高考英語(yǔ)省略句講解

1、詞法上的省略名詞所有格后修飾的名詞在以下情況可以省略如果名詞所有格修飾的名詞在前文已出現(xiàn)，則可以省略。名詞所有格后修飾的名詞如果是指商店、住宅等地點(diǎn)時(shí)，這些名詞也常常省略。 These are John's books and those are Mary's (books).這些是約翰的書(shū)，那些是瑪麗的書(shū)。at the doctor's 在診所 at Mr. Green's 在格林先生家to my uncle's 到我叔叔家 at the barber's 在理發(fā)店冠詞的省略為了避免重復(fù)在副詞的最高級(jí)前面的定冠詞?？梢允÷?。在某些獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中

2、。在as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)作表語(yǔ)的單數(shù)名詞提前時(shí)，不定冠詞要省略。 The lightning flashed and thunder crashed.電閃雷鳴。(thunder前省略了定冠詞the)She sings best in the class.她在班上唱歌唱得最好。Our teacher came in, book in hand.(=Our teacher came in, with a book in his hand.)我們的老師手里拿著一本書(shū)進(jìn)來(lái)了。Child as he is, he knows a lot.雖然他還是一個(gè)孩子，卻懂得很多介詞的省略both 后常跟o

3、f短語(yǔ)，其后可以接名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式，也可以接代詞賓格復(fù)數(shù)形式。接復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，介詞of可以省略，但接代詞賓格時(shí)，of不能省略。在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表持續(xù)和重復(fù)的句型中，一段時(shí)間前的介詞for可以省略。和一些動(dòng)詞搭配構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)中的介詞，consider. (as)., prevent / stop. (from)doing.,have trouble / difficulty. (in) doing.,spend. (in / on) doing. 等中的介詞可以省略。 Both (of) the films were interesting. 這兩部電影都很有趣。She invited both of us

4、 to her birthday party.她邀請(qǐng)我們倆去參加她的生日派對(duì)。These shoes are worn out. They have lasted (for) a long time.這雙鞋穿破了，已經(jīng)穿了很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間了。Trees can prevent the earth (from) being washed away.樹(shù)能阻止泥土被沖走。Can you stop him (from) going swimming in the river?你能阻止他下河洗澡嗎?I have some difficulty (in) answering the question.回答這個(gè)

5、問(wèn)題我有點(diǎn)困難。有些動(dòng)詞，believe, find, think, feel, consider, imagine, prove等后作賓補(bǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)。to be + n. / adj.中的to be可以省略。感官動(dòng)詞see, hear, feel, watch, notice 等以及使役動(dòng)詞let, make, have后作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式，其中的不定式符號(hào)to要省略，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，to必須保留。在can not but, can not choose but, can not help but之后的動(dòng)詞不定式一般不帶to;but之前有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do的某個(gè)形式do, does, did, do

6、ne 時(shí)，也不帶to, 否則要帶to。在并列結(jié)構(gòu)中為了避免重復(fù)。在why, why not 引導(dǎo)的特殊問(wèn)句中后跟省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式。動(dòng)詞不定式中動(dòng)詞原形部分是否省略，主要看句子前面是否已出現(xiàn)過(guò)同樣的動(dòng)詞。如果句子前面出現(xiàn)過(guò)同樣的動(dòng)詞，為了避免重復(fù)，句子后面的不定式常省略動(dòng)詞原形，而保留不定式符號(hào)to。I consider him (to be) lazy.我認(rèn)為他懶。His mother found him (to be) a clever boy.他母親發(fā)覺(jué)他是一個(gè)很聰明的孩子。They made the boy go to bed early.他們強(qiáng)迫這個(gè)男孩早睡。The boy was

7、 made to go to bed early. 這個(gè)男孩被迫早睡。注：help后作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式中的to可以省略也可保留。We have nothing to do now but wait.我們現(xiàn)在除了等沒(méi)有別的事可做。I can not but admire his courage. 我不能不欽佩他的勇敢。He has no choice but to accept the fact.除了接受這個(gè)事實(shí)他別無(wú)選擇。I'm really puzzled what to think or say.我真不知道該怎么想，怎么說(shuō)才好。但兩個(gè)不定式有對(duì)照或?qū)Ρ鹊囊饬x時(shí)，則后一個(gè)to不能省。

8、I came not to scold but to praise you.我來(lái)不是責(zé)備你，而是贊美你。Why talk so much about it?為什么大談這個(gè)事呢?Why not try it again? 為什么不再試一試呢?They may go if they wish to(go).如果他們想去，他們就可以去。Don't go till I tell you to.直到我告訴你去，你才可以去。在一些動(dòng)詞afford, agree, expect, forget, mean, pretend, remember, want, refuse, hope, wish, w

9、ould like (love), try等后跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)，不定式中的to可以承前(后)省略。Will you go to the cinema with me?你愿和我一起去看電影嗎?Well, I'd like to (go with you). 我愿意。I would do it for you, but I don't know how to (do it for you).我想為你做這事，但我又不知如何做。在某些形容詞，afraid, glad, willing, happy, eager等后承前省略動(dòng)詞原形，只保留不定式符號(hào)to。Will you join u

