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1、.1.2一、Time and Location (1)ancient times- about 12th B.C. (2)location:Aegean Sea(愛琴海)周圍地區(qū)(culture:CreteMycenae).3heavenly Aegean Sea.4二、The origin of Greek Mythology1.the symbols of natural things2.religious ceremonies3.historical legends4.the similarities of languages 5.art performance.5The content

2、s of Greek Mythology1.Gods stories2.Heroic legends.6三、Characteristics of Greek Mythology1.Anthropomorphism(神人同形同性)2.Worship of knowledge and for the secrets of nature and human nature3.Reflection of humans wish to change nature ;humans happiness;people foremost眾神眾神之王之王 宙斯宙斯Zeus愛與美神維納斯Venus.7四、四、Arch

3、etype of Greek Mythologyarchetypearchetypefeaturefeature女性神話原型女性神話原型女性在審美層面女性在審美層面和現(xiàn)實(shí)中的矛盾和現(xiàn)實(shí)中的矛盾男性神話原型男性神話原型男權(quán)文化的統(tǒng)治男權(quán)文化的統(tǒng)治意識意識英雄原型英雄原型西方人英勇無畏西方人英勇無畏的征服欲望的征服欲望漂流原型漂流原型旅程冒險(xiǎn)傳奇旅程冒險(xiǎn)傳奇.8archarchetypeetypefeafeatureture尋找原型尋找原型追求物質(zhì)與理追求物質(zhì)與理性性父子沖突原型父子沖突原型權(quán)力沖突權(quán)力沖突母子沖突原型母子沖突原型男女沖突男女沖突兩性沖突原型兩性沖突原型男女不平等男女不平等.9五、

4、Influence of Greek Mythology1、historical cradle and spiritual source of the whole western culture2、a kind of basic pattern to understand the world3、source of various culture of the later generations.10 cassandra complex 凱珊卓情結(jié) 希臘神話中的女預(yù)言家,特洛伊國王普里阿摩斯的女兒。身為神殿女巫,她獲阿波羅賦予預(yù)知命運(yùn)的能力,但阿波羅要求與她發(fā)生肉體關(guān)系作回報(bào),她拒絕了,阿波羅一

5、怒下向她施以詛咒:凡她說出口的預(yù)言將百發(fā)百中,然而誰也不信以為真。 心理學(xué)上指那些對尚未發(fā)生的災(zāi)難即將來臨深信不疑卻受到了周圍的嘲笑和輕視的人Example:The influence on English.111.Muses(繆斯):希臘神話中掌管藝術(shù)的諸神。共九位,分別是歷史、抒情詩、喜劇(牧歌、田園詩)、悲劇、歌舞、愛情詩、頌歌、天文、史詩。 Muses的藝術(shù)衍生出單詞music,Muses收藏藝術(shù)品的地方就是museum。藝術(shù)帶來的快樂便是amuse,amusement。.122.Morpheus:希臘神話中的夢神。夢神是睡神Hypnos(許普諾斯)的兒子,掌管人們的夢境。衍生詞:mo

6、rphine(嗎啡),marijuana(大麻),兩者都是opium(鴉片)的提取物。morphine有麻醉鎮(zhèn)定的作用。3.Eris(厄里斯) 不和女神,復(fù)仇女神。為了報(bào)復(fù)Narcissus(納西塞斯), 用詛咒使其最終死于自己的美麗。 衍生詞:“eristic a.爭論的,辯論的;有爭議的;詭辯的”。 n.爭論術(shù);論客4.Eros(厄洛斯):愛神。 是一位生有雙翼的美少年,相當(dāng)于羅馬神話中的Cupid(丘比特)。不管是Eros還是Cupid,成天無所事事,在天上飛來飛去練習(xí)射箭,搞得大家人心 惶惶。所以他們衍生出的單詞都含貶義:erotic色情的:cupidity貪心,貪婪。.13希臘眾神名

7、字對英語詞匯的影響希臘眾神名字對英語詞匯的影響月份名詞;一月月份名詞;一月J Januaryanuary來源于神話中守戶門的兩面神來源于神話中守戶門的兩面神J Janusanus三月三月M Marcharch戰(zhàn)神戰(zhàn)神M Marsars五月五月M May ay 掌管生殖和生長的女神掌管生殖和生長的女神M Maiaaia六月六月J Juneune來自來自天后天后J JunounoCronosCronos:宙斯的父親。害怕子女反抗自己,曾吞食自己的后代。:宙斯的父親。害怕子女反抗自己,曾吞食自己的后代。就像無情的時(shí)間,吞噬一切。因此字根就像無情的時(shí)間,吞噬一切。因此字根“chronchron”意指意

