期末復(fù)習(xí)人教版七年級(jí)英語(yǔ)下冊(cè)u(píng)nit3解析詞匯、句型解析及練習(xí)(有參考解析)

1、期末復(fù)習(xí)人教版七年級(jí)英語(yǔ)下冊(cè)u(píng)nit3解析詞匯、句型解析及練習(xí)Unit3 How do you get to school?01詞匯講解1. subway1） subway在美式英語(yǔ)中意為 地鐵"。更常用"takehe subway"或者"goby subway”表示 乘坐地 鐵“，而一般不用 "takes subway/'或者"gdoy a/the subway/'。例如：Let' go by subway.讓我們乘地鐵去吧。You can take the subway to come to my hous

2、e.你可以坐地鐵來(lái)我家。2） subway在英式英語(yǔ)中意為 地下通道"。英式英語(yǔ)的 地鐵"是"theunderground "。例如：We travelled across London on the underground.我們乘地鐵穿過(guò)倫敦。3） subway train 指 地鐵列車(chē)”；subway station 指 地鐵站”。例如：I' ion a subway train. I can' hear you clearly.我在地鐵上呢，聽(tīng)不清楚你說(shuō)話。It takes me 15munites to walk to the n

3、earest subway station from my home.從我家步行到最近的地鐵站需要15分鐘。2. ride1） ride做名詞時(shí)，意為“（乘坐汽車(chē)等的）旅行；乘騎；（乘車(chē)或騎車(chē)的）短途旅程”等。常用于詞組：go for a ride （去兜風(fēng)）give sb. a ride （讓搭車(chē)）。例如：Can you give me a ride to the market?你能讓我搭車(chē)去市場(chǎng)嗎？I ' like to go for a ride. 我想出去兜兜風(fēng)。How much is a ride? 乘一次多少錢(qián)？2） ride做動(dòng)詞，意為 乘車(chē)，乘坐，搭乘”。例如：He o

4、ften rides his bike to school.他經(jīng)常騎自行車(chē)去學(xué)校。My little sister can ride a horse.She' svery brave.我妹妹會(huì)騎馬；她非常勇敢。3. run1） run作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，有跑，奔跑”的意思，還有移動(dòng)，流動(dòng)”的意思。例如：He runs very fast. 他跑的很快。The rivers run into the sea.河流流入大海。Your nose is running, have you got a cold?你在流鼻涕，你感冒了嗎？2） run作名詞時(shí)，意為 跑；奔；路程；短期旅行”等。例如：It i

5、s an hour' run by train from here to London.從此地到倫敦搭火車(chē)有一小時(shí)的行程。Let's go for a run across the fields.咱們?nèi)ヅ懿?，跑過(guò)那片田野吧。拓展：run作動(dòng)詞時(shí)常見(jiàn)的用法還有很多：1)行駛；開(kāi)例如：Some of these old cars are still running.有些這樣的老車(chē)仍在行駛。Let me run the machine.讓我來(lái)開(kāi)動(dòng)這臺(tái)機(jī)器。2)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)；進(jìn)行；延伸 例如：The machines run day and night.機(jī)器日夜不停地轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。The road r

6、uns north.這條路伸向北方。3)追趕例如：The hunter is running a fox.獵人正在追狐貍。The dog likes running the chickens.那只狗喜歡追小雞。4)管理；經(jīng)營(yíng)；指揮 例如：My father runs a camera store.我父親經(jīng)營(yíng)一家照相器材商店。Who runs the business?誰(shuí)管事？4. think of1) think of意為 認(rèn)為，想起，考慮”等。后跟名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞等形式。例如：What are you thinking of ? 你在想什么？She will smile when she

7、thinks of her good friends.當(dāng)她想起她的好朋友時(shí)她就會(huì)微笑。2) think of當(dāng)考慮，對(duì)有某種看法“講時(shí)可以和think about互換。例如：Don' think of (about) me any more .不要再考慮我。They' rethinking about (of) buying a new car .他們正在考慮買(mǎi)一輛新車(chē)。常見(jiàn)的think構(gòu)成的詞組還有think over ,意為 仔細(xì)考慮”。例如：Think over , and you' find a way .仔細(xì)考慮一下，你就會(huì)有辦法的。5. come truec

