CTPCork精讀解析

1、Test5 P1CorkCORK1.U the bark (= outer part ) of a tree from southern Europe and North Africa, used to make things栓皮，軟木南歐和北非的一種橡樹的樹皮a cork bulletin board 軟木公告板· 2.C a long round piece of cork or plastic which is put into the top of a bottle, especially a wine b

2、ottle, to keep liquid inside木瓶塞，軟木塞 1. Cork - the thick bark of the cork oak tree (Quercus suber) - is a remarkable material. It is tough, elastic, buoyant, and fire-resistant, and suitable for a wide range of purposes. It has also been used for millennia: the ancient Egyptians sealed their sarcopha

3、gi (stone coffins) with cork, while the ancient Greeks and Romans used it for anything from beehives to sandals.大意歸納：引出主題-Cork+性能描述及用途廣泛的特點(diǎn)。譯文：軟木軟木橡樹的厚皮是一種特別的材料。它具有堅(jiān)韌、彈性、浮力和防火性能，適用用途廣泛。它也被使用了幾千年:古埃及人用軟木塞封住他們的石棺(石棺)，而古希臘和羅馬人則用它來(lái)做（幾乎）任何東西，從蜂箱到?jīng)鲂?。生詞：Elastic'læstk adj. 有彈性的；靈活的；易伸縮的n. 松緊帶；橡皮圈1.

4、a type of rubber material that can stretch and then return to its usual length or size橡皮彈力材料 a piece of elastic 一根橡皮帶2.made of elastic彈力材料制成的an elastic cord 彈力繩3.a system or plan that is elastic can change or be changed easily系統(tǒng)或計(jì)劃靈活的，有伸縮性的 Demand for this type of holiday will probably be fairly ela

5、stic. 對(duì)這類假期的需求可能有相當(dāng)?shù)膹椥?。elasticity elæ'stst; i-; - n. 彈性；彈力；靈活性buoyant 'bntadj. 輕快的；有浮力的；上漲的1.happy and confident愉快而自信的Phil was in a buoyant mood. 菲爾心情愉快。2.buoyant prices etc tend to rise價(jià)格等趨于上升的，上漲的a buoyant economy 欣欣向榮的經(jīng)濟(jì)3.able to float or keep things floating易浮起的，有浮力的Cork is ver

6、y buoyant. 軟木浮性很好。DERIVATIVE 派生詞buoyantly advmillennia英 mleni n. 千年期（millennium的復(fù)數(shù)）；一千年；千年慶典；太平盛世m(xù)illennium /mi'lenim/n.1.一千年，千年期2.千周年紀(jì)念日，千周年慶祝活動(dòng)3.the millennium千禧年,千年王國(guó) n. millenniums millennia - over millennia數(shù)千年來(lái) millennia 4.it may have religious or theological (adj.

7、神學(xué)的) implicationsmillenarianism ,mili'nrinizm n. 千福年說（傳說耶穌將重臨人世統(tǒng)治的一千年）sarcophagi（雕花大理石）石棺（sarcophagus的復(fù)數(shù)）n.1.(常飾有精美雕刻的)石棺.sarcophagus 的復(fù)數(shù) n. 2.(古希臘人用以制石棺的)大理石，石灰石beehive /bihav/ n. C 1.a structure where bee s are kept for producing honey蜂房，蜂箱 2.a way of arranging a womans hair in a high pil

8、e on the top of her head, that was popular in the 1960s20世紀(jì)60年代流行的蜂窩式發(fā)型2And the cork oak itself is an extraordinary tree. Its bark grows up to 20cm in thickness, insulating the tree like a coat wrapped around the trunk and branches and keeping the inside at a constant 20°C all year round. Devel

9、oped most probably as a defence against forest fires, the bark of the cork oak has a particular cellular structure - with about 40 million cells per cubic centimetre - that technology has never succeeded in replicating. The cells are filled with air, which is why cork is so buoyant. It also has an e

