【KS5U解析】廣東省廣州市2020屆高三3月階段測試英語試題 Word版含解析

1、廣州市 2020 屆高三年級階段訓(xùn)練題英語試題注意事項：1. 答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名和考生號、試室號、座位號填寫在答題卡上，并用2b 鉛筆在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置填涂考生號及試卷類型（b）。因聽力另考，試卷從第二部分的 “閱讀理解”開始，試題序號從“21”開始。2. 回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡對應(yīng)題目的答案信息點涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案。寫在本試卷上無效。3. 回答非選擇題時，必須用黑色字跡的鋼筆或簽字筆作答，答案必須寫在答題卡指定區(qū)域內(nèi)的相應(yīng)位置上；如需改動，先劃掉原來的答案，然后再寫上新答案；不準(zhǔn)使用鉛筆和涂改液。寫在本試卷上無效。4. 考試結(jié)束后

2、，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第二部分 閱讀理解 ( 共兩節(jié)，滿分 40 分 )第一節(jié) ( 共 15 小題；每小題 2 分，滿分 30 分 )閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的a、b、c 和 d 四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。amama and i spend mornings cleaning up the dirt that blows into our house. mama says all the dust is due to the drought. the dirt sifts into everything. it covers our clothes. we hav

3、e to wash the dishes before each meal. we rarely drive the truck because papa fears the dust from the road will ruin the motor.when my sister, faye, and i walk to school, we wear kerchiefs over our mouths so we dont breathe in the dirt. on days when the air is so bad that they close the school, we s

4、tay home and help mama put wet sheets over the windows. but the dirt always finds a way in.last sunday, there was no dirt in the air, only bright spring sunshine and a clear blue sky. after lunch, papa headed out to the field to check on the cattle while i played with faye in the yard. the temperatu

5、re suddenly dropped. i looked to the west and saw a huge black cloud of dust.all the birds flew away. “i must warn papa,” i thought to myself. to avoid her panicking, i gently told faye to go back inside where she would be safe, and then headed off to the field.the storm hit so fast, and in an insta

6、nt the day turned into night. by the time i entered the cow field the fine sand was whipping across my face. i screamed for papa, hoping my voice would lead him back.the dirt and sand stung my skin like a thousand bees. although i was terrified, i refused to turn back. my dad was stranded and needed

7、 my help. covering my face with one hand, i groped my way toward the truck and opened the door. first i tried turning the trucks lights on and off, hoping that papa would see them flashing, but the sandstorm let no light escape. then i pushed the horn again and again, so papa would hear it. i pushed

8、 until i had no more strength in my arms.suddenly, papas face appeared at the window. my heart leaped with surprise and relief. he opened the door and climbed onto the seat next to me. he then pulled me into his arms and said, “oh, iris, you saved me!”finally, the wind subsided and the dust began to

9、 settle. dirt was piled up to the window on one side of the truck and halfway up the door on the other. papa kicked against the door, opening it far enough to let us out.sand and soil drifts were everywhere, but we were safe.1. what is the main function of the first two paragraphs?a. it describes a

10、problem the characters must solve.b. it establishes the setting where the story takes place.c. it introduces the characters that will follow in the story.d. it explains the motivations for the characters later actions.2. why did papa go to the field that sunday?a. he was trying to get to his truck.b

11、. he needed to prepare the field for harvest.c. he wanted to make sure the animals were fine.d. he planned to bring in the cattle before the storm.3. how did iris save her father?a. by warning him to run away.b. by turning on the trucks lights.c. by guiding him towards the shelter.d. by screaming hi

12、s name at the top of her voice.4. which of the following words best describe iris?a. brave and calm.b. experienced and confident.c. adventurous and careful.d. fearless and sympathetic【答案】1. b 2. c 3. c 4. a【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要記敘了上周日，iris一家突然遭遇了沙塵暴，而iris的爸爸去田里看家畜還沒能回來，iris急忙呼喊爸爸回家，又一遍遍地按汽車?yán)群米尭赣H聽到。最終父親平安