8、ome true意為實(shí)現(xiàn)，應(yīng)驗(yàn)，成為現(xiàn)實(shí)”等，常用來(lái)表示夢(mèng)想、愿望等的實(shí)現(xiàn)，是一個(gè)常用詞組 例如：Your dream will come true.你的夢(mèng)想會(huì)成真的。His words really come true.他的話真的應(yīng)驗(yàn)了。拓展：realize和come true都有實(shí)現(xiàn)(理想/愿望等)之意，但兩者用法不同。realize是及物動(dòng)詞，常 用于sb. realize sth.這種結(jié)構(gòu)，句子的主語(yǔ)是人。come true 是不及物動(dòng)詞詞組，句子的主語(yǔ)通 常是理想、愿望”等詞。例如：The Chinese people are working hard to realize the

9、modernizations.中國(guó)人民正在為實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化而努力工作。His dream of becoming a teacher came true.他當(dāng)教師的理想實(shí)現(xiàn)了。6. nono有不，毫不，根本不”等意思，常見(jiàn)的用法有：1) no用于引導(dǎo)否定的答語(yǔ)，意為 不”。例如： Do you like the cat? 你喜歡貓嗎？ No, I don' t.不，我不喜歡。 Can you play the guitar?你會(huì)彈吉他嗎？ No, I can' t不，我不會(huì)。2) no置于可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前面時(shí)，相當(dāng)于 not a;放在可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)前面或不可數(shù)名詞前時(shí)，相 當(dāng)于not

10、any ；意為完全不，根本不例如：There are no (=not any) computers in that small village.那個(gè)小山村里(根本)沒(méi)有電腦。Kate is no teacher.(=Kate is not a teacher.) 凱特(根本)不是教師。注意：no也可以修飾形容詞比較等級(jí)，表示完全不，根本不”的意思。例如：I'm feeling no better than yesterday.我一點(diǎn)兒也不覺(jué)得比昨天好。7. like1) like作動(dòng)詞，意為 喜歡，想要"，反義詞是dislike或hate。后面可以跟名詞，動(dòng)詞不定式或 者動(dòng)

11、名詞等。例如：I ' like some noodles.我想吃些面條。My father likes watching TV after supper.我爸爸喜歡在晚飯后看電視。She likes flowers very much.她很喜歡花。注意：like后跟to do時(shí)，表示某一次的喜好或者傾向”；后跟doing時(shí)，表示一貫的習(xí)慣或者愛(ài) 好。例如：She likes doing her homework after supper, but today she likes to watch TV.她晚飯后一般喜歡做作業(yè)，但是今天她想看電視。2) like作介詞，意為 如同，像&q

12、uot;，反義詞是unlike。用于"beike +名詞或代詞”時(shí)，意為 像”構(gòu)成“l(fā)ookike時(shí)，意為 看起來(lái)與相像”。例如：The baby is like his mother.這個(gè)小嬰兒長(zhǎng)得像他媽媽。He looks like a teacher.他看上去像個(gè)老師8. cross1) cross作動(dòng)詞，意為橫過(guò)，越過(guò)”，指從表面上橫過(guò)。例如：They cross the river every day.他們每天者 B 要過(guò)河。Cross the road, you will see the store. 過(guò)了馬路，你就會(huì)看到那個(gè)商店。2) cross作名詞，意為 千字架，十

13、字形飾物；畫(huà)十字的動(dòng)作“。例如： Jesus died on the cross. 耶穌死在十字架上。He made a cross over his head. 他在他頭上畫(huà)了一個(gè)十字。拓展：across 和 cross 的區(qū)別這兩個(gè)詞都是 橫越，橫跨，橫穿”的意思，但是cross是動(dòng)詞可以單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)；但是 across是介 詞，需要和動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。例如：They cross the street to go to school every day.他們每天橫過(guò)馬路去上學(xué)。They walk across the street to go to school every day.他們每天

14、步行橫過(guò)馬路去上學(xué)。9. stop1) stop作動(dòng)詞，意為 停止，中斷，阻止，阻攔”等意。既可以做及物動(dòng)詞，也可以做不及物動(dòng) 詞。例如：The car stopped. 車(chē)停了。The guard stopped me at the gate.衛(wèi)兵在大門(mén) 口將我攔住。2) stop作名詞，意為停止；逗留,車(chē)站”等。例如：I will wait for you at the bus stop.我會(huì)在公共汽車(chē)站等你。He slowed the car almost to a stop.他放慢車(chē)速，車(chē)幾乎停住了。10. dream1) dream作動(dòng)詞，意為 做夢(mèng)，夢(mèng)見(jiàn)，渴望，向往”等意，既可以做

