新視野大學(xué)英語讀寫教程第二版文及翻譯分析解析

1、新視野大學(xué)英語3U1Love without limitationsMy brother, Jimmy, did not get enough oxygen during a difficult delivery, leaving him with brain damage, and two years later I was born. Since then, my life revolved around my brothers. Accompanying my growing up was always “go out and play and take your brother wit

2、h you”. I couldnt go anywhere without him, so I urged the neighborhood kids to come to my house for some out-of-control kid-centered fun. My mother taught Jimmy practical things like how to brush his teeth or put on belt. My father, a saint, simply held the house together with his patience and under

3、standing. I was in charge outside where I administered justice by tracking down the parents of the kids who picked on my brother, and telling on them. My father and Jimmy were inseparable. They ate breakfast together and on weekdays drove off to the navy shipping center every morning where they both

4、 worked-Jimmy unloaded color-coded boxes. At night after dinner, they would talk and play games late into the evening. They even whistled the same tunes. So when my father died of a heart attack in 1991, Jimmy was a wreck, beneath his careful disguise. He was simply in disbelief. Usually very agreea

5、ble, he now quit speaking altogether and no amount of words could penetrate the vacant expression he wore on his face. I hired someone to live with him and drive him to work, but no matter how much I tried to make things stay the same, even Jimmy grasped that the world hed known was gone. One day I

6、asked, ”You miss Dad, dont you?” His lips quivered and then he asked, “What do you think, Margaret? He was my best friend.” Our tears began flow. My mother died of lung cancer six months later and I alone was left to look after Jimmy. He didnt adjust to going to work without my father right away, so

7、 he came and lived with me in New York City for a while. He went wherever I went and seemed to adjust pretty well. Still, Jimmy longed to live in my parents house and work at his old job and I pledged to help him return. Eventually, I was able to work it out. He has lived there for 11 years now with

8、 many different caretakers and blossomed on his own. He has become essential to the neighborhood. When you have any mail to be picked up or your dog needs walking, he is your man. My mother was right, of course: It was possible to have a home with room for both his limitations and my ambitions. In f

9、act, caring for someone who loves as deeply and appreciates my efforts as much as Jimmy does has enriched my life more than anything else ever could have. This hit home a few days after the September 11th disaster on Jimmys 57th birthday. I had a party for him in my home in New York, but none of our

10、 family could join us because travel was difficult and they were still reckoning with the sheer terror the disaster had brought. I called on my faithful friends to help make it a merry and festive occasion, ignoring the fact that most of them were emotionally drained and exhausted. Instead of the cu

11、stomary “No gifts, please”, I shouted, “Gifts! Please!” My friends-people Jimmy had come to know over the years-brought the ideal presents: country music CDs, a sweatshirt, one leather belt with “J-I-M-M-Y” on it, a knitted wool hat and a cowboy costume. The evening led up to the gifts and then the

12、chocolate cake from his favorite bakery, and of course the ceremony wasnt complete without the singing. A thousand times Jimmy asked, ”Is it time for the cake yet?” After dinner and the gifts Jimmy could no longer be restrained. He anxiously waited for the candles to be lit and then blew them out wi

13、th one long breath as well all sang “Happy birthday”. Jimmy wasnt satisfied with our effort, though. He jumped up on the chair and stood erect pointing both index fingers into the air to conduct us and yelled, ”O(jiān)nemoretime!” We sang with all of the energy left in our souls and when we were finished

14、he put both his thumbs up and shouted. “ That was super!” We had wanted to let him know that no matter how difficult things got in the world, there would always be people who cared about him. We ended up reminding ourselves instead. For Jimmy, the love with which we sang was a welcome bonus, but mos

15、tly he had just wanted to see everyone else happy again. Just as my fathers death had changed Jimmys world overnight, September 11th changed our lives; the world wed known was gone. But, as we sang for Jimmy and held each tight afterward praying for peace around the world, we were reminded that the

