第二章四級(jí)翻譯(1)

1、英語(yǔ)應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作課英語(yǔ)應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作課程程 自自20132013年年1212月起，大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四六級(jí)的翻譯由原單句漢月起，大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四六級(jí)的翻譯由原單句漢譯英調(diào)整為段落漢譯英。翻譯內(nèi)容涉及中國(guó)的譯英調(diào)整為段落漢譯英。翻譯內(nèi)容涉及中國(guó)的歷史、文歷史、文化、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)發(fā)展化、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)發(fā)展等。等。四級(jí)四級(jí)翻譯段落長(zhǎng)度為翻譯段落長(zhǎng)度為140-160140-160個(gè)個(gè)漢字漢字，六級(jí)六級(jí)翻譯段落長(zhǎng)度為翻譯段落長(zhǎng)度為180200180200個(gè)漢字個(gè)漢字。 翻譯所占分值比例由原來(lái)的翻譯所占分值比例由原來(lái)的5%5%調(diào)整為調(diào)整為15%15%, ,考試考試時(shí)長(zhǎng)時(shí)長(zhǎng)由原來(lái)的由原來(lái)的5 5分鐘調(diào)整為分鐘調(diào)整為3030分鐘分鐘。以

2、前的六級(jí)考試大綱中并。以前的六級(jí)考試大綱中并未將翻譯作為一項(xiàng)獨(dú)立的技能進(jìn)行考核，翻譯部分主要未將翻譯作為一項(xiàng)獨(dú)立的技能進(jìn)行考核，翻譯部分主要考核學(xué)生運(yùn)用正確的詞匯和語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)的能力。而現(xiàn)在由考核學(xué)生運(yùn)用正確的詞匯和語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)的能力。而現(xiàn)在由單句漢譯英改為段落漢譯英，顯然提高了對(duì)翻譯能力的單句漢譯英改為段落漢譯英，顯然提高了對(duì)翻譯能力的要求，從對(duì)要求，從對(duì)“點(diǎn)點(diǎn)”的考查轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閷?duì)的考查轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閷?duì)“面面”的考查，這不的考查，這不僅要求考生有良好的詞匯和語(yǔ)法基礎(chǔ)，也要求考生能夠僅要求考生有良好的詞匯和語(yǔ)法基礎(chǔ)，也要求考生能夠合理拆分、組合段落信息，最終按照英語(yǔ)的慣用思維翻合理拆分、組合段落信息，最終按照英語(yǔ)

3、的慣用思維翻譯出整個(gè)段落，對(duì)很少練習(xí)翻譯的考生來(lái)說(shuō)這道題很可譯出整個(gè)段落，對(duì)很少練習(xí)翻譯的考生來(lái)說(shuō)這道題很可 能成為失分的地方。能成為失分的地方。 能在閱讀難度與課文相仿的書(shū)面材料時(shí)做筆記，回答問(wèn)題，寫(xiě)提綱和摘要，能就一定的話(huà)題，提綱，表格或圖示在半小時(shí)內(nèi)寫(xiě)出不少于120詞的短文，能寫(xiě)日常應(yīng)用文（信函，簡(jiǎn)歷），內(nèi)容完整，條理清晰，文理通順。 共1題，考試時(shí)間30分鐘。要求考生寫(xiě)出一篇120-180詞的短文，試卷上可能給出題目，或規(guī)定情景，或要求看圖作文，或給出段首句要求續(xù)寫(xiě)；或給出關(guān)鍵詞要求寫(xiě)成短文。要求能夠正確表達(dá)思想，意義連貫，無(wú)重大語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤。寫(xiě)作的內(nèi)容包括日常生活和一般常識(shí)。短文寫(xiě)作部分

