英語專業(yè)八級人文知識匯編

1、美國概況練習(xí)題:1 The traditional dividing line in America between “east” and “west” is_.2 The earliest part in America to be found and taken over by early settlers is _.4 Before 2000, the largest minority group in the United States is_.5 _has the worlds oldest written constitution and political party.6 The

2、 economic problem caused by the depression in 1929 was eventually solved by_.7 In the United States, primary education requires_years.8 Most college students in the United States are in_institutions.9 The three main levels of courts of the federal judicial system in America are_. 10 _(which state is

3、 not governed by the common law.1. The Mississippi River, 密西西比河是美國傳統(tǒng)的東方和西方的分界線。2 .The Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain,最早被早期定居者發(fā)現(xiàn)和占領(lǐng)的地方是大西洋及其沿 岸平原。3 .Non-hispanics white, 非西班牙裔的白人是美國最大的種族群體。4 .African Americans, 2000年以前非裔美國人是美國最大的少數(shù)民族群體。 2000年以后, 拉丁裔美國人的人數(shù)超過了非裔美國人的人數(shù),成為美國第一大少數(shù)民族群體。5 .America, 美國擁有世界上

4、最古老的憲法和政黨。6. World War II, 第二次世界大戰(zhàn)的爆發(fā)幫助美國走出了經(jīng)濟(jì)困境。7. Six years, 美國的小學(xué)要花費大約六年的時間。8. Public, 大部分美國大學(xué)生都在公立學(xué)校就讀。9 .美國的聯(lián)邦法院系統(tǒng)包括:the United States District Courts; the United States Courts of Appeal ; the United States Supreme Court.10 .Louisana, 路易斯安娜州不受共同法的約束。美國概況練習(xí)題:1 Of the fifty states of America, _st

5、ates now have the death penalty as punishment.2 The four major regions of the United Sates are_.3 _ regions culture character was shaped largely by Puritan spirit.4 _is the largest state in terms of size and population in America.5" Hollywood " is often used as a synonym for_6 The most imp

6、ortant and largest river in the United States of America is_.7 The north-eastern part of the United States New England enjoys a _climate.8 To the west of mainland American lies the _ Ocean.9 Detroit, a U.S. city bordering Lake Erie, is famous for its_.10 The natives of the continent of the America a

7、re the_.1. 38, 美國現(xiàn)有 38個州懲罰罪犯采用死刑。2 . Northeast, South, Midwest and West, 美國的主要四大部分不包括北部。3. The New England Region, 美國的新英格蘭地區(qū) , 也就是東北部地區(qū)深受清教思想的影響4 . California ,加利福尼亞州是美國最大的州,擁有人口也最多。5 . American films,好萊塢是美國著名的電影制造地。6. the Mississippi River,美國最長的河流是密西西比河,也是美國最重要的一條河流。被 美國人視為 “ 眾河之父 ” ,沿河流域也是美國的主要農(nóng)作物

8、產(chǎn)區(qū)。7 . typical continental,美國東北部的新英格蘭地區(qū)是典型的大陸性氣候。冬天寒冷,夏天 炎熱。8 . Pacific Ocean, 美國東臨大西洋,西瀕太平洋,北接加拿大,南靠墨西哥及墨西哥灣9 . automobile industry, 底特律是美國著名的汽車城。10 . Indians , 美國的本土居民是當(dāng)?shù)氐挠〉诎踩恕Ｃ绹艣r練習(xí)題:1 . _is the largest city and the chief port of the United States.A . Washington D.CB . Los AngelesC . San Francisc

9、o D . New York City 2. _ enjoys the worst social and economic conditions.A . Blacks B . Hispanics C . Indians D . Asian Americans3 . Washington D.C. is named after_.A . the U.S. President George WashingtonB . Christopher ColumbusC . both George Washington and Christopher ColumbusD . none of them4 .