16、constant love and support of our friends and family would get us through whatever life might present. The simplicity with which Jimmy had reconciled everything for us should not have been surprising. There had never been limitations to what Jimmys love could accomplish.無限的愛我哥哥吉米出生時(shí)遇上難產(chǎn)，因?yàn)槿毖鯇?dǎo)致大腦受損。兩年

17、后，我出生了。從此以后，我的生活便圍繞我哥哥轉(zhuǎn)。伴隨我成長的，是“到外面去玩，把你哥哥也帶上?！辈粠纤?，我是哪里也去不了的。因此，我慫恿鄰居的孩子到我家來，盡情地玩孩子們玩的游戲。我母親教吉米學(xué)習(xí)日常自理，比如刷牙或系皮帶什么的。我父親宅心仁厚，他的耐心和理解使一家人心貼著心。我則負(fù)責(zé)外面的事，找到那些欺負(fù)我哥哥的孩子們的父母，告他們的狀，為我哥哥討回公道。父親和吉米形影不離。他們一道吃早飯，平時(shí)每天早上一道開車去海軍航運(yùn)中心，他們都在那里工作，吉米在那搬卸標(biāo)有彩色代號(hào)的箱子。晚飯后，他們一道交談，玩游戲，直到深夜。他們甚至用口哨吹相同的曲調(diào)。所以，父親1991年因心臟病去世時(shí)，吉米幾乎崩潰

18、了，盡管他盡量不表現(xiàn)出來。他就是不能相信父親去世這一事實(shí)。通常，他是一個(gè)令人愉快的人，現(xiàn)在卻一言不發(fā)，無論說多少話都不能透過他木然的臉部表情了解他的心事。我雇了一個(gè)人和他住在一起，開車送他去上班。然而，不管我怎么努力地維持原狀，吉米還是認(rèn)為他熟悉的世界已經(jīng)消失了。有一天，我問他：“你是不是想念爸爸？”他的嘴唇顫抖了幾下，然后問我：“你怎么看，瑪格麗特？他是我最好的朋友?！苯又?，我倆都流下了眼淚。六個(gè)月后，母親因肺癌去世，剩下我一人來照顧吉米。吉米不能馬上適應(yīng)去上班時(shí)沒有父親陪著，因此搬來紐約和我一起住了一段時(shí)間。我走到哪里他就跟到哪里，他好像適應(yīng)得很好。但吉米依然想住在我父母的房子里，繼續(xù)干他

19、原來的工作。我答應(yīng)把他送回去。此事最后做成了。如今，他在那里生活了11年，在許多人的照料下，同時(shí)依靠自己生活得有聲有色。他已成了鄰里間不可或缺的人物。如果你有郵件要收，或有狗要遛，他就是你所要的人。當(dāng)然，母親的話沒錯(cuò)：可以有一個(gè)家，既能容納他的缺陷又能裝下我的雄心。事實(shí)上，關(guān)照像吉米這樣一個(gè)深愛又感激我的人，更加豐富了我的生活，其他任何東西都不能與之相比。這一點(diǎn)，在9·11災(zāi)難后幾天更顯真切。那天是吉米57歲生日。我在紐約自己的家里為他舉辦生日宴會(huì)，但是我們家的人都沒能來參加，因?yàn)榻煌ɡщy，而且災(zāi)難帶來的恐懼使他們依然心有余悸。我邀請(qǐng)了我的好友，請(qǐng)他們來幫忙把宴會(huì)弄得熱鬧些，增加點(diǎn)歡

20、快氣氛，沒去理會(huì)他們多數(shù)人在情感上都有些疲憊這一事實(shí)。于是我一反常態(tài)，沒說“請(qǐng)不要帶禮物”，而是向他們喊“請(qǐng)帶禮物來”。我的朋友吉米認(rèn)識(shí)他們多年了帶來了中意的禮物：鄉(xiāng)村音樂CD、一件長袖運(yùn)動(dòng)衫、一條有“吉米”字樣的皮帶、一頂編織的羊毛帽，還有一套牛仔服。那天晚上，我們先是送禮物，然后是切從他喜歡的面包店里買來的巧克力蛋糕，當(dāng)然還唱了“生日歌”，否則宴會(huì)就不算完整了。吉米一次次地問：“該切蛋糕了吧？”等用完餐和送完禮物后，吉米再也控制不住了。他焦急地等著點(diǎn)上蠟燭，然后在我們“生日快樂”的歌聲中，一口長氣吹滅了蠟燭。戶然而吉米對(duì)我們的努力還是感到不滿足。他縱身跳到椅子上，直挺著身子，雙手食指朝天，