4、的目的是測(cè)試學(xué)生運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)書(shū)面表達(dá)思想的初步能力。 能在閱讀難度與課文相仿的書(shū)面材料時(shí)做筆記，回答問(wèn)題，寫(xiě)提綱和摘要，能就一定的話(huà)題，提綱，表格或圖示在半小時(shí)內(nèi)寫(xiě)出不少于180詞的短文，能寫(xiě)日常應(yīng)用文（信函，簡(jiǎn)歷），內(nèi)容完整，條理清晰，文理通順。 共1題，考試時(shí)間30分鐘。要求考生寫(xiě)出一篇180-200詞的短文，試卷上可能給出題目，或規(guī)定情景，或要求看圖作文，或給出段首句要求續(xù)寫(xiě)；或給出關(guān)鍵詞要求寫(xiě)成短文。要求能夠正確表達(dá)思想，意義連貫，無(wú)重大語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤。寫(xiě)作的內(nèi)容包括日常生活和一般常識(shí)。短文寫(xiě)作部分的目的是測(cè)試學(xué)生運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)書(shū)面表達(dá)思想的初步能力。 主要測(cè)試學(xué)生能否把漢語(yǔ)意思轉(zhuǎn)用英語(yǔ)翻譯出來(lái)。 形

5、式：段落分值：15分鐘比例：15%長(zhǎng)度：140-160字內(nèi)容：中國(guó)的歷史、文化、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)發(fā)展等（1）詞匯：政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、教育、文化 、歷史、科技等（2）常識(shí)：百科常識(shí)（3）句子結(jié)構(gòu)（簡(jiǎn)單句+復(fù)合句+比較句+狀語(yǔ)從句+強(qiáng)調(diào)句+倒裝句）（4）翻譯技巧基本句型一基本句型一 Subject(Subject(主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)) ) Verb(Verb(謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)) ) 基本句型二基本句型二 Subject(Subject(主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)) ) Link.V(Link.V(系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞) ) Predicate(Predicate(表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)) ) 基本句型三基本句型三 Subject(Subject(主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)) ) Ve

6、rb(Verb(謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)) ) Object(Object(賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)) ) 基本句型四基本句型四 Subject(Subject(主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)) )Verb(Verb(謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)) ) Indirect object(Indirect object(間間接賓語(yǔ)接賓語(yǔ)) )Direct object (Direct object (直接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)) ) 基本句型五基本句型五 Subject(Subject(主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)) )Verb (Verb (動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞) )Object (Object (賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)) )Complement(Complement(補(bǔ)語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)) )基本句型六基本句型六 There be

7、There be 句式句式（1）七八千年前的新石器時(shí)代，黃河流域的居民開(kāi)始制作陶器。At the New Stone Age seven or eight thousand years ago, the inhabitants of the Yellow River Basin began to make pottery/porcelain/chinaware.（2）在明清兩代，瓷器生產(chǎn)達(dá)到頂峰。在這兩個(gè)時(shí)期，幾乎整個(gè)瓷器業(yè)都集中在江南景德鎮(zhèn)。Chinaware reached the peak of excellence in Ming and Qing Dynasties, during

8、which almost the whole/entire china manufacture/industry was concentrated in Jinde Town, Jiangxi Province.（3）明朝，瓷器被大量運(yùn)往中東和近東地區(qū)。In Ming Dynasty, porcelain was shipped to Middle East and Near East.（4）在清末，政局動(dòng)蕩不可避免地對(duì)藝術(shù)造成影響，所以中國(guó)瓷器的質(zhì)量開(kāi)始下降。In Qing Dynasty, the unstable political scene unavoidably affected

9、the arts, which brought a decline on the quality of porcelain.（5）但是現(xiàn)在，隨著中國(guó)文化在國(guó)外越來(lái)越受到認(rèn)可，瓷器生產(chǎn)得到復(fù)興。However, at present, the porcelain manufacture is rebounding for Chinese culture is gaining more and more recognition abroad.（1）京劇是中國(guó)式戲劇一種，興起于19世紀(jì)中期，到清朝達(dá)到鼎盛時(shí)期。Peking opera is a kind of Chinese opera, whic