10、lasticity that means you can squash it and watch it spring back to its original size and shape when you release the pressure.· 大意歸納：軟木橡樹（cork oak）本身的性能保溫性，防火性，輕巧性（浮力大），高彈性等。· 譯文：軟木橡樹本身就是一棵特別的樹。其樹皮長(zhǎng)大到20厘米厚度，像外套纏繞在樹干和樹枝上使得樹體和外界絕緣，保持在一個(gè)全年20°C恒溫的狀態(tài)?？赡苁沁M(jìn)化成為一種防御森林火災(zāi)的方法，軟木橡樹的樹皮有一種特殊的細(xì)胞結(jié)構(gòu)每立方厘

11、米大約有4000萬(wàn)個(gè)細(xì)胞這種技術(shù)從未成功地復(fù)制。這些細(xì)胞充滿了空氣，這就是為什么軟木塞如此大的浮力。它也富有彈性，這意味著你可以擠壓它然后釋放壓力的時(shí)候它會(huì)回彈回原樣。Insulate英 'nsjlet vt. 隔離，使孤立；使絕緣，使隔熱 insulated cable 電 絕緣電纜 1.to cover or protect something with a material that stops electricity, sound, heat etc from getting in or out使絕緣；使隔熱；使隔音an insulated attic 隔熱隔音的閣樓insul

12、ate sth from/against sth Pipes may need insulating against the cold. 管道可能需要隔溫以防冰凍。2.to keep someone apart from particular experiences or influences, especially unpleasant ones使免除尤指不愉快的經(jīng)歷；使免受尤指不良影響；隔離insulate sb from sth The royal family tried to insulate him from the prying eyes of the media. 王室想使他避

13、開媒體窺視的目光。cellular structure 高分子 微孔結(jié)構(gòu)；蜂窩狀結(jié)構(gòu) cellular英 'seljl adj. 細(xì)胞的；多孔的；由細(xì)胞組成的n. 移動(dòng)電話；單元1.consisting of or relating to the cells of plants or animals由細(xì)胞組成的，細(xì)胞的2.a cellular telephone system works by using a network of radio stations to pass on signals電話系統(tǒng)蜂窩狀的，蜂窩式的 a cellular network 蜂窩式網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)cellu

14、lar network 蜂窩網(wǎng)絡(luò)細(xì)胞/蜂巢網(wǎng)路cellular phone 移動(dòng)電話/手機(jī)/蜂窩電話/行動(dòng)電話replicate replicate 英 'replket vt. 復(fù)制；折疊vi. 重復(fù)；折轉(zhuǎn)adj. 復(fù)制的；折疊的n. 復(fù)制品；八音階間隔的反覆音1.T formal if you replicate someones work, a scientific study etc, you do it again, or try to get the same result again重做；復(fù)制There is a need for further research to

15、replicate these findings. 需要進(jìn)一步的研究來(lái)驗(yàn)證這些結(jié)果。2.I,T technical if a virus or a molecule replicates, or if it replicates itself, it divides and produces exact copies of itself病毒、分子自我復(fù)制the ability of DNA to replicate itself 脫氧核糖核酸的自我復(fù)制能力DERIVATIVE 派生詞replication n.squash 英 skw vt. 鎮(zhèn)壓；把壓扁；使沉默vi. 受擠壓；發(fā)出擠壓聲；擠

16、入n. 壁球；擠壓；咯吱聲；南瓜屬植物；（英）果汁飲料 復(fù)數(shù) squashes或 squash squash 1 /skw,skw/ v.1.PRESS 擠壓T to press something into a flatter shape, often breaking or damaging it擠扁；壓扁；壓碎；壓壞SYN FLATTEN The cake got a bit squashed on the way here. 蛋糕在送來(lái)這里的路上有點(diǎn)壓壞了。Move over - youre squashing me. 挪過去點(diǎn)，你擠著我了。squash sth downHer hai

17、r had been squashed down by her hat. 她的頭發(fā)被帽子壓得平平的。2.SMALL SPACE 狹小空間I,T always + adv/prep to push yourself or something else into a space that is too small擠進(jìn)；塞進(jìn)SYN SQUEEZE + intoSeven of us squashed into the car. 我們七個(gè)擠進(jìn)了汽車。squash sth inWe can probably squash another couple of things in. 我們也許還可以塞幾件東西