10、American and British English are two_ of the English language.A . varieties B . elements C . parts D . form 5. The first American president to be elected from the Republican Party was_.A . Thomas JeffersonB . James MonroeC . James MadisonD . Abraham Lincoln 6 . Of the fifty states, the smallest stat

11、e in area is_.A . Rhode IslandB . Virginia C . Texas D . Montana 7. The national flag of the United States is known as_.A . the Star-Spangled BannerB . Uncle SamC . Hot Dog D . Union Jack 8. The number of the Representatives from each American state depends on the _.A . contribution a state has made

12、 to the nation B . Population C . Size D . none of the above9 . The tern “Father of Waters” is used to refer to _.A . the Amazon River B. the Mississippi River C. the Nile River D. the Hudson River 10 The statue of liberty was given to American people by_ as a gift in 1884.A . France B . Spain C . I

13、taly D . Britain1 . D, 紐約是美國最大的城市同時也是最重要的經(jīng)濟(jì)中心和最主要的港口。2. A, 黑人在美國的經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會地位都最為低下。3 . C, 首都命名為華盛頓是為了紀(jì)念美國的第一任總統(tǒng)喬治 華盛頓,而聯(lián)邦直轄區(qū)命名為 哥倫比亞特區(qū)是為了紀(jì)念第一位從歐洲橫渡大西洋到達(dá)西半球的探險家克里斯多拂 哥倫 布。4. A, 美國英語和英國英語是英語語言的兩種變體。5. D, 美國歷史上的第一位共和黨總統(tǒng)是亞伯拉罕 林肯。6. A, 美國國土面積最小的是羅得島。7 . A, 美國的國旗是星條旗。8. B, 美國每個州派往眾議院的代表人數(shù)應(yīng)與本州人口成比例。9 . B, 美國的 “

14、 眾河之父 ” 指的是密西西比河。10. A, 美國的自由女神像是法國人贈予的禮物。英國概況練習(xí)題:1 Britain was the first country to industrialize because of the following factors except _.A Britain was well placed geographically to participate in European and world trade.B Britain had many rivers, which were useful for transport.C British engine

15、ers had sound training and the inventors were respected.D British government was increasingly interested in overseas and colonies after the 17th century. 2 The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy. The _ has very little power.A queen B monarch C prime minister D king3 Which party has always h

16、ad strong links with the trade unions and received financial support from them?A the Labor Party B the Conservative PartyC the Liberal Party D the Social Democratic Party4 On accepting _, the age of constitutional monarchy, of a monarchy with powers limited by Parliament, began.A Constitutional Law

17、B The Declaration of IndependenceC Civil Law D Bill of Rights5 Females were allowed to vote in national elections until _.A 1918 B 1916 C 1920 D 18966 The British North America Act of 1867 established _ as a domain.A Australia B Canada C New Zealand D India7 During World War II, as a war leader, _ r

18、eceived massive popular support and led his country to final victory in 1945.A Harold Wilson B Edward Heath C Franklin Roosevelt D Winston Churchill8 The Falkland Islands war was between Britain and _.A France B New Zealand C Argentina D Australia9 In Britain, a _ is held when a Member of Parliament

19、 dies, retires or resigns.A civic election B by-election C popular election D general election10 In the United Kingdom, ministers are appointed by the Queen on the recommendation of _. A the Lord Chancellor B the Monarch C the Prime Minister D the King1 D, 英國之所以能成為世界上最早開始工業(yè)化的國家 , 原因有很多。但英國是從 17世紀(jì)以后

20、逐步開始對海外貿(mào)易和開拓海外殖民地產(chǎn)生濃厚興趣的。2 B, 英國是君主立憲制國家,國王或女王(君主幾乎沒什么實質(zhì)性的權(quán)力。3 A, 保守黨和自由黨是英國最早成立的兩個黨派。大致來說,保守黨是中上層階級的黨, 它得到大公司財政上的支持; 而工黨, 主要得到工會的支持, 它的支持者主要是中產(chǎn)階級和 知識分子。4 D, 權(quán)利法案的簽署,標(biāo)志著英國進(jìn)入了君主立憲制時代,一個君主幾乎沒有什么實 質(zhì)性權(quán)力并受制于議會的時代。5 A, 直到 1918年婦女才在全國大選中享有選舉權(quán)。6 B, 1867年英國北美法案將加拿大納為它的自治領(lǐng)。7 D, 在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)中,當(dāng)時的英國首相丘吉爾作為戰(zhàn)爭統(tǒng)帥受到了英國