15、及物動(dòng)詞，也可以做不及物 動(dòng)詞。意為 做夢(mèng)時(shí)，后跟同源名詞dream做賓語(yǔ)；意為 夢(mèng)見(jiàn)”時(shí)，常和about連用；意為 渴 望、向往、考慮”等時(shí)常和of連用。例如：She dreams a good dream every night.她每晚都做美夢(mèng)。I sometimes dream about my good friends.我時(shí)常夢(mèng)見(jiàn)我的好朋友。I dream of becoming a teacher.我渴望成為一名教師。2) dream作名詞，意為 夢(mèng)，愿望，心愿”等。例如：It's my dream to win a Nobel Prize.我的理想是獲得諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)。Your

16、dream has come true.你的愿望變成了現(xiàn)實(shí)。11. 11-year-old11-year-old,是一個(gè)復(fù)合形容詞。復(fù)合形容詞的構(gòu)成方法有很多，基數(shù)詞+名詞（不用復(fù)數(shù)），中間用連字符隔開(kāi)，就構(gòu)成復(fù)合形容詞的一種，表示時(shí)間、度量等?？梢栽诰渥又谐洚?dāng)定語(yǔ)修飾 名詞。例如：a 10-year-old boy 一個(gè)10歲的男孩兒a two-day conference 為期兩天的會(huì)議a 3-hour journey 一次3小時(shí)的旅程a three-mile walk一段三英里的步行a two-hour exam.一次兩小時(shí)的考試12. hundredhundred是數(shù)詞，意為 百”，當(dāng)

17、表示具體的 幾百”時(shí)，用 基數(shù)詞+ hundred"，注意不加-s。例 如：There are nine hundred students in our school.我們學(xué)校有 900 名學(xué)生。拓展：1） hundreds of表示 數(shù)百，成百上千的”這時(shí)hundred后要加-s,且后面有介詞of,但是不能與 數(shù)詞連用。例如：There are hundreds of people in the restaurant.在餐館里有成百上千的人。2）表示數(shù)詞的還有thousand千"，million百萬(wàn)”，billion十億”。它們的用法和hundred 一樣，可 以用來(lái)表示

18、約數(shù)和確數(shù)。例如：There are thousands of people are waiting to see the movie star.數(shù)千人在等著見(jiàn)那個(gè)電影明星。練一練：I .根據(jù)首字母提示填空。1. He r bike to school every day.2. My home is about 5 k from school.3. It takes about twenty m to walk to school.4. The students in a poor village go on a r to cross the river to school.5. I wait

19、 for a bus at the bus s every morning.6. We should t of others first.7. There is a very big river b their school and the village.8. I go home by s on weekdays.9. One h is the number 100.10. There is no bridge and the river r too quickly for boats.n .用括號(hào)中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. About five(hundred) students in

20、 our school go to school by bike.2. How does your father(go) to work every day?3. The hamburger is not(health) food.4. Many of the(student) never leave the village.5. How do you(get) to school ?6. My mother(go) to work by bus every day.7. There are(hundred) of people in the cinema.8. He says his bik

21、e is broken, so he(have) to go to school by bus.9. It often(take) her 3 hours to play sports.10. I love my teacher. He is(like) a father to me.田.選詞填空。1. There is( no, not) bridge on the river.2. I can swim(cross, across) the river.3. she is a(9-year-old, 9-years-old) girl.4. She is(dislike, unlike)

22、her mother. She is tall, but her mother is short.5. She never(thinks over, thinks of) before she does something.6. My dream can( come true, realize), because I work very hard.7. He is(a, an) 18-year-old boy.8. Do you go by bus(and, or) by bike?9. Do you usually(take a subway, take the subway) to go

23、to school?10. (For, To) many students, it is easy to get to school.參考答案I .根據(jù)首字母提示填空。1. rides 2. kilometers 3. minutes4. ropeway 5. stop 6. think7. between 8. subway 9. hundred 10. runs n .用括號(hào)中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. hundred 2. go 3. healthy 4. students5. get 6. goes 7. hundreds8. has 9. takes 10. likeIII.選詞填

24、空。1. no 2. across 3. 9-year-old 4. unlike5. thinks over 6. come true 7. an10. For8. or 9. take the subway02重點(diǎn)句型解析1. be afraidafraid是形容詞,意為害怕的,恐懼的”。常和系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:I am not afraid. 我不害怕。句式be afraid是afraid最常用的形式，其常見(jiàn)的用法有：1) be afraid ofbe afraid of后跟名詞或者代詞，意為害怕某人或某物例如：Are you afraid of dogs? 你害怕狗嗎？She

