船舶專業(yè)課程設(shè)計(jì)的外文翻譯

1、華中科技大學(xué)文華學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯題 目： 3500t油船性能設(shè)計(jì) 學(xué) 生 姓 名： 鄭盼 學(xué)號(hào)：學(xué) 部 （系）:機(jī)械與電氣工程學(xué)部專 業(yè) 年 級(jí)：船舶與海洋工程2010級(jí)指 導(dǎo) 教 師：許 小 穎 職稱或?qū)W位：未來(lái)教授2014 年 3 月 7 日3500t油船性能設(shè)計(jì)按照物理支撐方式而劃分的船舶類型。就船舶分類而言，物理支撐形式是基本于船舶在設(shè)計(jì)情況下進(jìn)行的假定。船舶設(shè)計(jì)成在水上、水面或者水下工作，因此氣水交界面將用于參考數(shù)據(jù)。因?yàn)榍懊嫣岬降娜齻€(gè)區(qū)域的物理環(huán)境特性差異很大，設(shè)計(jì)成在這些區(qū)域工作的船舶的物理特性也不同。空氣靜力支撐：有兩種類型船舶是靠前身產(chǎn)生的空氣墊而支撐在海面之

2、上的。這些相對(duì)較輕的船舶具有很高的航速，因?yàn)榭諝庾枇h(yuǎn)小于水阻力，還有的原因是在告訴航行時(shí)不與海浪接觸以及采用的柔性密封連接減少了海浪的沖擊。這類船舶依靠鼓風(fēng)機(jī)在船底部形成一個(gè)低壓空氣墊。這個(gè)空氣墊必須足以支撐起水上船舶的重量。第一種類型船的四周具有柔性的“裙”，在船底圍成一個(gè)空氣墊，試船能完全升離水面。另外一種是具有剛性側(cè)壁或薄殼的氣墊型船，側(cè)壁伸到水面下，維持氣墊壓力所需的空氣流量就降低了。水動(dòng)力支撐：依靠水動(dòng)力支撐的船也只有兩種類型。水動(dòng)力是靠專門設(shè)計(jì)的水動(dòng)力板在水面下具有快速相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)而產(chǎn)生的。物理學(xué)原理表明任何帶來(lái)不對(duì)稱流體的運(yùn)動(dòng)物體都會(huì)在垂直于運(yùn)動(dòng)的方向上產(chǎn)生一個(gè)升力。正像具有機(jī)翼的

3、飛機(jī)在空氣中運(yùn)動(dòng)能產(chǎn)生升力一樣，通過一個(gè)穿過水面的支柱而固定在水下的木翼，其水動(dòng)力可以支撐一般船舶離開水面。靜水力支撐：是最古老的也是最可靠地支撐類型靜水力支撐。靜水力支撐通常稱為浮力，可以由公元前二世紀(jì)古代哲學(xué)及數(shù)學(xué)家阿基米德發(fā)現(xiàn)的物理定律來(lái)解釋。阿基米德定律指出，浸沒在液體中的物體將受到一個(gè)等一所排開的液體重量的浮力作用。這一定律適用于浮在水面或在下潛到水中的任何船。水包括海水和淡水。依據(jù)這一定律，這類船可以統(tǒng)稱為排水型船。最常見的是排水型船一般分類為通用海洋運(yùn)輸船，它們可以用作客運(yùn)、輕貨運(yùn)輸、拖網(wǎng)捕魚或各種不需要特殊艙容、速度、吃水、或其它特殊性能的其他業(yè)務(wù)。這類船最常見并很容易識(shí)別，具

4、有適度的排水量、航速、長(zhǎng)度和艙容。它們通常具有最大的航程和最好的適航性，屬于“全季節(jié)船”，是所有其它排水型船分類時(shí)重要參照的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。在這種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)船型中，最重要的船型是散裝油船，油船和其它超級(jí)油船，它們不僅在世界貿(mào)易中也在全球工業(yè)中扮演重要角色。這些船屬于排水型船，具有巨大的浮力支撐。當(dāng)滿載時(shí)其船體在水下有非常巨大的和不成比例的體積。事實(shí)上，貨物重量遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過船本身的重量。一艘滿載的VLCC的吃水或要求的水深在5060英尺之間，一艘ULCC大概要80英尺。這些船舶在排水型船舶中有專用的類型稱為深排水量船。另外還有一類排水型船具有大的吃水。類似于前面討論過的原油船，但吃水還沒有 超過它們。這類船稱為SW