21、人民的廣泛擁 戴,并帶領(lǐng)英國人民贏得了戰(zhàn)爭的最后勝利。8 C, ?？颂m群島戰(zhàn)役是發(fā)生在英國和阿根廷著這兩個國家之間。位于大西洋南部的?？颂m 群島從 1892年起就是英國的海外殖民地, 1982年阿根廷開始控制這些島嶼, 但是英國最終打 敗了阿根廷,并重新占領(lǐng)了這些島嶼。9 B, 英國的下院議會成員中有人去世、退休或辭職時,就要進(jìn)行補(bǔ)缺選舉。10 C, 在英國,部長們是由首相推薦,女王加以任命的。英國概況練習(xí)題:1 How many members are there in the House of Commons?A 650 B 524 C 72 D 6512 Which of the fol

22、lowing people didnt use to be the British Prime Minister?A Margaret Thatcher B Winston Churchill C Horatio Nelson D John Major3 By tradition, the leader of the majority party is appointed _ by the Sovereign in the United Kingdom.A Prime Minister B Member of ParliamentC Lord of appeal D Speaker of th

23、e House4 The Tories were the forerunners of _, which still bears this nickname today.A the Labour Party B the Conservative PartyC the Liberal Party D the Social Democratic Party5 In the United Kingdom, the party which wins the _ number of seats in the House of Commons becomes the official Opposition

24、.A largest B second largest C third largest D fourth largest6 The term “British disease” is now often used to characterize Britains _ decline.A political B educational C military D economic7 The 1980s was remembered as the decade of _.A globalization B nationalization C privatization D competition8

25、Today, in Britain, _ is called a “sick” industry.A coal mining B iron and steel C textiles D shipbuilding9 The first steam engine was devised by Thomas Newcomer at the end of the 17th century, and the Scottish inventor _ modified and improved the design in 1765. AAbraham Darby B James Watt C John Ka

26、y D Richard Arkwrightthe10 _ created the industrial working class, the proletariat, and it later led to trade unionism. A The Chartist Movement B The Industrial RevolutionC The French Revolution D The Glorious Revolution1 D, 下議院共有 651名議員。2 C, 撒切爾夫人, 丘吉爾和梅杰都曾經(jīng)做過英國首相;而納爾遜(1758-1805 ,英國海軍統(tǒng) 帥,因作戰(zhàn)負(fù)傷,右眼失明

27、,失去右臂。后任地中海艦隊司令,在特法爾加角海戰(zhàn)中大敗西 班牙聯(lián)合艦隊,本人受重傷陣亡,號稱 Viscount Nelson。3 A, 在英國,按照傳統(tǒng),多數(shù)黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人由君主任命為首相,首相從本黨內(nèi)部挑選一些領(lǐng) 導(dǎo)人擔(dān)任各部部長職位。4 B, 托利黨是英國保守黨的前身。5 B, 在英國,在下議院中贏得第二席位的政黨為反對黨,它也有它自己的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和影子內(nèi)閣(shadow cabinet 。6 D, 現(xiàn)在 “ 英國病 ” 這一術(shù)語經(jīng)常用來指英國經(jīng)濟(jì)上的衰退。7 C, 正如 20世紀(jì) 40年代被看作是國有化的時代一樣, 20世紀(jì) 80年代被看作是私有化的時代。 包括英國石油、航空、鋼鐵、電訊在內(nèi)的幾乎

28、 40% 的國有公司實現(xiàn)了私有化。8 A, 英國煤礦業(yè)被稱為生病工業(yè)。英國的煤產(chǎn)量在一戰(zhàn)前達(dá)到頂點,如今的英國的煤礦業(yè) 衰退,從而導(dǎo)致礦工的數(shù)量、煤礦的總產(chǎn)量大大下降。9 B, 第一臺蒸汽機(jī)是 Thomas Newcomer 在 17世紀(jì)末設(shè)計的, 后來蘇格蘭發(fā)明家瓦特在 1765年對原有的設(shè)計進(jìn)行了改進(jìn)提高, 生產(chǎn)出了第一臺高效的蒸汽機(jī)并應(yīng)用到紡織和其他機(jī)械業(yè) 中。10 B, 工業(yè)革命產(chǎn)生了工人階級,即無產(chǎn)階級。后來形成了工會制度。英國概況練習(xí)題:1 _ is the key to Industrial Revolution.A Iron B Cotton Textile C Coal mi