10、h arose in mid-19 century and reached its great prosperity in the Qing Dynasty.（2）它被看成是中國(guó)藝術(shù)的瑰寶。It has been regarded as the treasure of Chinese arts.（3）獨(dú)樹(shù)一幟的京劇根植于博大精深的中華藝術(shù)。The unique artistic values of Peking Opera has been rooted deeply in broad and profound Chinese culture.（4）但是現(xiàn)在京劇不受到大家喜愛(ài)，噬需搶救、保護(hù)、

11、繼承。However, Peking opera has lost its popularity among the public and need to be rescued, protected and inherited.（5）當(dāng)前的關(guān)鍵在于增強(qiáng)民族文化的自覺(jué)意識(shí)，建立民族文化自信，開(kāi)掘京劇文化的現(xiàn)代價(jià)值，為優(yōu)化人類(lèi)文明提高精神糧食。Nowadays, the key point is to strengthen the sense of awareness of our national culture, establish the confidence of national cul

12、ture, explore the modern value of Peking opera to optimize human civilization and enhance soul food for our human beings.（1）中國(guó)是龍獅運(yùn)動(dòng)的發(fā)源地。China is the home of Dragon Dance and Lion Dance.（2）舞龍舞獅一直深受各族人民的喜愛(ài)。,which have been welcome by all ethnic groups.（3）它們長(zhǎng)盛不衰，并由此形成燦爛的龍獅文化。They have thrived for gener

13、ations and formed a glorious dragon and lion culture.（4）長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，很多年青朋友都以為舞龍、舞獅就是春節(jié)、廟會(huì)、慶典時(shí)的喜慶表演，殊不知它經(jīng)歷了幾千年的傳承演變，積淀了深厚的歷史文化，是祖先留給我們的及其寶貴的文化遺產(chǎn)。Many young people know that the dragon or lion dance performed during festivals such as Spring Festival, Temple Fairs and celebrations.But they do not know that af

14、ter several thousand years the two activities have accumulated thick historical cultures and are extremely valuable cultural heritages handed down from our ancestors.【翻譯原文】 泥塑（clay sculpture)藝術(shù)是中華民間藝術(shù)的一種。民間藝人用天然的或廉價(jià)的材料，能夠做出精美小巧的工藝品，博得民眾的喜愛(ài)。雖然泥塑并非以科技含量而論，但是它確實(shí)在人們生活中增加新的亮點(diǎn)。在高科技迅猛發(fā)展的今天，這種藝術(shù)形式是人們追求返璞歸真的

15、具體寫(xiě)照，同時(shí)也是當(dāng)今人們追求時(shí)尚、個(gè)性的一種體現(xiàn)。 Clay sculpture art is a kind of Chinese folk art. The folk Clay sculpture art is a kind of Chinese folk art. The folk artisans/ handicraftsmen use natural or cheap materials but artisans/ handicraftsmen use natural or cheap materials but can make small and exquisite artifa

16、cts, gaining popularity with can make small and exquisite artifacts, gaining popularity with common people. Though clay sculptures are not common people. Though clay sculptures are not technologically evolved, they bring highlights to peoples technologically evolved, they bring highlights to peoples

17、 lives. Today, with high technology developing rapidly, lives. Today, with high technology developing rapidly, reflection upon this art form allows people to return to an reflection upon this art form allows people to return to an original simplicity and allows for a manifestation of fashion origina

18、l simplicity and allows for a manifestation of fashion and individuality.and individuality.【翻譯原文】 造紙術(shù)是中國(guó)四大發(fā)明之一。在造紙術(shù)發(fā)明之前，中國(guó)人把字刻在或?qū)懺谝恍┯闷饋?lái)非常笨重或昂貴的東西上，比如龜甲和絹帛上。直到東漢時(shí)期，名叫蔡倫的官員發(fā)明了既適用于書(shū)寫(xiě)有非常便宜的紙張。之后，造紙術(shù)經(jīng)由絲綢之路向東亞、西亞以及世界其他地區(qū)傳播。紙的發(fā)明極大方便了信息的儲(chǔ)存和交流，對(duì)于推動(dòng)世界文明的發(fā)展具有重大的意義。 Papermaking is one of the four greatest inven