21、一邊喊一邊指揮我們唱歌：“再來次！”我們?nèi)σ愿暗爻?。待我們唱完時(shí)，他翹起兩個(gè)拇指喊道：“好極了！”本來我們想讓他知道，無論世上有多難的事情，總是有人來關(guān)心他?，F(xiàn)在反倒是提醒了我們自己。對(duì)于吉米來說，我們唱歌時(shí)的愛心，是他心中額外的禮物，但是他原先更想看到的，是別人再次感到快樂。有如父親的去世一夜之間改變了吉米的世界，9·11也改變了我們的生活；我們熟悉的世界不復(fù)存在了。但是，當(dāng)我們?yōu)榧壮瑁嗷ゾo擁，祈禱全球和平時(shí)，我們也意識(shí)到，朋友、家人間永恒的愛和支持可以讓我們克服生活中的任何困難。吉米以樸素的方式為我們協(xié)調(diào)了眼前的一切，他做到這一點(diǎn)并不令人吃驚。吉米的愛可以征服一切，這是任

22、何東西都限制不了的。U2Iron and the Effects of ExerciseSports medicine experts have observed for years that endurance athletes, particularly females, frequently have iron deficiencies. Now a new study by a team of Purdue University researchers suggests that even moderate exercise may lead to reduced iron in th

23、e blood of women. "We found that women who were normally inactive and then started a program of moderate exercise showed evidence of iron loss," says Roseanne M. Lyle, associate professor at Purdue. Her study of 62 formerly inactive women who began exercising three times a week for six mon

24、ths was published in the journal Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. "Women who consumed additional meat or took iron supplements were able to bounce back," she notes. "But the new exercisers who followed their normal diet showed a decrease in iron levels."Iron defic

25、iency is very common among women in general, affecting one in four female teenagers and one in five women aged 18 to 45, respectively. But the ratio is even greater among active women, affecting up to 80 percent of female endurance athletes. This means, Lyle says, that "too many women ignore th

26、e amount of iron they take in". Women of child-bearing age are at greatest risk, since their monthly bleeding is a major source of iron loss. Plus, many health-conscious women increase their risk by rejecting red meat, which contains the most easily absorbed form of iron. And because women ofte

27、n restrict their diet in an effort to control weight, they may not consume enough iron-rich food, and are liable to experience a deficiency. "The average woman takes in only two thirds of the recommended daily allowance for iron," notes another expert. "For a woman who already has a p

28、oor iron status, any additional iron loss from exercise may be enough to tip her over the edge into a more serious deficiency," notes the expert.Exercise can result in iron loss through a variety of mechanisms. Some iron is lost in sweat, and, for unknown reasons, intense endurance exercise is

29、sometimes associated with bleeding of the digestive system. Athletes in high-impact sports such as running may also lose iron through a phenomenon where small blood vessels in the feet leak blood. There are three stages of iron deficiency. The first and most common is having low iron reserves, a con

30、dition that typically has no symptoms. Fatigue and poor performance may begin to appear in the second stage of deficiency, when not enough iron is present to form the molecules of blood protein that transport oxygen to the working muscles. In the third and final stage, people often feel weak, tired,

31、 and out of breath and exercise performance is severely compromised. "People think that if they're not at the third stage, nothing is wrong, but that's not true," says John L. Beard, who helped design the Purdue study. "You're not stage 3 until your iron reserves go to zer

32、o, and if you wait until that point, you're in trouble."However, most people with low iron reserves don't know they have a deficiency, because traditional methods of calculating the amount of iron in blood (by checking levels of the blood protein that transports oxygen) are not sufficie