13、找到了車，一家人躲過了沙塵暴?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)前兩段的內(nèi)容主要描述了iris一家住在風(fēng)沙很大的地方，每天不得不用頭巾蒙住嘴，才不會吸入灰塵，在空氣很糟糕的日子里，學(xué)校會關(guān)閉，他們呆在家里幫媽媽把濕床單蓋在窗戶上。為后文沙塵暴的發(fā)生介紹背景，由此可推知，前兩段的主要功能是交待故事發(fā)生的背景。故選b?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中after lunch, papa headed out to the field to check on the cattle while i played with faye in the yard.可知，午飯后，我和faye在院子里玩耍，爸爸去田野

14、里看家畜。由此可知，那個星期天爸爸到田里去想確保家畜們安然無恙。故選c?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第四段中first i tried turning the trucks lights on and off, hoping that papa would see them flashing, but the sandstorm let no light escape. then i pushed the horn again and again, so papa would hear it. i pushed until i had no more strength in my arms

15、.可知，首先，作者試著打開和關(guān)閉卡車的燈，希望爸爸能看到他們閃爍，但沙塵暴擋住了光。然后作者一次又一次地按喇叭，好讓爸爸聽到。作者用力推，直到手臂沒有力氣了。由此可知，iris是通過按卡車?yán)纫龑?dǎo)父親找到卡車，以躲避沙塵暴。故選c。【4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章主要記敘了上周日，iris一家突然遭遇了沙塵暴，而iris的爸爸去田里看家畜還沒能回來，iris急忙呼喊爸爸回家，又一遍遍地按汽車?yán)群米尭赣H聽到。最終父親平安找到了車，一家人躲過了沙塵暴。由此可以推斷，iris是機(jī)智并且冷靜的孩子。故選a。b5. what is true about the milky way?a. there a

16、re only stars inside it.b. there is a black hole at its center.c. its the biggest spiral galaxy in the universe.d. it takes 100,000 years to get there from earth.6. which of the following is the main factor in categorizing galaxies?a. shape.b. size.c. number of stars.d. distance from the sun.7. whic

17、h of the following galaxies can be classified as irregular?a. whale galaxy similar to the milky way both in size and shape.b. cygnus a (3c 405) galaxy the brightest egg shape we can observe.c. cigar galaxy long and narrow galaxy that looks like an ashy cloud.d. sunflower galaxy galaxy with multiple

18、arms radiating from its bright core.【答案】5. b 6. a 7. c【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一些宇宙中星系的情況，如螺旋星系、橢圓星系和不規(guī)則星系等?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)spiral galaxy部分中our galaxy has a huge black hole at its center that billions of stars revolve around.可知，我們的星系中心有一個巨大的黑洞，數(shù)十億顆恒星圍繞著它旋轉(zhuǎn)。由此可知，銀河系中間有一個巨大的黑洞。故選b?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)irregular

19、galaxy部分中there are many other shapes of galaxies that arent spiral or elliptical. they all fit into irregular category.可知，不規(guī)則的星系部分中還有許多其他星系的形狀不是螺旋或橢圓。它們都屬于不規(guī)則的類別。由此可知，星系主要是根據(jù)形狀來進(jìn)行分類。故選a?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)irregular galaxy部分中there are many other shapes of galaxies that arent spiral or elliptical. they all

20、 fit into irregular category.可知，不規(guī)則的星系部分中還有許多其他星系的形狀不是螺旋或橢圓。它們都屬于不規(guī)則的類別。結(jié)合選項可推知，狹長的，看起來像一片灰蒙蒙的云的雪茄星系可以被歸類為不規(guī)則星系。故選c?！军c睛】直接信息題對此類題型，考生可以首先從問題中找到關(guān)鍵詞，然后以此為線索，運用略讀及查閱的技巧在文中迅速尋找這一細(xì)節(jié)，找到后再把這一部分內(nèi)容仔細(xì)閱讀一遍，仔細(xì)比較所給選項與文中細(xì)節(jié)的細(xì)微區(qū)別，在準(zhǔn)確理解細(xì)節(jié)的前提下，最后確定最佳答案。如第一小題，根據(jù)spiral galaxy部分中our galaxy has a huge black hole at its c

21、enter that billions of stars revolve around.可知，我們的星系中心有一個巨大的黑洞，數(shù)十億顆恒星圍繞著它旋轉(zhuǎn)。由此可知，銀河系中間有一個巨大的黑洞。故選b。cthe silk road is arguably the most famous long-distance trade route of the ancient world. this passage connected europe in the west with china in the east, and allowed the exchange of goods, technolog