19、tions in ancient Papermaking is one of the four greatest inventions in ancient China. Before papermaking technology was invented, the China. Before papermaking technology was invented, the Chinese carved or wrote characters on something heavy to use Chinese carved or wrote characters on something he

20、avy to use or expensive, such as tortoise shells and silk. Till Eastern Han or expensive, such as tortoise shells and silk. Till Eastern Han Dynasty, an official named Dynasty, an official named CaiCai LunLun created paper, which was created paper, which was suitable for writing and also cheap. Late

21、r, the papermaking suitable for writing and also cheap. Later, the papermaking technique was spread to West and East Asia as well as other technique was spread to West and East Asia as well as other parts of the world via Silk Road. The invention of paper parts of the world via Silk Road. The invent

22、ion of paper provides a convenient way for the storage and communication provides a convenient way for the storage and communication of information, and also has an epoch-making significance on of information, and also has an epoch-making significance on the promotion of the development of global ci

23、vilization.the promotion of the development of global civilization.【翻譯原文】 扇子在中國(guó)有三四千的悠久歷史。一開(kāi)始，扇子并不是用于降溫，而是用于為外出的帝王遮陽(yáng)和擋沙。經(jīng)過(guò)幾千年的發(fā)展，扇子有幾百種，比如常見(jiàn)的折扇、羽毛扇、絹扇等。在歷史上，中國(guó)生產(chǎn)的扇子被賣(mài)到日本、歐洲和美國(guó)，在這些地方中國(guó)扇子對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)厣茸由a(chǎn)和宮廷典禮產(chǎn)生了一定的影響。Fans enjoy a long history of about 3 to 4 thousand years in Fans enjoy a long history of about

24、3 to 4 thousand years in China. Fans, originally, were not used for cool, but for China. Fans, originally, were not used for cool, but for sheltering from the sun and keeping off sands for emperors sheltering from the sun and keeping off sands for emperors during their outgoing inspections. After se

25、veral thousand years during their outgoing inspections. After several thousand years of development, fans were developed into several hundred of development, fans were developed into several hundred types, like familiar ones as folding fans, feather fans and silk types, like familiar ones as folding

26、 fans, feather fans and silk fans, etc. In the history, fans made in China were sold to Japan fans, etc. In the history, fans made in China were sold to Japan and European and American countries, where Chinese fans and European and American countries, where Chinese fans exerted certain influences on

27、 local fan-production and palace exerted certain influences on local fan-production and palace rites.rites.（1 1）和平和穩(wěn)定是發(fā)展的前提和基礎(chǔ)。）和平和穩(wěn)定是發(fā)展的前提和基礎(chǔ)。 Peace and stability form/is the prerequisite and foundation for Peace and stability form/is the prerequisite and foundation for development.development.(2)(

28、2)上個(gè)世紀(jì)，人類(lèi)經(jīng)歷了兩次世界大戰(zhàn)，人類(lèi)苦不堪言，經(jīng)濟(jì)上個(gè)世紀(jì)，人類(lèi)經(jīng)歷了兩次世界大戰(zhàn)，人類(lèi)苦不堪言，經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展遭受?chē)?yán)重挫折。社會(huì)發(fā)展遭受?chē)?yán)重挫折。The two world wars in the last century caused mankind untold The two world wars in the last century caused mankind untold sufferings and economic and social development severe setbacks.sufferings and economic and social deve