25、 seems very much afraid of him.她好像很害怕他。be afraid of后跟動(dòng)名詞時(shí)，意為 怕做某事或不敢做某事”。例如： I' nafraid of telling her. 我不敢告訴她。He is afraid of jumping.他不敢跳。be afraid of還可以指 擔(dān)心會(huì)發(fā)生某事或某情況(但實(shí)際上未必會(huì)發(fā)生)”。例如：She was afraid of waking her husband.她怕吵醒她丈夫。I am afraid of hurting her feelings.我怕傷害她的感情。2) be afraid tobe afra

26、id to 后接動(dòng)詞原形，意為 害怕做某事或不敢做某事”。例如： He is afraid to fly in a plane.他不敢坐飛機(jī)。注意：表示擔(dān)心會(huì)發(fā)生某事或某情況，只能用 be afraid of ,而表示 害怕做某事或不敢做某事” 時(shí)，既可以用 be afraid of 也可以用be afraid to 。例如：Don' be afraid to ask (of asking) question.不要害怕問(wèn)問(wèn)題。He is afraid to go out (of going out) alone at night.他不敢晚上一個(gè)人出去。3) be afraid that

27、be afraid that后跟一個(gè)完整的句子，意為 擔(dān)心/恐怕”。例如：He is afraid that she will not come.他擔(dān)心她不會(huì)來(lái)。I am afraid I can' help you.恐怕我?guī)筒涣?你。在日?？谡Z(yǔ)中，"I ' afraid that在很多場(chǎng)合相當(dāng)于"I ' sorry, but”。用于提出異議，說(shuō)出令人不快的事實(shí)，拒絕對(duì)方的要求等，使語(yǔ)氣委婉。例如：I'm afraid I don't understand. 抱歉，我不明白你的意思。I ' nafraid you are wr

28、ong. (You are wrong, I iafraid.) 恐怕你錯(cuò)了。4)在口語(yǔ)中 I' nafraid so. 和 I' nafraid not.常用作簡(jiǎn)略答語(yǔ)。例如： 一Is it going to raintomorrow? 明天會(huì)下雨嗎？I ' nafraid so.恐怕會(huì)。 I' nafraid not.恐怕不會(huì)。2. It takes sb. some time to do sth.1) It takes sb. some time to do sth.是固定句型，意為 做某事需要花費(fèi)某人多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間 ”。take在此 意為 花費(fèi)”，it是形式主

29、語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是后面的不定式to do sth.,對(duì)這個(gè)句式 中的時(shí)間提問(wèn)時(shí)用how long 。例如：It takes me half an hour to finish my homework every day.我每天花費(fèi)半個(gè)小時(shí)的時(shí)間做作業(yè)。How long does it take you from your home to school?從學(xué)校到你家要花多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間？2)動(dòng)詞spend也有 花費(fèi)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間做某事”的意思，但句式和take不同。它的句式是"sbspends + 時(shí)間或金錢(qián) + (in) doing sth. /on sth.'；例如： I spend ab

30、out 3 hours (in) doing /on my homework every day.我每天花大約三個(gè)小時(shí)做作業(yè)。3. How do you get to school ?1)這是由how構(gòu)成的一個(gè)特殊疑問(wèn)句，用來(lái)提問(wèn)到達(dá)某地的方式。 句子的結(jié)構(gòu)是"How+do/does+ 主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+其他”。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)時(shí)，助動(dòng)詞用does,其余人稱(chēng)用do。例如：How do you go home every day?你每天怎么回家？How does your father get to work?你爸爸怎么去上班？2)特殊疑問(wèn)詞how有如何，怎樣，多么”等意，用于詢(xún)問(wèn)動(dòng)作執(zhí)

31、行的方式、手段、程度。例如：How does your father go to work?你父親怎樣去上班？On foot.步行。How do you like China?你覺(jué)得中國(guó)怎么樣？Very much. 非常喜歡。How are your parents?你父母身體怎樣？Fine. Thank you.很好，謝謝！拓展：how可以和不同的詞搭配，構(gòu)成不同的意思來(lái)引導(dǎo)特殊疑問(wèn)句，除了我們之前學(xué)過(guò)的 "howabout, how many/ much, how old '等，常見(jiàn)的搭配還有：how far用來(lái)詢(xún)問(wèn)距離，意為 多遠(yuǎn)”；how long用于詢(xún)問(wèn)時(shí)間的長(zhǎng)短或