22、y, and ideas between the two civilizations. although merchants could make huge profits travelling the road, it was not without risk.the main silk road started in changan (known today as xian), the early han capital. travelers commencing their journey from this city could take a northern route that w

23、ould take them across chinas northwestern provinces. after this, they would face the gobi desert, arguably the greatest danger of the silk road.the gobi desert the largest desert in asia, consists mainly of rocky, hard earth. this feature made it easier for traders to travel across, compared to sand

24、y deserts like the neighboring taklamakan desert. like other deserts, the gobi desert is dry and hot, and therefore the biggest challenge travelers faced was obtaining enough water for themselves as well as for their camels.so, rest stops were created along the route, allowing travelers to rest, eat

25、 and drink. these places also promoted the exchange of goods, and even ideas, amongst the travelers who stopped there. usually, the rest stops were placed within a days journey of each other. in this way, travelers could avoid spending too much time in the desert, which would make them targets for r

26、obbers, another danger of the silk road.once through the gobi desert, travelers would continue their journey into iran, turkey, and finally europe. whilst this part of the journey may have been less dangerous, it is not entirely without its perils.8. the underlined word “it” in the first paragraph r

27、efers to _.a. making huge profitsb. traveling the silk roadc. exchanging goods and ideasd. connecting different civilizations9. why was the gobi desert easier to cross than other deserts?a. the deserts surface was easier to walk on.b. camels for transportation were easier to find.c. it was smaller a

28、nd could be crossed in less time.d. there were more natural water sources available.10. what can we guess about the rest stops in the gobi desert?a. travelers were offered free accommodation.b. they were located around the edges of the desert.c. travelers staying there were often attacked by crimina

29、ls.d. they were shared by travelers from different countries.11. what is the passage mainly about?a. the origins of the silk road.b. the benefits of the silk road.c. the difficulties faced by silk road travelers.d. the cultural exchanges among silk road travelers.【答案】8. b 9. a 10. d 11. c【解析】分析】這是一篇

30、說明文。盡管穿越絲綢之路的商人可以掙大錢，但穿越絲綢之路并非毫無風(fēng)險。文章主要說明了絲綢之路危險重重，絲綢之路商人面臨的兩大挑戰(zhàn)一是沿途地理環(huán)境惡劣，二是路途可能遭遇的歹徒搶劫?！?題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)上文although merchants could make huge profits travelling the road可知，盡管穿越絲綢之路的商人可以掙大錢，但穿越絲綢之路并非毫無風(fēng)險。根據(jù)該句表達(dá)的含義可推斷出it指“穿越絲綢之路”。故選b?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中the gobi desert, the largest desert in asia, consist

31、s mainly of rocky, hard earth. this feature made it easier for traders to travel across, compared to sandy deserts like the neighboring taklamakan desert.可知，戈壁沙漠是亞洲最大的沙漠，主要由堅硬的巖石構(gòu)成。與鄰近的塔克拉瑪干沙漠等沙質(zhì)沙漠相比，這一特點使商人更容易穿越。由此可知，戈壁沙漠之所以比其他沙漠容易穿越，是因為戈壁沙漠地表主要是堅硬的巖石，比較容易走。故選a。【10題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中so, rest stops w

32、ere created along the route, allowing travelers to rest, eat and drink. these places also promoted the exchange of goods, and even ideas, amongst the travelers who stopped there.可知，因此，沿途設(shè)立了休息站，讓旅客休息、吃飯和喝水。這些地方也促進(jìn)了停留在那里的旅客之間的貨物甚至思想的交流。由此推知，絲綢之路沿途驛站是世界各國旅行者共享的。故選d?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段最后一段although mercha

33、nts could make huge profits travelling the road, it was not without risk.可知，盡管穿越絲綢之路的商人可以掙大錢，但穿越絲綢之路并非毫無風(fēng)險。結(jié)合文章主要說明了絲綢之路危險重重，絲綢之路商人面臨的兩大挑戰(zhàn)一是沿途地理環(huán)境惡劣，二是路途可能遭遇的歹徒搶劫。故選c?！军c睛】代詞指代題要求同學(xué)們根據(jù)語境的邏輯關(guān)系、判斷畫線的人稱代詞或指示代詞在文章中指代的對象，包括考查it (指動物，無生命的事物、特定的事件或人)，they/them(指代人、物、事件的復(fù)數(shù)名詞)，he/she等人稱代詞的指代意義，以及指示代詞this，that