18、進(jìn)去。3.STOP STH 阻止某事T informal to use your power or authority to stop something鎮(zhèn)壓，壓制SYN QUASH 【非正式】Her suggestions were always squashed. 她的建 議總是受到壓制。squash rumours/hopes/reports etc (=say that a rumour etc is not true)辟謠/粉碎希望/壓制報(bào)道等The government was quick to squash any hopes of reform. 一有改革的苗頭，政府馬上就進(jìn)行

19、打壓。squash up - to move closer together or closer to something, especially in order to make room for someone or something else擠在一起尤為騰出地方給別人或別的東西The others squashed up against Jo.其他人都擠到喬這邊來(lái)了。squash 2 n.1.SPORT 體育運(yùn)動(dòng)U a game played by two people who use rackets to hit a small rubber ball against the wal

20、ls of a square court壁球a squash court 壁球場(chǎng)2.its a squash-spoken used to say that there is not enough space for everyone to fit in comfortably太擠了3.VEGETABLE 蔬菜C,U one of a group of large vegetables with solid flesh and hard skins, such as pumpkins南瓜屬植物的果實(shí)3. Cork oaks grow in a number of Mediterranean c

21、ountries, including Portugal, Spain, Italy, Greece and Morocco. They flourish in warm, sunny climates where there is a minimum of 400 millimetres of rain per year, and not more than 800 millimetres. Like grape vines, the trees thrive in poor soil, putting down deep roots in search of moisture and nu

22、trients.Southern Portugals Alentejo region meets all of these requirements, which explains why, by the early 20th century, this region had become the worlds largest producer of cork, and why today it accounts for roughly half of all cork production around the world.大意歸納：軟木橡樹生長(zhǎng)環(huán)境：區(qū)域，氣候條件，土壤要求（貧瘠）；葡萄牙

23、南部的Alentejo地區(qū)是種植理想之地，在20世紀(jì)初九成為軟木塞產(chǎn)量第一地區(qū)，占世界產(chǎn)量50%譯文：軟木橡樹生長(zhǎng)在許多地中海國(guó)家，包括葡萄牙、西班牙、意大利、希臘和摩洛哥。它們?cè)跍嘏㈥?yáng)光充足的氣候下生長(zhǎng)，每年至少有400毫米的降雨量，但不超過800毫米。像葡萄藤一樣，樹木在貧瘠的土壤里茁壯成長(zhǎng)，扎根于土壤中尋找水分和養(yǎng)分。葡萄牙南部的Alentejo地區(qū)滿足了所有這些要求，這也解釋了為什么在20世紀(jì)早期，這個(gè)地區(qū)已經(jīng)成為世界上最大的軟木塞生產(chǎn)國(guó)，為什么今天它占了所有軟木生產(chǎn)的一半。4. Most cork forests are family-owned. Many of these fa

24、mily businesses, and indeed many of the trees themselves, are around 200 years old. Cork production is, above all, an exercise in patience. From the planting of a cork sapling to the first harvest takes 25 years, and a gap of approximately a decade must separate harvests from an individual tree. And

25、 for top-quality cork, its necessary to wait a further 15 or 20 years. You even have to wait for the right kind of summers day to harvest cork. If the bark is stripped on a day when its too cold - or when the air is damp - the tree will be damaged.大意歸納： 軟木生產(chǎn)的要求。譯文：大多數(shù)軟木森林是家族所有的。許多家族企業(yè)，甚至許多樹木本身，都已經(jīng)有2

26、00年的歷史了。軟木生產(chǎn)首先是一種耐心的鍛煉。從種植軟木橡樹幼苗到第一次收獲需要25年，而每一棵樹上收獲必須大約空出10年的時(shí)間間隔。對(duì)于優(yōu)質(zhì)的軟木塞，有必要再等15到20年。你甚至還得等到合適的夏日去收割軟木塞。如果在天氣太冷或空氣潮濕的時(shí)候剝?nèi)淦?，樹就?huì)被破壞。Sapling英 'sæpl n. 樹苗；年輕人、幼樹、小樹sapling stage 幼樹階段sapling bank 稚樹庫(kù) sapless 英 'sæpls adj. 枯萎的；無(wú)生氣的；無(wú)價(jià)值的5. Cork harvesting is a very specialised profess

27、ion. No mechanical means of stripping cork bark has been invented, so the job is done by teams of highly skilled workers. First, they make vertical cuts down the bark using small sharp axes, then lever it away in pieces as large as they can manage. The most skilful cork-strippers prise away a semi-c

