of original ideas. 使她與眾不同的是，她有許多原創(chuàng)的主意。 What time will we have to set off/out for the station tomorrow? 我們明天必須什么時(shí)候開始出發(fā)去車站？ They set out to discover a cur

32、e for cancer. 他們著手來尋找癌癥的治愈辦法。 Be careful that you dont set the fireworks off by mistake.當(dāng)心點(diǎn), 別弄錯(cuò)了引起那些爆竹爆炸。 The rules of the club are set down in the members handbook. 這個(gè)俱樂部的規(guī)章制度被印在成員的手冊中。 A committee has been set up to organize social events in the college. 一個(gè)委員會被成立以組織大學(xué)的社交活動(dòng)。 We need to set up a me

33、eting to discuss the proposals. 我們需要組織一個(gè)會議來討論這些提議。 They claimed that they weren t selling drugs, but that theyd been set up by the police. 他們聲稱他們沒有賣毒品，他們是中了警方的圈套。 The accident has set them back several weeks.那次事故已使他們耽擱了幾個(gè)星期。 All their efforts at reform have been set back.他們所有的改革努力都遭受到挫折?？键c(diǎn) 13. take相

34、關(guān)短語take apart拆卸，拆開take after sb.（在外貌、性格上）像某人take down寫下，記下（別人所說的）take effect生效，起作用takefor granted想當(dāng)然，認(rèn)為是真實(shí)的；低估了的價(jià)值take sb. in欺騙某人take off休假；（事業(yè)）騰飛；脫衣；（飛機(jī)）起飛；take on展現(xiàn)出，呈現(xiàn)出 (begin to have a particular quality) take over接手，接管take sth. out on sb.拿某人出氣take up占去時(shí)間、空間、位置等；開始從事某項(xiàng)工作或活動(dòng)take chances碰運(yùn)氣，冒險(xiǎn) He takes after his mother. 他長得像他的母親。 International sanctions were beginning to take effect.國際制裁的效果開始顯現(xiàn)出來。 The traffic laws dont take effect until the end of the year. 交通法到年底才生效。 We have to re-educate the public about something they have always taken for grante