34、，these，those等在文章中的指代意義，考查同學(xué)們對文章中敘述特定的人，物，事件的認(rèn)知能力。解答這類題時，同學(xué)們要認(rèn)真閱讀畫線詞所在句和前后臨近句的內(nèi)容，分析人稱轉(zhuǎn)換和動作變換的詳細(xì)過程，理清來龍去脈和前后的因果關(guān)系，從而準(zhǔn)確推斷其指代的對象。如第一小題，根據(jù)上文although merchants could make huge profits travelling the road可知，盡管穿越絲綢之路的商人可以掙大錢，但穿越絲綢之路并非毫無風(fēng)險。根據(jù)該句表達(dá)的含義可知推斷出it指“穿越絲綢之路”。故選b。dlets begin with the story: king hiero

35、contracts the ancient greek polymath archimedes (阿基米德) to detect fraud in the manufacture of a golden crown. archimedes accepts the challenge and, during a subsequent trip to the public baths, realizes that the more his body sinks into the water, the more water is displaced making the displaced wate

36、r an exact measure of his volume.realizing he has hit upon a method to determine whether the kings crown was made of gold or silver, the young greek leaps out of the bath and rushes home naked crying “eureka! eureka!” or, translated: “ive found it! ive found it!”too bad, however, archimedes probably

37、 never uttered the phrase in that way.first and foremost, archimedes himself never wrote about this episode, although he spent plenty of time detailing the laws of buoyancy (浮力). the oldest authority for the naked-archimedes eureka story is vitruvius, a roman writer, who included the tale in his int

38、roduction to his ninth book of architecture. “vitruvius may have gotten it wrong,” says chris schmitt, a mathematician at the university of berlin and a self-described archimedes fan. “the method attributed to archimedes in the story works in theory so it sounds right, but when you actually try it,

39、you find that the real world gets in the way.”in fact, schmitt is one of a long line of scientists, including galileo, who have read the account and thought, “that cant be right.” as galileo wrote, archimedes could have achieved a far more precise result using his own law of buoyancy and an accurate

40、 scale. in fact, the surface tension of water can make the volume of a light object like a crown immeasurable. “there may be some truth to it,” schmitt adds. “archimedes did measure the volume of things but the eureka moment was maybe due to his original discovery concerning buoyance, not to sitting

41、 in the bathtub and then running through the streets naked.”much like newtons apple, the exclamation persists because of the enduring power of the story: a golden crown, a life in the balance, a naked mathematician. the suspect foundations of the eureka moment take nothing away from the words abilit

42、y to uniquely and concisely convey the flash of inspiration.12. according to the first paragraph, how would archimedes measure the volume of the crown?a. he would weigh himself with and without the crown.b. he would weigh the crown first and then put it into water.c. he would go to the public baths

43、wearing the crown on his head.d. he would sink the crown into water and measure the water displaced.13. what did galileo probably think of the naked-archimedes eureka story?a. he believed the word “eureka” was said in another situation.b. he suspected archimedes didnt run through the street naked.c.

44、 he doubted archimedes carried out the experiment independently.d. he thought archimedes would not have used the method described.14. what can be inferred from the underlined sentence in the last paragraph?a. the word “eureka” is still widely used today.b. the word “eureka” is now a formal scientifi

45、c term.c. most people accept the authenticity of the original story.d people are still inspired by the achievements of archimedes.15. what is the purpose of this text?a. to introduce the famous scientist archimedes.b. to examine the credibility of the eureka story.c. to explain how the word “eureka”

46、 was created.d. to urge people not to use the word “eureka” anymore.【答案】12. d 13. d 14. a 15. b【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要為論證阿基米德靈感迸發(fā)故事的可信度，文章從不同的角度來說明這個故事不一定是真的。而故事的可疑性，并不影響“eureka”一詞獨特而簡明地表達(dá)靈感閃現(xiàn)的能力?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中archimedes accepts the challenge and, during a subsequent trip to the public baths, realizes

47、 that the more his body sinks into the water, the more water is displaced making the displaced water an exact measure of his volume.可知，阿基米德接受了挑戰(zhàn)，在隨后的一次公共浴室之行中，他意識到，他的身體越往水里沉，排出的水就越多這使得排出的水成為他身體體積的精確量度。由此可推知，阿基米德會將王冠沉入水中，再測排出的水的重量來測量皇冠的重量。故選d。【13題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中as galileo wrote, archimedes could ha