10、s in the game?你愿和我們一起做這個(gè)游戲嗎?Sure, I'll be glad to(join you in the game). 當(dāng)然，我愿意。有些動(dòng)詞，tell, ask, allow, expect, force, invite, permit, persuade, order, warn, wish, would like,forbid等后跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式承前省略動(dòng)詞原形， 保留動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)to。He didn't come, though we had invited him to (come).盡管我們邀請(qǐng)他來(lái)，他卻沒(méi)來(lái)

11、。注：承前省略的動(dòng)詞不定式如果有助動(dòng)詞have或be，則要保留be或have。Are you a teacher? 你是老師嗎?No, but I used to be (a teacher).不，我以前是。句法上的省略簡(jiǎn)單句中的省略感嘆句中常省略主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)。在一些口語(yǔ)中可以省略某些句子成分。 What a hot day (it is)!多熱的天啊!How wonderful!多妙啊!(Will you)Have a smoke?你抽煙嗎?No.Thanks.不，謝謝了。(Is there)Anything else to say?還有別的要說(shuō)嗎?并列句中的省略如果主語(yǔ)不同，而謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中的一

12、部分相同，則省略謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中相同的那部分。主語(yǔ)相同，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也相同，則二者都可以省略。主語(yǔ)相同，而謂語(yǔ)不同，則可以省略主語(yǔ)。在并列復(fù)合句中，如果that從句從屬于第二個(gè)并列句且它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和賓語(yǔ)等其它一些成分與第一個(gè)并列句相同時(shí)，這個(gè)that從句通?？梢允÷赃@些相同的部分。 John must have been playing football and Mary (must have been) doing her homework.約翰一定在踢球，而瑪麗一定在做作業(yè)。His suggestions made John happy, but (his suggestions made) Mar

13、y angry.他的建議使約翰高興，卻使瑪麗很生氣。Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while, but (he) soon returned to his old ways.老麥克唐納戒了一陣子煙，可很快又抽上了。Jack will sing at the party, but I know John won't (sing at the party).杰克將在晚會(huì)上唱歌，但我知道約翰不會(huì)在晚會(huì)上唱歌。復(fù)合句中的省略名詞性從句中的省略作賓語(yǔ)的what從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主句的相同，則what從句可以省略謂語(yǔ)，甚至主語(yǔ)有時(shí)候也可以根據(jù)說(shuō)話的情景來(lái)省略

14、主句中的一些成分。在某些表虛擬語(yǔ)氣的主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中的助動(dòng)詞should可以省略。定語(yǔ)從句中的省略在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞that, which, who (whom)?？梢允÷?。關(guān)系副詞when, where, why以及that在the time(day, morning, afternoon, evening, night, week,month, year等) when, the place(desk, table, room, spot, house, town, country, school等)where, the reaso

15、n why, the way that結(jié)構(gòu)中引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，在非正式場(chǎng)合下，可以省略關(guān)系副詞when, where, why, that。狀語(yǔ)從句中的省略當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)一致，或狀語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)是it，并且又含有be動(dòng)詞時(shí)，?？梢允÷詮木渲械闹髡Z(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞。在as, before, till, once, when, while等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中。在though, although,等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中。在if, unless(=if. not)等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中。在as, as if, as though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中。在as(so). as., than

16、引導(dǎo)的比較狀語(yǔ)從句中。 復(fù)合句中的省略名詞性從句中的省略Someone has used my bike, but I don't know who (has used it).有人用了我的自行車(chē)，但我不知道是誰(shuí)。He has gone, but no one knows where (he has gone).他走了，但沒(méi)人知道他去哪兒了。(I'm)Sorry I've kept you waiting so long.對(duì)不起，讓你久等了。It's important that we (should) speak to the old politely.我們對(duì)

17、老人說(shuō)話要有禮貌，這很重要。定語(yǔ)從句中的省略The man(who/whom)I saw is called Smith.我見(jiàn)到的那個(gè)人名叫史密斯。Where is the book (which) I bought this morning?今天上午我買(mǎi)的那本書(shū)在哪兒?I shall never forget the day (when) we first met.我永遠(yuǎn)也不會(huì)忘記我們第一次見(jiàn)面的那一天。The reason (why) he came so early is his own affair.他來(lái)這么早是他自己的事。The way (that) you answered the

18、 questions was admirable.你回答這些問(wèn)題的方式令人欽佩。狀語(yǔ)從句中的省略While(I was)waiting, I was reading some magazines.我一邊看雜志，一邊等。Though (they were) tired, they went on working.雖然他們累了，但他們?nèi)岳^續(xù)工作。You shouldn't come to his party unless (you were) invited.除非你被邀請(qǐng)，否則你不應(yīng)該來(lái)參加他的宴會(huì)。He did as (he had been) told. 他按照被告知的那樣去做了。He