32、者物體的長(zhǎng)度意為多長(zhǎng)/久”。例如：How far is it from your school to the cinema?從你們學(xué)校到電影院有多遠(yuǎn)？How long is the river?那條河有多長(zhǎng)？4. 表示 乘”的幾種表達(dá)方式1)用介詞短語(yǔ)來(lái)表示交通方式，介詞短語(yǔ)在句中作狀語(yǔ)。(1)用“by+交通工具名詞”表示交通方式。例如：by bike騎自行車(chē) by car乘小汽車(chē) by bus乘公共汽車(chē)(2)用“by+交通路線的位置”來(lái)表示交通方式。 例如：by water由水路 by land從陸路 by sea從海路 by air乘飛機(jī)(3)用“in/on +冠詞/形容詞性物主代詞/指示

33、代詞+交通工具名詞”表示交通方式。其中，in多用在car等交通工具之前，而on多用在bike/horse/bus/train/ship 等交通工具之前，它們的用法與 "by+交通工具名詞”的用法相同。例如：She often goes to school on a/her bike.= She often goes to school by bike. 她經(jīng)常騎自行車(chē)上 學(xué)。4) ) on foot步行。on foot是固定搭配，表示步行，其中 foot不能用復(fù)數(shù)形式feet,其前也不加 任何修飾詞。例如：She often goes to school on foot.她經(jīng)常步行去

34、上學(xué)。2)用動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)表示交通方式，動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)在句中作謂語(yǔ)。用"take+ a/the +交通工具名詞”表示交通方式。例如：take a train 乘火車(chē) take a bus 乘公共汽車(chē)take a ship 乘船 take a plane 乘飛機(jī)注意：騎自行車(chē)嚶翻譯為"ridea bike”(2)用某些動(dòng)詞來(lái)表示交通方式。例如：walk to步行去 drive to開(kāi)車(chē)去 ride to騎車(chē)/馬去注意：如果接地點(diǎn)副詞 here; there; home 時(shí)，介詞to應(yīng)該省略。5) I ' nnot sure.1)這句話的意思是 我不是很肯定。/我不是很有把握。&q

35、uot;；是一個(gè)表達(dá)對(duì)自己所判斷的事物沒(méi)有確切把握時(shí)的一個(gè)固定套語(yǔ)，它的疑問(wèn)形式和肯定形式也常用于口語(yǔ)中。例如：一Are you sure? 你確信嗎？Yes, I ' isure.是的，我確信。2)其中的形容詞sure意為 肯定的，確定的"，可以構(gòu)成詞組 make sure,意為 把事情弄清楚， 確信，務(wù)使”等；可以直接在句子中作謂語(yǔ)。例如：Make sure everybody understand you.要確信每一個(gè)人都明白你的意思。練一練：I .根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容補(bǔ)全對(duì)話，每空一詞( L: Lisa J: Jane )。L: Is this your new bike?J

36、: Yes. I 1 it to school every day. How do you 2 to school?L: I usually 3 the bus.J: How 4 is it from your school to home?L: I' inot 5 . It ' about 10 kilometers. The bus 6 takes about 20 minutes. How about you?J: About 15 minutes 7 bike. It 'good 8 .L: Yeath. Well, have a 9 day at school

37、.J: You, 10 .n .句型轉(zhuǎn)換，每空一詞。1. They go to school by train.( 對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn))do they to school?2. It takes about 20 minutes to go there by bus.（對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)）does it to go there by bus?3. It is 5 kilometers from my home to school.（對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)）is it from home to school?4. I ' isure.（變?yōu)橐话阋蓡?wèn)句）?5. Students go to school

38、by bike every day.（同義句轉(zhuǎn)換 ）Students to school every day.6. I often have bread for breakfast.（變?yōu)橐话阋蓡?wèn)句）you often bread for breakfast?7. Usually it takes him two hours to finish his homework.（變?yōu)橥x句）usually two hours his homework.8. Does Jane walk to school?（ 變?yōu)榭隙ň洌㎎ane school.9. They take the bus to sch

39、ool.（變?yōu)橐话阋蓡?wèn)句）they the bus to school?10. She takes the subway to go to school.（ 變?yōu)橥x句）She school.111 .根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)意思，完成句子，每空一詞。112 吉姆，你怎樣到校？一步行。 Jim,do you school?113 們必須騎自行車(chē)去那個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)。Youbikes to that farm.114 們可以坐火車(chē)去他的家鄉(xiāng)。We can the train his hometown.115 個(gè)男孩甚至想騎自行車(chē)環(huán)游世界。The boy even wants to go around the world116 校