5、ATH（小水線面雙體船）。簡(jiǎn)單地講，這類極少見的船型設(shè)計(jì)成在中等程度海況中具有高速和穩(wěn)定性的上體（上部結(jié)構(gòu)）。它們的未來(lái)是有疑問的，但在水面以下提供大多數(shù)排水體積，通過窄的立柱支撐水面以上的船體或甲板的理論是完善的，通過上層平臺(tái)而連接在一起的雙船體提供了必要的穩(wěn)性。The performance designing of 3500t oil tankerShips Typed According to Means of Physical Support.The mode of physical support by which vessels can be categorized assume

6、s that the vessel is operating under designed conditions. Ships are designed to operate above, on, or below the surface of the sea, so the air-sea interface will be used as the reference datum. Because the nature of the physical environment is quite different for the three regions just mentioned, th

7、e physical characteristics of ships designed to operate in those regions can be diverse.Aerostatic Support：There are two categories of vessels that are supported above the surface of the sea on a self-induced cushion of air. These relatively lightweight vehicles are capable of high speeds, since air

8、 resistance is considerably less than water resistance, and the absence of contact with small waves combined with flexible seals reduces the effects of wave impact at high speed. Such vessels depend on lift fans to create a cushion of low-pressure air in an underbody chamber. This cushion of air mus

9、t be sufficient to support the weight of the vehicle above the water surface.The first type of vessel has flexible “skirts” that entirely surround the air cushion and enable the ship to rise completely above the sea surface.The other type of air-cushion craft has rigid side walls or thin hulls that

10、extend below the surface of the water to reduce the amount of air flow required to maintain the cushion pressure.Hydrodynamic Support：There are also two types of vessels that depend on dynamic support generated by relatively rapid forward motion of specially designed hydrodynamic shapes either on or

11、 beneath the surface of the water. A principle of physics states that any moving object that can produce an unsymmetrical flow pattern generates a lift force perpendicular to the direction of motion. Just as an airplane with (airfoil) produces lift when moving through the air, a hydrofoil, located b

12、eneath the surface and attached by means of a surface piercing strut, can dynamically support a vessels hull above the water.Hydrostatic Support：there is the oldest and most reliable type of support, hydrostatic support.This hydrostatic support, commonly recognized as flotation, can be explained by

13、a fundamental physical law that the ancient philosopher-mathematician Archimedes defined in the second century B.C. Archimedes Principle states that a body immersed in a liquid is buoyed up (or acted upon) by a force equal to the weight of the liquid displaced.The most ubiquitous type of displacemen

14、t ship can be generally classified as the common carrier, a seagoing vessel. It may be employed for passenger service, light cargo-carrying, fishing by trawling or for hundreds of other tasks that do not require exceptional capacity, speed, submergence, or other special performance. It is the most c

15、ommon and easily recognizable type of ship, with moderate displacement, moderate speeds, moderate to large lengths, and moderate capacities. It usually embodies the maximum in cruising range and seaworthiness. It is the “ship for all seasons.” It is the standard to which all other ship classificatio

16、ns in the displacement category may be referred.The closest relative to this standard vessel, which plays a crucial role not only in world commerce but in the survival of the industrial world as well, is the bulk, oil carrier, the tanker, or supertanker. These terminologies are common but unspecific

17、, and in this discussion they are inadequate, for what was called a supertanker several years ago is today not a supertanker.Such vessels belong to a category of displacement ship that has a great range of buoyant support. They have a very large and disproportionate hull volume below the surface whe

18、n fully loaded. Indeed, the cargo weight far exceeds the weight of the ship itself. The draft or depth of water required for a fully loaded VLCC runs to 50 or 60 feet and the ULCC may be 80 feet. Such ships belong in the exclusive category of displacement vessels called deep displacement ships.There exists another type of displacement hull with extreme draft. However, it is similarit