48、ve achieved a far more precise result using his own law of buoyancy and an accurate scale.可知，正如伽利略所寫的，阿基米德本可以利用他自己的浮力定律和精確的比例尺得到更精確的結(jié)果。由此可知，伽利略認(rèn)為阿基米德不會使用所描述的方法。故選d?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)上文much like newtons apple, the exclamation persists because of the enduring power of the story: a golden crown, a life in

49、 the balance, a naked mathematician.可知，就像牛頓的蘋果一樣，這個感嘆詞之所以能持續(xù)存在，是因為這個故事有一種經(jīng)久不衰的力量：一頂金色的王冠，一個生命的平衡，一個赤身裸體的數(shù)學(xué)家。由此從最后一段帶下劃線的句子中可以推斷出“eureka”這個詞至今仍被廣泛使用。故選a。【15題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段too bad, however, archimedes probably never uttered the phrase in that way.可知，可惜的是，阿基米德可能從來沒有這樣說過。以及最后一段中the suspect foundations o

50、f the eureka moment take nothing away from the words ability to uniquely and concisely convey the flash of inspiration.可知，“eureka”一詞的可疑基礎(chǔ)，絲毫不影響這個詞獨特而簡明地表達(dá)靈感閃現(xiàn)的能力。結(jié)合文章主要內(nèi)容為論證歷史上阿基米德靈感迸發(fā)故事的可信度。由此可知，本文的目的是來檢驗eureka故事的可信度。故選b。第二節(jié) ( 共 5 小題; 每小題 2 分，滿分 10 分 )根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。leonar

51、do da vinci and naturein the modern world, art and science are two very separate activities, but in leonardos time they were closely connected. science meant mathematics and medical studies. _16_ mathematics included practical work like surveying land for making maps as well as measuring the movemen

52、ts of the stars in the sky. an artist might need to measure the different parts of the body. he could also use mathematics to place things in relationship to each other in a drawing or painting so the scene looked correct. _17_mathematics was also connected to music because musical sounds have a fix

53、ed relationship with each other that can be described in numbers. _18_ more than this, though, leonardo believed that numbers were a part of all things in the world, including music, and he said that “without them nothing can be done.”“nature has kindly given us things everywhere to copy,” wrote leo

54、nardo. in all his activities, leonardo was trying to discover the rules that control nature. in his search for those rules, he looked very carefully at a lot of examples and details. actual experience was more important to him than opinion, and he worked from facts to ideas. _19_ his purpose was to

55、examine the world so he could copy it in beautiful paintings and sculptures. he also wanted to learn from the clever solutions of nature._20_ his quick little sketches (素描), often done while wandering outside, helped him to catch a movement or a shape. more careful drawings would be done at a desk w

56、ith a pen and ruler. in july 2001, a small drawing by leonardo was sold for $12 million. it was the most expensive drawing in the world.a. leonardo was always drawing.b. how could these be connected with art?c. leonardos ideas were vastly ahead of his time.d. mathematicians and doctors worked to dis

57、cover the unknown.e. above all, leonardo wanted to understand how and why things worked.f you will see a good example of such positioning in the painting of the last supper.g. leonardo himself was a very good musician and liked to play an instrument and sing.【答案】16. b 17. f 18. g 19. c 20. a【解析】這是一篇

58、說明文。文章主要說明了在現(xiàn)代世界，藝術(shù)和科學(xué)是兩個非常獨立的活動，但在達(dá)芬奇的時代，它們是緊密聯(lián)系在一起的。文章主要介紹了leonardo da vinci對音樂和思想的方面的見解?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文in the modern world, art and science are two very separate activities, but in leonardos time they were closely connected. science meant mathematics and medical studies.可知，在現(xiàn)代世界，藝術(shù)和科學(xué)是兩個非常獨立的活動，但在達(dá)芬奇的時代，它們是緊密聯(lián)系在一起的?？茖W(xué)意味著數(shù)學(xué)和醫(yī)學(xué)研究。由此可知，此處應(yīng)是提出疑問科學(xué)與藝術(shù)有什么聯(lián)系。故b選項“這些與藝術(shù)有什么聯(lián)系呢？”符合上下文語境。故選b?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文he could als