29、lopment severe setbacks.(3)(3)第二次世界大戰(zhàn)結(jié)束以來(lái)，世界經(jīng)濟(jì)能夠快速增長(zhǎng)，主要得第二次世界大戰(zhàn)結(jié)束以來(lái)，世界經(jīng)濟(jì)能夠快速增長(zhǎng)，主要得益于相對(duì)和平穩(wěn)定的國(guó)際環(huán)境。益于相對(duì)和平穩(wěn)定的國(guó)際環(huán)境。It is mainly due to the relatively peaceful and stable internaional It is mainly due to the relatively peaceful and stable internaional environment that the world economy has been able to gr

30、ow at a environment that the world economy has been able to grow at a fast pace in the post-war era.fast pace in the post-war era.（4 4）我們應(yīng)該恪守聯(lián)合國(guó)憲章宗旨和原則，充分發(fā)揮聯(lián)）我們應(yīng)該恪守聯(lián)合國(guó)憲章宗旨和原則，充分發(fā)揮聯(lián)合國(guó)及其安理會(huì)在維持和平、締造和平、建設(shè)和平方面的合國(guó)及其安理會(huì)在維持和平、締造和平、建設(shè)和平方面的核心作用。核心作用。 We should abide by the purposes and principles of the We sh

31、ould abide by the purposes and principles of the UN Charter and bring into full play the central role of the UN Charter and bring into full play the central role of the United Nations and its Security Council in peace-keeping, United Nations and its Security Council in peace-keeping, peace-making an

32、d peace-building.peace-making and peace-building.(5)(5)堅(jiān)持通過(guò)對(duì)話(huà)和協(xié)商，以和平方式解決國(guó)際爭(zhēng)端。堅(jiān)持通過(guò)對(duì)話(huà)和協(xié)商，以和平方式解決國(guó)際爭(zhēng)端。We should seek peaceful settlement of international We should seek peaceful settlement of international disputes through dialogue and consultation.disputes through dialogue and consultation.（1 1）在使自己和他

33、人快樂(lè)這方面，很多人都過(guò)高地估計(jì)金錢(qián)的）在使自己和他人快樂(lè)這方面，很多人都過(guò)高地估計(jì)金錢(qián)的重要性。重要性。 A vast array of individuals seriously overrate the importance of A vast array of individuals seriously overrate the importance of money in making themselves and others happy.money in making themselves and others happy.(2)(2)但實(shí)際上，你并不需要成為百萬(wàn)富翁才會(huì)感到幸福

34、快樂(lè)。但實(shí)際上，你并不需要成為百萬(wàn)富翁才會(huì)感到幸福快樂(lè)。But actually, you dont need millions to be happy.But actually, you dont need millions to be happy.(3)(3)專(zhuān)家們認(rèn)為，大約只有專(zhuān)家們認(rèn)為，大約只有15%15%的幸福感來(lái)自于收入、財(cái)產(chǎn)和其的幸福感來(lái)自于收入、財(cái)產(chǎn)和其他的經(jīng)濟(jì)因素，而他的經(jīng)濟(jì)因素，而90%90%則來(lái)自于態(tài)度、支配生活的能力和人際則來(lái)自于態(tài)度、支配生活的能力和人際關(guān)系等。關(guān)系等。Experts say only about 15 percent of happiness com

35、es from Experts say only about 15 percent of happiness comes from income, assets and other financial factors, while as much as 90 income, assets and other financial factors, while as much as 90 percent comes from elements such as attitude, life control and percent comes from elements such as attitud

36、e, life control and relationships.relationships.（4 4）研究表明，一旦基本需求得到滿(mǎn)足，額外的財(cái)富并）研究表明，一旦基本需求得到滿(mǎn)足，額外的財(cái)富并不能增添多少幸福。不能增添多少幸福。 Studies show that once the basic needs are met, Studies show that once the basic needs are met, additional wealth adds very little to happiness.additional wealth adds very little to h