29、ning D Steam engine2 _ became a literary current during the period of the successful Industrial Revolution.A Criticism B Modernism C Romanticism D Renaissance3 Modern football game began in _.A China B France C England D Germany4 _ is the leader of the British government.A Prime Minister B Queen C P

30、resident D Governor5 The second largest city in England, _ , is a metropolitan district and an industrial and manufacturing city.A Edinburgh B Belfast C Glasgow D Birmingham6 _ introduced Christianity into Britain.A The Celts B The Romans C The Viking Danes D The French7 The real power of the Britis

31、h government lies in _.A the House of CommonsB the cabinet headed by the Prime MinisterC the Prime MinisterD the Queen8 In Britain, education is compulsory for children between the ages of _ to _.A 5, 14 B 6, 17 C 5, 16 D 6, 149 The longest river in Britain is _ , and the largest river in the USA is

32、 _.A the Seven River; the Missouri RiverB the Thames River; the Missouri RiverC the Severn River; the MississippiD the Thames River; the Ohio River10 The general election in Britain is held every _ years.A four B three C six D five1 B, 紡織業(yè)的改革是英國工業(yè)革命的主要成就之一。2 C, 工業(yè)革命時期的主要文學(xué)流派是浪漫主義。3 C, 現(xiàn)代的足球運動起源于英國。

33、其正宗的老家在英格蘭, 19世紀(jì)興起。4 A, 英國的政體是君主立憲制。 國王(女王是國家元首,但政府的首領(lǐng)為首相。5 D, 英國的第二大城市伯明翰位于英格蘭中部平原,是國際化大都市,也是英國的工業(yè)和制造業(yè)中心。6 B, 公元 43年,羅馬人占領(lǐng)英國,其后統(tǒng)治了 400多年?；酵骄褪窃谶@一時期由羅馬人傳 入英國的。7 B, 君主立憲制下,國王的作用更側(cè)重于其象征意義,而實權(quán)為內(nèi)閣所有,內(nèi)閣由首相率 領(lǐng)。8 C, 英國的教育體系中的義務(wù)教育階段是 5-16歲,這是每一位學(xué)生在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)的最低年限。9 C, 英國最長的河是塞文河,全長 355公里,美國最長的河是密西西比河, 長 4000公里左 右

34、。10 D, 英國大選每 5年舉行一次。英國概況1.Which of the following tribes first came to Britain?A Roman B Anglo-Saxons C Jutes D Celts2.The Hundred Years War between Britain and France was fought _.A from 1327 to 1453 B from 1337 to 1453C from 1347 to 1453 C from 1357 to 14533.The Republic of Ireland became independe

35、nt in the year _A 1918 B 1920 C 1945 D 19494.The English Civil War is also called _A the Puritan Revolution B the second Magna Carta C the Long Parliament D the Anglican War 5.Britain is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the _ and the North Sea in the east,A east B south C

36、west D north6.The largest lake in Britain is _.A. Loch Lomond B the Lough Neagh C Windermere D Ullswater7.Where do the majority of people in Scotland live?A In the Highlands B In the central Lowlands C In the Uplands D In the west of Scotland8.In Britain only about _ of the population are farmers bu

37、t they manage 70% of the land area. A 2% B 3% C 4% D 5%9.The two important crops in Britain are _A barley and corn B wheat and rice C barley and oats D wheat and barley10.In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 _A can legally receive partly free educationB can legally receive completely free ed

38、ucationC can not receive free education at allD can not receive free education if their parents are rich1.D 凱爾特在公元前 700年到英國, 羅馬人在公元 1到 5世紀(jì)統(tǒng)治英國, 5世紀(jì)中期盎格魯撒克 遜人侵占英國,因此凱爾特人是最早踏入英國的。2.B 英法百年戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)于 1337年到 1453年間,中間還發(fā)生了黑死病。3.D 愛爾蘭共和國在 1949年獨立。4.A 英國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)于 1642年到 1646年間發(fā)生, 國王查爾斯與議會發(fā)生爭執(zhí), 實際上是國王與清教 徒之間的矛盾引起的,結(jié)果議會