8、指“timetime”。衍生衍生 詞:詞:chronic(chronic(耗費(fèi)時(shí)間的,慢性的耗費(fèi)時(shí)間的,慢性的) ):chronology(chronology(年代學(xué),年代學(xué),年表年表) )。AtlasAtlas:希臘神話中:希臘神話中Titans(Titans(泰坦泰坦) )巨神之一,因背叛巨神之一,因背叛Zeus(Zeus(宙斯宙斯) )被罰在世界的西邊盡頭以雙肩扛天。被罰在世界的西邊盡頭以雙肩扛天。1616世紀(jì)地理學(xué)家麥卡脫把世紀(jì)地理學(xué)家麥卡脫把AtlasAtlas擎天擎天 圖作為一本地圖冊的卷首插圖。后人爭相效仿,圖作為一本地圖冊的卷首插圖。后人爭相效仿, atlasatlas從此有

9、了地圖、地圖集、身負(fù)重?fù)?dān)的人的含義。其他衍生詞:從此有了地圖、地圖集、身負(fù)重?fù)?dān)的人的含義。其他衍生詞:AtlanticAtlantic。.14源于希臘神話的英語習(xí)語源于希臘神話的英語習(xí)語the sword of Damocles(the sword of Damocles(達(dá)摩克利斯之劍達(dá)摩克利斯之劍) ):DamoclesDamocles是敘拉古王朝的一位是敘拉古王朝的一位大臣,非常羨慕帝王的榮華富貴。一天,國王讓他坐在王位上,在大臣,非常羨慕帝王的榮華富貴。一天,國王讓他坐在王位上,在 DamoclesDamocles的頭上用一根頭發(fā)懸一把利劍,告訴他王權(quán)的危險(xiǎn)就象那把劍一樣,隨時(shí)可能的頭

10、上用一根頭發(fā)懸一把利劍,告訴他王權(quán)的危險(xiǎn)就象那把劍一樣,隨時(shí)可能降臨。因此降臨。因此the sword of Damoclesthe sword of Damocles就成了就成了“富貴中隱藏的危險(xiǎn)富貴中隱藏的危險(xiǎn)”的同義語,的同義語,也可以指形勢危急,千鈞一發(fā)。也可以指形勢危急,千鈞一發(fā)。Damon and PythiasDamon and Pythias:DamonDamon和和PythiasPythias是好朋友。是好朋友。PythiasPythias出事被判了死刑,出事被判了死刑,為了使他能夠回家探視親人,為了使他能夠回家探視親人,DamoDamo留在牢中作人質(zhì),如果留在牢中作人質(zhì),如

11、果PythiasPythias不按時(shí)返不按時(shí)返 回,就處死回,就處死DamonDamon。當(dāng)期限滿,臨處刑之際,。當(dāng)期限滿,臨處刑之際,PythiasPythias及時(shí)趕回。國王深受感及時(shí)趕回。國王深受感動,將二人全部釋放,因此,動,將二人全部釋放,因此,Damon and PythiasDamon and Pythias意思就是意思就是“生死之交生死之交”。PenelopPenelops webs web:源自史詩:源自史詩奧德賽奧德賽(Odyssey)(Odyssey)。泊涅羅珀。泊涅羅珀(Penelop)(Penelop)是是奧底修斯奧底修斯(Odysseus)(Odysseus)的妻子

12、,以忠貞而著稱。特洛伊戰(zhàn)爭持續(xù)的妻子,以忠貞而著稱。特洛伊戰(zhàn)爭持續(xù) 了十年,了十年,OdysseusOdysseus在返家的途中又耽擱了十年。在這漫長的二十年中,許多王公貴族在返家的途中又耽擱了十年。在這漫長的二十年中,許多王公貴族向向PenelopPenelop求婚,她都托辭說必須等織完布后才能予以考慮,一求婚,她都托辭說必須等織完布后才能予以考慮,一 到晚上,她到晚上,她又將白天織好的布再拆開。因此又將白天織好的布再拆開。因此PenelopPenelops webs web就成了一項(xiàng)永遠(yuǎn)也完不成的就成了一項(xiàng)永遠(yuǎn)也完不成的工作。工作。.15下面選取了下面選取了1212個例句。這個例句。這12

13、12個句子都含有出自希臘神話中的典故。這些典故用詞不多,但個句子都含有出自希臘神話中的典故。這些典故用詞不多,但內(nèi)涵豐富,寓意深刻。內(nèi)涵豐富,寓意深刻。1 1Thanks to her agentThanks to her agent,a a veritable Pygmalionveritable Pygmalion,she she was transformed from an was transformed from an ugly duckling into a ugly duckling into a Hollywood beauty. Hollywood beauty. 皮格馬利翁