28、ircular husk that runs the length of the trunk from just above ground level to the first branches. It is then dried on the ground for about four months, before being taken to factories, where it is boiled to kill any insects that might remain in the cork. Over 60% of cork then goes on to be made int

29、o traditional bottle stoppers, with most of the remainder being used in the construction trade. Corkboard and cork tiles are ideal for thermal and acoustic insulation, while granules of cork are used in the manufacture of concrete.譯文：軟木收割是一個(gè)非常專業(yè)的職業(yè)。沒有一種機(jī)械的剝開軟木樹皮的方法被發(fā)明出來(lái)，所以這項(xiàng)工作是由高度熟練的工人組成的團(tuán)隊(duì)完成的。首先，他們

30、用小的鋒利的斧子將樹皮垂直切割下來(lái)，然后把它盡可能大的把它撬開。最熟練的軟木剝皮工把一個(gè)半圓形的外殼撬開，這個(gè)外殼長(zhǎng)度是沿著樹干的從地面上一直延伸到第一個(gè)分支。在被帶到工廠之前，它會(huì)在地上晾干大約4個(gè)月，在那里被煮沸以殺死任何可能留在軟木塞的昆蟲。超過60%的軟木塞繼續(xù)被制成傳統(tǒng)的瓶塞，其余的大部分被用于建筑業(yè)。軟木板和軟木磚是隔熱和隔音的理想材料，而軟木顆粒則用于制造混凝土。大意歸納： 軟木收割及加工用途。Prise n. 獎(jiǎng)賞；捕獲；撬杠vt. （英）捕獲；撬動(dòng)；欣賞（等于prize）husk n. 皮；外殼；無(wú)價(jià)值之物vt. 削皮；以粗啞的嗓音說vi. 嗓音變得嘶啞1.C,U the d

31、ry outer part of corn, some grains, seeds, nuts etc某些谷物、種子、堅(jiān)果等的干燥外皮，殼，莢2.C the useless outer part of something that remains after the important or useful part is gone or has been used外殼，空殼+ ofHis drug addiction had turned him into a husk of his former self. 毒癮已經(jīng)讓他變得只剩下一副空皮囊。husk 2 v. T to remove the

32、 husks from grains, seeds etc去除的干燥外皮；剝?nèi)サ母蓺でvrice husk米糠How can we remove the husk of the grains? 我們?cè)鯓尤サ艄任锏耐馄?？Granule granule /'rænjul/ n. C a small hard piece of something顆粒，微粒，細(xì)粒coffee granules 咖啡顆粒starch granule淀粉顆粒；淀粉粒6. Recent years have seen the end of the virtual monopoly of cork as th

33、e material for bottle stoppers, due to concerns about the effect it may have on the contents of the bottle. This is caused by a chemical compound called 2,4,6-trichloroanisole (TCA), which forms through the interaction of plant phenols, chlorine and mould. The tiniest concentrations - as little as t

34、hree or four parts to a trillion - can spoil the taste of the product contained in the bottle. The result has been a gradual yet steady move first towards plastic stoppers and, more recently, to aluminium screw caps. These substitutes are cheaper to manufacture and, in the case of screw caps, more c

35、onvenient for the user.大意歸納： 軟木塞的替代品出現(xiàn),取代原來(lái)的壟斷局面。譯文：近年來(lái)，軟木塞作為瓶塞材料的實(shí)質(zhì)壟斷已經(jīng)結(jié)束，因?yàn)槿藗儞?dān)心它可能對(duì)瓶子內(nèi)的產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)生影響。這是由一種叫做2,4,6 -三氯苯甲醚(TCA)的化合物引起的，這種化合物通過植物酚、氯和霉菌的相互作用形成。哪怕是最微小的濃度哪怕只有3到4個(gè)部分到達(dá)萬(wàn)億可能會(huì)破壞瓶子里的產(chǎn)品的味道。這一結(jié)果是一個(gè)逐步穩(wěn)定的趨勢(shì)，首先是塑料瓶蓋，最近，出現(xiàn)鋁制螺旋蓋。這些替代品的生產(chǎn)成本更低，而且螺旋蓋更方便用戶使用。virtual 英 v:tul adj. 計(jì) 虛擬的；實(shí)質(zhì)上的，事實(shí)上的（但未在名義上或正式獲承認(rèn)）1