33、nt, Beard states. Instead, it's important to check levels of a different compound, which indicates the amount of storage of iron in the blood. While active, child-bearing age women are most likely to have low iron stores, he notes, "Men are not safe, especially if they don't eat meat an

34、d have a high level of physical activity." (An estimated 15 percent of male long distance runners have low iron stores.) Beard and other experts say it's advisable for people in these groups to have a yearly blood test to check blood iron reserves.If iron levels are low, talk with a physici

35、an to see if the deficiency should be corrected by modifying your diet or by taking supplements. In general, it's better to undo the problem by adding more iron-rich foods to the diet, because iron supplements can have serious shortcomings. Supplements may produce a feeling of wanting to throw u

36、p, and may be poisonous in some cases. The best sources of iron, and the only sources of the form of iron most readily absorbed by the body, are meat, chicken, and fish. Good sources of other forms of iron include dates, beans, and some leafy green vegetables. "Select breads and cereals with th

37、e words 'iron-added' on the label," writes sports diet expert Nancy Clark. "This added iron supplements the small amount that naturally occurs in grains. Eat these foods with plentiful Vitamin C (for example, drink orange juice with cereal or put a tomato on a sandwich) to enhance

38、the amount of iron absorbed." Clark also recommends cooking in iron pans, as food can derive iron from the pan during the cooking process. "The iron content of tomato sauce cooked in an iron pot for three hours showed a striking increase, the level going up nearly 30 times," she write

39、s. And people who are likely to have low iron should avoid drinking coffee or tea with meals, she says, since substances in these drinks can interfere with iron being absorbed into the body."Active women need to be a lot more careful about their food choices," sums up Purdue's Lyle. &q

40、uot;If you pay attention to warning signs before iron reserves are gone, you can remedy the deficiency before it really becomes a problem."鐵與運(yùn)動(dòng)的關(guān)系運(yùn)動(dòng)醫(yī)學(xué)專家經(jīng)過多年的觀察，發(fā)現(xiàn)耐力運(yùn)動(dòng)員，特別是女性，經(jīng)常會(huì)缺鐵。普渡大學(xué)研究人員進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)新的研究表明：即使是適度的鍛煉，也可能會(huì)降低女性血液中的鐵含量?！拔覀儼l(fā)現(xiàn)，那些通常不運(yùn)動(dòng)的女性一旦開始適度的鍛煉，就會(huì)出現(xiàn)鐵含量下降的跡象，”普渡大學(xué)羅斯安妮·M. 萊爾副教授說。她對(duì)62名婦

41、女進(jìn)行了研究，并將研究結(jié)果發(fā)表在體育運(yùn)動(dòng)醫(yī)學(xué)與科學(xué)雜志上。這些婦女原先不怎么運(yùn)動(dòng)，后來開始了為期6個(gè)月、每周3次的鍛煉。萊爾指出：“那些增食肉類食品或服用鐵質(zhì)補(bǔ)劑的女性能夠恢復(fù)到健康狀態(tài)。但突然參加鍛煉卻仍沿用舊食譜的人則顯示出鐵含量降低?！比辫F在女性中是很常見的，每四個(gè)十幾歲的少女中有一人缺鐵，每五個(gè)18至45歲的女性中有一人缺鐵。而在積極鍛煉的婦女中這一比例更高，女耐力運(yùn)動(dòng)員中，缺鐵者比例則高達(dá)80%。萊爾說，這意味著 “太多女性忽視了自己攝入的鐵含量”。 育齡女性危險(xiǎn)最大，因?yàn)樵陆?jīng)是鐵流失的重要原因之一。此外，許多保健意識(shí)太強(qiáng)的女性也很危險(xiǎn)，因?yàn)樗齻兙芙^食用牛肉或羊肉，而這些肉中含有的鐵