39、勝利。5.B 英國南面與法國隔著英吉利海峽。6.B 英國最大的湖是內(nèi)伊湖,最長的河流是塞文河。7.B 蘇格蘭中低部適合人類生存,是蘇格蘭工業(yè)和人高度集中的地區(qū)。8.A 由于英國農(nóng)作業(yè)時的高度機(jī)械化,只需利用全國 2%的人口來耕作大面積農(nóng)地。9.D 小麥和大麥?zhǔn)怯钪匾那f稼。10.B 英國的義務(wù)教育是從 5歲到 16歲,所以期間的教育全部免費。練習(xí)題:1 Which of the following is the British oldest daily newspaper?A The Telegraph B The Guardian C The News of the World D Th

40、e Times2 The river Thames is in _.A Wales B Scotland C England D Northern Ireland3 The Industrial Revolution started in _.A the Great Britain B the United States C Canada D Austrilia4 Which of the following is true under Thatcher s administration?A The proportion of owner-occupation decreased.B Publ

41、ic housing became more important.C Many public houses were sold to people.D The UK became more European-like in its housing arrangement.5 Britain has its nuclear naval force since _.A its one of the developed countries in the worldB its a traditional sea powerC it has an advanced industryD its able

42、to produce submarines6 Which of the following is the oldest national Sunday newspaper in Britain?A The Times B The Guardian C The Observer D The Financial Times7 Big Ben was named after _.A Christopher Wren B Benjamin Hall C Ben John D G. Stephenson8 The Capital of Wales is _.A Swansea B Cardiff C R

43、honda D Belfast9 _ is Englands biggest naval base.A Portsmouth B Southampton C Plymouth D Dover10 There are two major national parties in Britain: the Conservative party and _.A the Liberal Party B the Democratic PartyC the Labour Party D the Republican Party1 D, 英國歷史上最悠久的日報是泰晤士報 。2 C, 泰晤士河位于英格蘭。3 A

44、, 工業(yè)革命最早從英國開始。4 C, 1979年撒切爾夫人成為英國第一任女首相。 她提出的政策稱被為 “ 撒切爾主義 ” 。 其內(nèi)容 包括國有企業(yè)私有化, 采用貨幣主義政策以控制通貨膨脹, 削弱工會的影響, 加強(qiáng)市場因素 在經(jīng)濟(jì)中的作用,將公有住房賣給公眾, 強(qiáng)調(diào)法律和秩序。在一定程度上講,她的計劃是成 功的。她領(lǐng)導(dǎo)英國經(jīng)濟(jì)度過了一段最繁華的時期。5 B, 英國擁有其海軍核力量與其一貫的霸主地位是密切相關(guān)的。6 C, 觀察家報創(chuàng)刊于 1791年,是英國創(chuàng)刊最早的星期日報紙。7 B, 據(jù)說 Big Ben 得名于它在 1859年修建時候的建造者 Benjamin Hall。8 B, 威爾士位于大

45、不列顛的西部。首府:加的夫。9 A, 英國最大的海軍基地是普茨茅斯。10 C, 英國奉行的是兩黨制。其兩大主要政黨是保守黨和工黨。英國概況練習(xí)題:1 Which name is NOT related to Britain?A Northern Ireland B Scotland C Wales D Toronto2 The news agency Reuters was founded in _.A London B Birmingham C Liverpool D Manchester3 The tower of London, a historical sight, located i

46、n the center of London, was built by _. A King Harold B Robin Hood C Oliver Cromwell D William the Conqueror4 Who were the ancestors of the English and the founders of England?A The Anglo-Saxon B The Normans C The Vikings D The Romans5 Which is the largest city in Scotland?A Cardiff B Edinburgh C Gl

47、asgow D Manchester6 In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 _.A can legally receive completely free educationB can legally receive partly free educationC cannot receive free education at allD cannot receive free education of their parents are rich7 The Industrial Revolution started in _.A the G