36、.very nearly a particular thing幾乎的Car ownership is a virtual necessity when you live in the country. 住在鄉(xiāng)下，擁有汽車幾乎是必需的。Finding a cheap place to rent is a virtual impossibility in this area. 要在這個(gè)地區(qū)租到便宜的房子幾乎不可能。2.made, done, seen etc on the Internet or on a computer, rather than in the real world虛擬的，模擬的

37、指通過計(jì)算機(jī)或網(wǎng)絡(luò)The website allows you to take a virtual tour of the art gallery. 這個(gè)網(wǎng)站可讓你對(duì)美術(shù)館作一番虛擬參觀。constructing virtual worlds 構(gòu)筑虛擬世界monopoly m'np()l n. 壟斷；壟斷者；專賣權(quán)1.C if a company or government has a monopoly of a business or political activity, it has complete control of it so that other organizatio

38、ns cannot compete with it壟斷；獨(dú)占；專營(yíng)a monopoly in copper trading 對(duì)銅交易的壟斷+ ofthe state monopoly of television 國(guó)家對(duì)電視的壟斷+ on/inFor years Bell Telephone had a monopoly on telephone services in the US. 貝爾電話公司曾多年壟斷美國(guó)的電話業(yè)務(wù)。2.C a large company that controls all or most of a business activity壟斷者；壟斷企業(yè)；專賣者The com

39、pany is a state-owned monopoly. 該公司是一家國(guó)有壟斷企業(yè)。3.singular,單數(shù) if someone has a monopoly on something, that thing belongs to them, and no one else can share it壟斷品；被獨(dú)占的東西Teachers do not have a monopoly on educational debate. 有關(guān)教育問題的辯論并不是老師的專利。Monopoly Enterprise 獨(dú)占企業(yè)/壟斷企業(yè)spoil 英 spl vt. 溺愛；糟蹋；破壞；掠奪vi. 掠奪

40、；變壞；腐敗n. 次品；獎(jiǎng)品pp: spoiled spoilt 1.DAMAGE 損壞T to have a bad effect on something so that it is no longer attractive, enjoyable, useful etc毀掉，糟蹋，破壞SYN RUIN The whole park is spoiled by litter. 整個(gè)公園環(huán)境都給垃圾破壞了。We didnt let the incident spoil our day. 我們沒有讓這件事破壞我們一整天的氣氛。2.TREAT TOO KINDLY 過于寬容地對(duì)待T to give

41、 a child everything they want, or let them do whatever they want, often with the result that they behave badly寵壞，慣壞，溺愛小孩Shes an only child, but they didnt really spoil her. 她是獨(dú)生女，不過他們也沒有嬌慣她。His mother and sisters spoil him rotten (= spoil him very much ) . 他母親和姐姐把他給寵壞了。3.TREAT KINDLY 體貼地對(duì)待T to look

42、after someone in a way that is very kind or too kind無(wú)微不至地關(guān)心；過分地照顧，縱容Youll have to let me spoil you on your birthday. 你生日那天一定要讓我好好待你。spoil yourself Go on, spoil yourself. Have another piece of cake. 來(lái)吧，善待自己，再來(lái)一塊蛋糕吧。.spoil 毀掉,糟蹋,破壞某事物的美或趣味等to have a bad effect on something so that it is much less attr

43、active, enjoyable etcNew housing developments are spoiling the countryside. 新住宅區(qū)破壞了鄉(xiāng)村的景色。The bad weather completely spoiled our holiday. 惡劣的天氣徹底毀了我們的假期。spoil 2 n.1.spoilspluralthe things that someone gets by being successful 成功的附帶好處They tried to take more than a fair share of the spoils. 他們想拿更多的好處。things taken by an army from a defeated enemy, or things taken by thieves 戰(zhàn)利品；掠奪物；贓物the spoils of war/victory etc 戰(zhàn)利品2.U waste material such as earth and stones from a mine or hole in the ground礦井里或地下挖出的廢石方，棄土spoil heaps 廢石方堆Spoil Egyptians