37、appiness.（1）家庭是社會(huì)的）家庭是社會(huì)的“基本細(xì)胞基本細(xì)胞”，也是對(duì)人類(lèi)社會(huì)產(chǎn)生重要影響的，也是對(duì)人類(lèi)社會(huì)產(chǎn)生重要影響的個(gè)體單位。個(gè)體單位。 Family is the “basic cell” of a society and is also an individual unit that could have an important impact on human society.(2)上世紀(jì)上世紀(jì)80年代以來(lái)，全世界家庭數(shù)目急劇增加，家庭規(guī)模日趨縮年代以來(lái)，全世界家庭數(shù)目急劇增加，家庭規(guī)模日趨縮小，離婚率普遍上升，人口老齡化問(wèn)題日益嚴(yán)重，人們的家庭觀念小，離婚率普遍上升，人口

38、老齡化問(wèn)題日益嚴(yán)重，人們的家庭觀念也在發(fā)生變化。也在發(fā)生變化。Since 1980s, the number of families across the whole world has been increasing dramatically, the family scale has been downsizing gradually, the divorce rate has been ascending generally, the aging of the population has become increasingly serious and peoples family va

39、lues have been undergoing changes.(3)家庭所發(fā)生的深刻變化給社會(huì)發(fā)展帶來(lái)巨大沖擊，需要家庭所發(fā)生的深刻變化給社會(huì)發(fā)展帶來(lái)巨大沖擊，需要國(guó)際社會(huì)更多關(guān)注。國(guó)際社會(huì)更多關(guān)注。The profound changes happening in families have weighed heavily on the development of our society, which needs great attention from international community.（1 1）龍的文化存在于東西方世界中。但是龍?jiān)谥袊?guó)和在）龍的文化存在于東西方世界中

40、。但是龍?jiān)谥袊?guó)和在西方文化中的名聲不同。西方文化中的名聲不同。 Dragon culture exists on both the Easton world and the Dragon culture exists on both the Easton world and the Western world. However, dragons have different Western world. However, dragons have different reputation in Western culture and in Chinese culture.reputation

41、in Western culture and in Chinese culture.(2)(2)他們通常長(zhǎng)有翅膀，口能?chē)娀?。他們通常長(zhǎng)有翅膀，口能?chē)娀?。They usually have wings and can send out fire from They usually have wings and can send out fire from mouths.mouths.(3)(3)龍深深根植于中國(guó)文化中，所以中國(guó)人經(jīng)常視自己為龍深深根植于中國(guó)文化中，所以中國(guó)人經(jīng)常視自己為“龍的傳人龍的傳人”。Dragons are deeply rooted in Chinese culture,

42、 so the Dragons are deeply rooted in Chinese culture, so the Chinese often consider themselves as “the descendants of Chinese often consider themselves as “the descendants of the gragon”.the gragon”.(4)(4)在中國(guó)文化中，龍大度、聰慧。在中國(guó)文化中，龍大度、聰慧。 In Chinese culture, dragons are generous and wise.In Chinese cultu

43、re, dragons are generous and wise.(5)(5)它們與古代皇室密切聯(lián)系。它們與古代皇室密切聯(lián)系。They are closely connected with the ancient royal family.They are closely connected with the ancient royal family.(6)(6)根據(jù)民間信仰，如果你在龍年出生，你會(huì)成為一名睿根據(jù)民間信仰，如果你在龍年出生，你會(huì)成為一名睿智、勇敢的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者。智、勇敢的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者。According to the popular belief, if you are born in

44、the According to the popular belief, if you are born in the year of gragon, you will be an intelligent and brave leader.year of gragon, you will be an intelligent and brave leader.（1 1）中國(guó)和其他國(guó)家之間的一些文化差異無(wú)關(guān)緊要，也）中國(guó)和其他國(guó)家之間的一些文化差異無(wú)關(guān)緊要，也無(wú)害處。無(wú)害處。 Some cultural differences between China and other Some cultur