42、最易被吸收。而且，由于女性常常為了控制體重而節(jié)食，從而未能攝取足夠的含鐵豐富的食物，結(jié)果可能導(dǎo)致缺鐵。另一名專家指出，“普通女性每天攝入的鐵只是應(yīng)攝入量的三分之二?！?他指出，“對(duì)于那些已經(jīng)缺鐵的女性，任何因鍛煉而產(chǎn)生的更多鐵質(zhì)流失都足以導(dǎo)致體內(nèi)缺鐵狀況的惡化?！边\(yùn)動(dòng)可能通過多種機(jī)制導(dǎo)致鐵流失。有些鐵隨汗液流失。另外，由于某些未知的原因，高強(qiáng)度的耐力運(yùn)動(dòng)有時(shí)會(huì)引起消化系統(tǒng)內(nèi)出血。運(yùn)動(dòng)員從事跑步之類高強(qiáng)度劇烈運(yùn)動(dòng)，也可能會(huì)因?yàn)樽悴垦苁а默F(xiàn)象而使鐵質(zhì)流失。缺鐵分為三個(gè)階段：第一也即最常見的階段，是鐵質(zhì)儲(chǔ)量不足。這一階段一般沒有癥狀。到了缺鐵的第二階段，就會(huì)出現(xiàn)疲倦和力不從心，此時(shí)體內(nèi)已沒有足夠

43、的鐵來形成血蛋白分子，將氧輸至運(yùn)動(dòng)肌肉。在第三即最后階段，人常常感到虛弱、疲乏無力、喘不過氣，運(yùn)動(dòng)成績大打折扣?！叭藗冋J(rèn)為，只要不到第三階段就不會(huì)有什么問題。這種想法是不對(duì)的?！?幫助設(shè)計(jì)普渡大學(xué)研究的約翰·L. 比爾德說?！爸挥挟?dāng)你的鐵儲(chǔ)量為零時(shí)，你才會(huì)進(jìn)入第三階段。而你若坐等到這個(gè)時(shí)候，你的麻煩就大了。”然而，比爾德指出，大多數(shù)鐵質(zhì)儲(chǔ)量低的人并未意識(shí)到自己缺鐵，因?yàn)閭鹘y(tǒng)的檢測血液中鐵含量的方法檢驗(yàn)血液中輸送氧氣的血蛋白的含量是不夠的。其實(shí)，有必要檢查血液中另一種混合成分的含量，它可以顯示血液中的鐵含量。他還指出，雖然積極鍛煉的育齡婦女最有可能鐵含量低，“但男性也并非不缺鐵，尤其是

44、在他們不吃肉類而又從事高強(qiáng)度的體力活動(dòng)的情況下?！?（估計(jì)有15%的男性長跑運(yùn)動(dòng)員鐵含量低。）比爾德和其他專家都說，對(duì)這些人而言，最好每年驗(yàn)一次血，以測定血液中的鐵含量。如果鐵含量低，就要去看醫(yī)生，以確定是否該通過調(diào)整飲食或服用鐵質(zhì)補(bǔ)劑來校正不足。一般說來，解決問題的最好方法是在食譜中增加含鐵豐富的食物，因?yàn)殍F質(zhì)補(bǔ)劑可能存在嚴(yán)重缺陷?！胺描F質(zhì)補(bǔ)劑可能使人想嘔吐，有時(shí)甚至還會(huì)引起中毒。最好的鐵來源，以及唯一最易為身體所吸收的鐵來源，是肉、雞和魚。其他較好的鐵質(zhì)來源包括棗、豆類和一些多葉綠色蔬菜?！薄斑x擇那些標(biāo)有加鐵字樣的面包和麥片，” 運(yùn)動(dòng)營養(yǎng)專家南希·克拉克寫道，“這些增加的鐵質(zhì)補(bǔ)

45、充了谷物中自然含鐵量的不足。將這些食物與含有大量維生素C的食物一起食用比如吃麥片時(shí)喝橘子汁，或在三明治內(nèi)夾上番茄可以促進(jìn)鐵質(zhì)吸收。” 克拉克還建議用鐵鍋烹食，因?yàn)榕胝{(diào)過程中食物能從鐵鍋中吸收鐵質(zhì)。她寫道，“在鐵鍋內(nèi)烹煮了3個(gè)小時(shí)的番茄汁，其鐵含量大大提高，增加到原來的30倍左右?！?她說，鐵含量可能低的人，吃飯時(shí)應(yīng)避免喝咖啡或飲茶，因?yàn)檫@些飲料中所含的物質(zhì)會(huì)妨礙身體對(duì)鐵質(zhì)的吸收?！斑\(yùn)動(dòng)女性應(yīng)特別注意選擇飲食?！逼斩纱髮W(xué)的萊爾總結(jié)說：“如果你在鐵含量流失之前就注意到了警告信號(hào)，你就可以在它真正成為問題之前彌補(bǔ)鐵質(zhì)的不足?！盪3Where Principles Come FirstThe Hyde