14、(皮格馬利翁(PygmalionPygmalion)是塞)是塞浦路斯國(浦路斯國(CyprusCyprus)國王,也)國王,也是一位雕刻家。他愛上了自己是一位雕刻家。他愛上了自己所雕塑的少女像(所雕塑的少女像(GalateaGalatea),),愛與美的女神阿佛洛狄特愛與美的女神阿佛洛狄特(AphroditeAphrodite)見其感情真摯,)見其感情真摯,賦予雕像以生命,使兩人結(jié)為賦予雕像以生命,使兩人結(jié)為夫妻。夫妻。PygmalionPygmalion現(xiàn)在喻指現(xiàn)在喻指“對對他人或物抱有積極主動、熱切他人或物抱有積極主動、熱切期盼態(tài)度的人期盼態(tài)度的人”。例句中。例句中PygmalionPyg

15、malion正是取了該意。正是取了該意。 2 2The present school curriculum seems The present school curriculum seems to some students a procrustean bed. to some students a procrustean bed. 句中的句中的procrusteanprocrustean是形容詞,由專有名詞是形容詞,由專有名詞派生而來。派生而來。procrustesprocrustes是古希臘阿提卡是古希臘阿提卡(AtticaAttica)一帶的巨人,譯為柏魯克洛斯德。)一帶的巨人,譯為柏魯

16、克洛斯德。他攔路搶劫,把受害人綁在床榻之上。如果他攔路搶劫,把受害人綁在床榻之上。如果受害人身高超過床榻,柏魯克洛斯德就截?cái)嗍芎θ松砀叱^床榻,柏魯克洛斯德就截?cái)嗥湎轮?;如果受害人身高短于床榻,他就抻其下肢;如果受害人身高短于床榻,他就抻長其下肢,使其與床榻齊長。長其下肢,使其與床榻齊長。procrustean procrustean 現(xiàn)在喻指現(xiàn)在喻指“強(qiáng)求一致的;削足適履的強(qiáng)求一致的;削足適履的”; procrustean bedprocrustean bed喻指喻指“強(qiáng)求一致的制度或強(qiáng)求一致的制度或政策政策”。例句中。例句中procrustean bedprocrustean bed正是取

17、了正是取了該意。該意。 .163 3The Argus-eyed examiner The Argus-eyed examiner certainly contributed to certainly contributed to the honesty of the the honesty of the candidatescandidates ArgusArgus是希臘神話中的百眼巨人,是希臘神話中的百眼巨人,譯為阿耳戈斯。他受命護(hù)衛(wèi)宙譯為阿耳戈斯。他受命護(hù)衛(wèi)宙斯(斯(ZeusZeus)所鐘愛的少女)所鐘愛的少女艾奧(艾奧(IoIo),后被眾神的使者),后被眾神的使者赫耳墨斯(赫耳墨斯(H

18、ermesHermes)所殺。他)所殺。他的眼睛被放在了孔雀的尾巴上。的眼睛被放在了孔雀的尾巴上。Argus Argus 現(xiàn)在喻指現(xiàn)在喻指“機(jī)警之人機(jī)警之人”;Argus-eyed Argus-eyed 喻指喻指“機(jī)警的;目機(jī)警的;目光銳利的光銳利的”。例句中。例句中Argus-Argus-eyed eyed 正是取了該意。有目光敏正是取了該意。有目光敏銳的監(jiān)考者在場,考生的誠實(shí)銳的監(jiān)考者在場,考生的誠實(shí)程度也隨之有所提高。程度也隨之有所提高。 4 4The preparation of the Oxford The preparation of the Oxford English Dict

19、ionary was a English Dictionary was a herculean taskherculean task 句中的句中的herculeanherculean是形容詞,由專有是形容詞,由專有名詞名詞Her-culesHer-cules派生而來。派生而來。HerculesHercules是宙斯(是宙斯(ZeusZeus)與阿爾克墨涅)與阿爾克墨涅(Alcmene Alcmene )之子,譯為赫拉克勒斯。)之子,譯為赫拉克勒斯。他是一位力大無比的英雄,克服了種他是一位力大無比的英雄,克服了種種艱難困苦,冒險(xiǎn)完成了種艱難困苦,冒險(xiǎn)完成了1212項(xiàng)強(qiáng)加給項(xiàng)強(qiáng)加給他的任務(wù)。他的任

20、務(wù)。HerculesHercules現(xiàn)在喻指現(xiàn)在喻指“無比無比英勇之人英勇之人”;herculeanherculean喻指喻指“極其極其驍勇的;艱巨的驍勇的;艱巨的”。例句中。例句中herculeanherculean取取“艱巨的艱巨的”之意。編纂之意。編纂字典無疑是一項(xiàng)艱苦卓絕的工作。字典無疑是一項(xiàng)艱苦卓絕的工作。 .175 5Tired of political dodgesTired of political dodges,the wouldthe wouldbe candidate decided to cut the Gordian knot by be candidate deci