45、al differences between China and other cuntries are trivial and harmless.cuntries are trivial and harmless.(2)(2)他們不會(huì)給相關(guān)人員帶來(lái)很多麻煩。他們不會(huì)給相關(guān)人員帶來(lái)很多麻煩。They would not bring much trouble to people involved,They would not bring much trouble to people involved,(3)(3)但是在一些情況下，缺少文化敏感性會(huì)很令人不快。但是在一些情況下，缺少文化敏感性會(huì)很令人

46、不快。，but in some cases, such lack of cultural sensitivity could but in some cases, such lack of cultural sensitivity could be annoying.be annoying.(4)(4)例如，對(duì)西方來(lái)說(shuō)，隱私非常重要。例如，對(duì)西方來(lái)說(shuō)，隱私非常重要。For Western people, for example, privacy is important.For Western people, for example, privacy is important.(5)(5)人們

47、通常不會(huì)問(wèn)彼此的婚姻狀況。人們通常不會(huì)問(wèn)彼此的婚姻狀況。 People generally do not ask each other about their People generally do not ask each other about their marriage status or salary level.marriage status or salary level.(6)(6)但是對(duì)很多中國(guó)人來(lái)說(shuō)，他們還沒(méi)有培養(yǎng)起像西方人但是對(duì)很多中國(guó)人來(lái)說(shuō)，他們還沒(méi)有培養(yǎng)起像西方人那樣的隱私感。那樣的隱私感。But for many Chinese, they are yet to d

48、evelop a sense of But for many Chinese, they are yet to develop a sense of privacy in Western sense.privacy in Western sense.(7)(7)因此，一些中國(guó)人在問(wèn)外國(guó)朋友能掙多少錢(qián)時(shí)會(huì)顯得因此，一些中國(guó)人在問(wèn)外國(guó)朋友能掙多少錢(qián)時(shí)會(huì)顯得十分無(wú)禮。十分無(wú)禮。Therefore, some Chinese may be seen as being rude when Therefore, some Chinese may be seen as being rude when the

49、y ask their Western friends about how much they earn.they ask their Western friends about how much they earn.（1 1）中國(guó)和其他國(guó)家之間的一些文化差異無(wú)關(guān)緊要，也）中國(guó)和其他國(guó)家之間的一些文化差異無(wú)關(guān)緊要，也無(wú)害處。無(wú)害處。 Some cultural differences between China and other Some cultural differences between China and other cuntries are trivial and harmles

50、s.cuntries are trivial and harmless.(2)(2)他們不會(huì)給相關(guān)人員帶來(lái)很多麻煩。他們不會(huì)給相關(guān)人員帶來(lái)很多麻煩。They would not bring much trouble to people involved,They would not bring much trouble to people involved,(3)(3)但是在一些情況下，缺少文化敏感性會(huì)很令人不快。但是在一些情況下，缺少文化敏感性會(huì)很令人不快。，but in some cases, such lack of cultural sensitivity could but in s

51、ome cases, such lack of cultural sensitivity could be annoying.be annoying.(4)(4)例如，對(duì)西方來(lái)說(shuō)，隱私非常重要。例如，對(duì)西方來(lái)說(shuō)，隱私非常重要。For Western people, for example, privacy is important.For Western people, for example, privacy is important.(5)(5)人們通常不會(huì)問(wèn)彼此的婚姻狀況。人們通常不會(huì)問(wèn)彼此的婚姻狀況。 People generally do not ask each other abo

52、ut their People generally do not ask each other about their marriage status or salary level.marriage status or salary level.(6)(6)但是對(duì)很多中國(guó)人來(lái)說(shuō)，他們還沒(méi)有培養(yǎng)起像西方人但是對(duì)很多中國(guó)人來(lái)說(shuō)，他們還沒(méi)有培養(yǎng)起像西方人那樣的隱私感。那樣的隱私感。But for many Chinese, they are yet to develop a sense of But for many Chinese, they are yet to develop a sense