46、 School operates on the principle that if you teach students the merit of such values as truth, courage, integrity, leadership, curiosity and concern, then academic achievement naturally follows. Hyde School founder Joseph Gauld claims success with the program at the $18,000-a-year high school in Ba

47、th, Maine, which has received considerable publicity for its work with troubled youngsters. "We don't see ourselves as a school for a type of kid," says Malcolm Gauld, Joseph's son, who graduated from Hyde and is now headmaster. "We see ourselves as preparing kids for a way of

48、 life by cultivating a comprehensive set of principles that can affect all kids."Now, Joe Gauld is trying to spread his controversial Character First idea to public, inner-city schools willing to use the tax dollars spent on the traditional program for the new approach. The first Hyde public sc

49、hool program opened in September 1992. Within months the program was suspended. Teachers protested the program's demands and the strain associated with more intense work. This fall, the Hyde Foundation is scheduled to begin a preliminary public school program in Baltimore. Teachers will be train

50、ed to later work throughout the entire Baltimore system. Other US school managers are eyeing the program, too. Last fall, the Hyde Foundation opened a magnet program within a public high school in the suburbs of New Haven, Connecticut, over parents' protests. The community feared the school woul

51、d attract inner-city minority and troubled students.As in Maine the quest for truth is also widespread at the school in Connecticut. In one English class, the 11 students spend the last five minutes in an energetic exchange evaluating their class performance for the day on a 1-10 scale. "I get

52、a 10." "I challenge that. You didn't do either your grammar or your spelling homework." "OK, a seven." "You ought to get a six." "Wait, I put my best effort forth here." "Yeah, but you didn't ask questions today." Explaining his app

53、roach to education, Joe Gauld says the conventional education system cannot be reformed. He notes "no amount of change" with the horse and carriage "will produce an automobile".The Hyde School assumes "every human being has a unique potential" that is based on character

54、, not intelligence or wealth. Conscience and hard work are valued. Success is measured by growth, not academic achievement. Students are required to take responsibility for each other. To avoid the controversy of other character programs used in US schools, Gauld says the concept of doing your best

55、has nothing to do with forcing the students to accept a particular set of morals or religious values. The Hyde curriculum is similar to conventional schools that provide preparation for college, complete with English, history, math and science. But all students are required to take performing arts a

56、nd sports, and provide a community service. For each course, students get a grade for academic achievement and for "best effort". At Bath, 97% of the graduates attend four-year colleges. Commitment among parents is a key ingredient in the Hyde mixture. For the student to gain admissio

57、n, parents also must agree to accept and demonstrate the school's philosophies and outlook.The parents agree in writing to meet monthly in one of 20 regional groups, go to a yearly three-day regional retreat, and spend at least three times a year in workshops, discussion groups and seminars at B

58、ath. Parents of Maine students have an attendance rate of 95% in the many sessions. Joe and Malcolm Gauld both say children tend to do their utmost when they see their parents making similar efforts. The biggest obstacle for many parents, they say, is to realize their own weaknesses. The process for

59、 public school parents is still being worked out, with a lot more difficulty because it is difficult to convince parents that it is worthwhile for them to participate. Of the 100 students enrolled in New Haven, about 30% of the parents attend special meetings. The low attendance is in spite of commi

60、tments they made at the outset of the program when Hyde officials interviewed 300 families.Once the problems are worked out, Hyde should work well in public schools, says a teacher at Bath who taught for 14 years in public schools. He is optimistic that once parents make a commitment to the program, they will