48、reat Britain B the United States C Canada D Australia8 What is the name of Britains highest mountain?A Anne Boleyn B Ben Nevis C Snowdonia D Scafell9 Which is the correct name to use to refer to Britain in a political way?A Great Britain B The British Isles C The United Kingdom D England10 Britain h

49、as, for centuries , been slowly tilting with _.A the North-West slowly rising and the South-East slowly sinkingB the North-East slowly rising and the South-West slowly sinkingC the South-East slowly rising and the North-west slowly sinkingD the South-West slowly rising and the North-East slowly sink

50、ing1 D, 多倫多屬于加拿大 , 與英國無關(guān)。2 A, 路透社創(chuàng)建于倫敦。3 D, 倫敦塔是 1078年為防止羅馬入侵由威廉大帝修建的。4 A, 英國民族的前身是安格魯薩克森人。5 C, 格拉斯格是蘇格蘭最大的城市和經(jīng)濟(jì)中心。6 A, 英國小孩 5 16歲的教育是免費的。7 A, 工業(yè)革命起源于英國。8 B, 本尼維斯山為英國最高峰。9 C, 提起英國,很多人會使用名字 “Britain” , “England” 或 “British” ,但這往往會惹惱蘇格蘭 人,威爾士人以及北愛爾蘭人。從政治角度來講, “the United Kingdom of Great Britain and N

51、orthern Ireland” 或 “the United Kingdom/UK” 是英國正確的叫法。 “the British Isles” 則是地理意義上的名字, 包括 Great Britain, the whole of Ireland (Northern and Southern , the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man 這些島嶼。10 A, 英國幾個世紀(jì)以來地勢一直在緩慢地傾斜,表現(xiàn)為西北部在慢慢上升,而東南部在慢 慢下沉,所以英國的西北部為高地。美國文學(xué)1.The Old Man and the Sea is one of the gr

52、eat works by _A Jack London B Charles Dickens C Samuel Coleridge D Ernest Hemingway2.In which novel can "Yahoo" be found?A John Bunyan's Pilgrim's ProgressB Edmund Spencer's The Faerie QueenC Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's TravelsD Henry Fielding's Tom Jones3.The Catch

53、er in the Rye is written by _A J.D. Salinger B Jack London C Flannery O'Connor D Saul Bellow4.The image of the famous "henpecked husband" is created by_A Washington Irving B Fennimore Cooper C Edith Wharton D William Dean Howells5.The literary spokesman of the Jazz is often thought to

54、be _A O'Neil B Pound C Robert Frost DScott Fitzgerald6._ is the most important person of the transcendental club.A Hawthorn B Whitman C Emerson D Hemingway7. The main theme of Emily Dickinson is the following except_A fridendship B love and marriage C life and death D war and peace8.Robert Frost

55、 is a famous _A novelist B playwright C poet D literary critic9.Dover Beach is written by _A Robert Browning B Alfred Tennyson C Mathew Arnold D Dylan Thomas10.The period from 1865-1914 has been referred to as the _ in the literary history of the United States.A Age of Realism B Age of Clasicalism C

56、 Age of Romanticism D Age of Renaissance1.D 老人與海是海明威的作品。2.C Jonathan Swift的 Gulliver's Travels(格列弗游記 中 yahoo 暗指人類,集人類丑陋面 于一身,服務(wù)于動物的一類生物。3.A The Catcher in the Rye(麥田里的守望者 是 J.D. Salinger(J.D. 賽琳格的名著。4.A henpecked husband 是指 “ 怕老婆的男人 ” ,改典型形象出自 Washington Irving 的 Rip Van Winkle 。5.D 二十世紀(jì)出現(xiàn) Jazz Age, 這一代的年輕人物欲膨脹, 沉迷酒色。 Scott Fitzgerald的 Great Gatsby 了不起的蓋茨比根據(jù)時代特征,對深深諷刺了所謂的美國夢。6.C Emerson是超驗主義的重要代表,所著 Nature 論自然代表了他的哲學(xué)觀。7.D Emily Dickinson(1709-1784 ,美國女詩人,終生未嫁。主要詩歌包括:I Could Not Sto for Death還有, I'm Nobody. Who Are You?詩歌主題為:愛情,自然,友誼,死亡與不朽。8.C