53、 of privacy in Western sense.privacy in Western sense.(7)(7)因此，一些中國(guó)人在問(wèn)外國(guó)朋友能掙多少錢(qián)時(shí)會(huì)顯得因此，一些中國(guó)人在問(wèn)外國(guó)朋友能掙多少錢(qián)時(shí)會(huì)顯得十分無(wú)禮。十分無(wú)禮。Therefore, some Chinese may be seen as being rude when Therefore, some Chinese may be seen as being rude when they ask their Western friends about how much they earn.they ask their Wes

54、tern friends about how much they earn.（1 1）豆腐）豆腐, ,由大豆制成，是享譽(yù)世界的中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)美食。由大豆制成，是享譽(yù)世界的中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)美食。 Tofu, made of soybean, is a Chinese traditional food.Tofu, made of soybean, is a Chinese traditional food.(2)(2)據(jù)說(shuō)豆腐起源于西漢時(shí)期。據(jù)說(shuō)豆腐起源于西漢時(shí)期。Tofu is said to originate in the Western Han Dynasty.Tofu is said to origi

55、nate in the Western Han Dynasty.(3)(3)由于制作簡(jiǎn)單、價(jià)格低廉，豆腐很快成為人們喜愛(ài)的由于制作簡(jiǎn)單、價(jià)格低廉，豆腐很快成為人們喜愛(ài)的佳肴。佳肴。Simple in production and cheap in cost, tofu soon become Simple in production and cheap in cost, tofu soon become peoples favorite delicacy.peoples favorite delicacy.(4)(4)宋明時(shí)代后，豆腐文化傳播更為廣泛。宋明時(shí)代后，豆腐文化傳播更為廣泛。Afte

56、r the Song and Ming Dynasties, the culture of tofu After the Song and Ming Dynasties, the culture of tofu spread even more widely.spread even more widely.(5)(5)如今，豆腐和其衍生產(chǎn)品對(duì)中國(guó)人來(lái)說(shuō)是一種普遍的如今，豆腐和其衍生產(chǎn)品對(duì)中國(guó)人來(lái)說(shuō)是一種普遍的食品，它還走出國(guó)門(mén)，在全世界都受到歡迎。食品，它還走出國(guó)門(mén)，在全世界都受到歡迎。 Today, tofu Today, tofu with its derivative products

57、has become a with its derivative products has become a common food for Chinese people, and it has gone abroad common food for Chinese people, and it has gone abroad and become popular in the worldand become popular in the world. .(6)(6)豆腐豆腐-中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)食品中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)食品-由于高蛋白、低熱量，而被普由于高蛋白、低熱量，而被普遍認(rèn)為是理想食品。遍認(rèn)為是理想食品。To

58、fu-the traditional Chinese food, has been universally Tofu-the traditional Chinese food, has been universally acknoledged as an ideal food for its high protein and low acknoledged as an ideal food for its high protein and low heat.heat.（1 1）中國(guó)人就坐的方式是餐桌禮儀的一個(gè)有趣部分。）中國(guó)人就坐的方式是餐桌禮儀的一個(gè)有趣部分。 The way Chinese

59、 people get seated is an interesting part The way Chinese people get seated is an interesting part of the table manners.of the table manners.(2)(2)你可能會(huì)感到奇怪，在中國(guó)文化中，一個(gè)典型的座位你可能會(huì)感到奇怪，在中國(guó)文化中，一個(gè)典型的座位安排其實(shí)就是禮儀的象征。安排其實(shí)就是禮儀的象征。It might surprise you that a typical seating arrangement is It might surprise you t

60、hat a typical seating arrangement is a sign of etiquettes in Chinese culture.a sign of etiquettes in Chinese culture.(3)(3)因此，為了安全起見(jiàn)，應(yīng)該把餐桌上最好的座位留給因此，為了安全起見(jiàn)，應(yīng)該把餐桌上最好的座位留給長(zhǎng)輩。長(zhǎng)輩。Therefore, it is ensured to leave the best place on the Therefore, it is ensured to leave the best place on the dinning table