21、ded to cut the Gordian knot by announcing that he would runannouncing that he would run 句中的句中的GordianGordian是形容詞,由專有名詞是形容詞,由專有名詞GordiusGordius派生而來。派生而來。GordiusGordius是弗里吉亞國(是弗里吉亞國(PhrygiaPhrygia)國王,譯)國王,譯為戈?duì)柕?。他打了一個復(fù)雜難解的結(jié),被稱為為戈?duì)柕?。他打了一個復(fù)雜難解的結(jié),被稱為“戈?duì)柕系慕Y(jié)戈?duì)柕系慕Y(jié)”(Gordian knotGordian knot)。當(dāng)馬其頓國王亞歷)。當(dāng)馬其頓國王亞

22、歷山大聽到神諭允諾,解開此結(jié)者將成為下一個亞洲之王時(shí),在無法解開此結(jié)的情況下,他揮舞利劍將山大聽到神諭允諾,解開此結(jié)者將成為下一個亞洲之王時(shí),在無法解開此結(jié)的情況下,他揮舞利劍將其斬開。其斬開。Gordian knotGordian knot現(xiàn)在喻指現(xiàn)在喻指“難辦的事,復(fù)雜的問題難辦的事,復(fù)雜的問題”;cut the Gordian knot cut the Gordian knot 喻指喻指“快刀斬快刀斬亂麻式地解決復(fù)雜問題亂麻式地解決復(fù)雜問題”。例句中。例句中cut the Gordian knotcut the Gordian knot正是取了該意,正是取了該意,“這位競選者厭倦了躲躲閃

23、這位競選者厭倦了躲躲閃閃的方式,決定直截了當(dāng)?shù)匦紖⒓痈傔x。閃的方式,決定直截了當(dāng)?shù)匦紖⒓痈傔x?!?” 6 6He was thought of as a titan of the American automobile industryHe was thought of as a titan of the American automobile industry TitanTitan是天神馬拉諾斯(是天神馬拉諾斯(UranusUranus)與大地女神蓋亞()與大地女神蓋亞(GaeaGaea)之子,譯為泰坦,是一位巨神。)之子,譯為泰坦,是一位巨神。TitanTitan現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在喻指喻指“巨物

24、;巨人,有成就的人巨物;巨人,有成就的人”。例句中的。例句中的titantitan取取“有成就的人有成就的人”之意,之意,“他被認(rèn)為是美國汽車他被認(rèn)為是美國汽車工業(yè)的巨頭。工業(yè)的巨頭?!?” 7 7The multimillionaire wondered, with satisfaction, if he truly had the Midas touchThe multimillionaire wondered, with satisfaction, if he truly had the Midas touch 邁達(dá)斯(邁達(dá)斯(MidasMidas)是弗里吉亞國()是弗里吉亞國(Phry

25、giaPhrygia)國王,他要求神賜予他一種特殊的魔力,能把他觸摸到的)國王,他要求神賜予他一種特殊的魔力,能把他觸摸到的一切變成黃金?,F(xiàn)在一切變成黃金。現(xiàn)在MidasMidas喻指喻指“大富翁;善于賺大錢之人大富翁;善于賺大錢之人”。 the Midas touchthe Midas touch喻指喻指“賺大錢的本賺大錢的本領(lǐng)領(lǐng)”。例句中。例句中 the Midas touchthe Midas touch正是取了該意,正是取了該意,“這位大富翁志得意滿,思量著自己是否真正具備了這位大富翁志得意滿,思量著自己是否真正具備了賺大錢的本領(lǐng)。賺大錢的本領(lǐng)?!?” 8 8Vietnam was P

26、resident Johnsons Achilles heelVietnam was President Johnsons Achilles heel 阿基里斯(阿基里斯(AchillesAchilles)出生后,其母捏住他的腳踵倒提著把他放到斯提克斯()出生后,其母捏住他的腳踵倒提著把他放到斯提克斯(River StyxRiver Styx)河水里浸)河水里浸泡。被該河河水浸泡之后,他渾身堅(jiān)硬如鐵,刀槍不久,但是他母親所捏的腳踵未沾河水,所以成為泡。被該河河水浸泡之后,他渾身堅(jiān)硬如鐵,刀槍不久,但是他母親所捏的腳踵未沾河水,所以成為他的致命之處,容易遭受傷害。阿基里斯也正是因?yàn)槟_踵被箭擊中而

27、死?,F(xiàn)在他的致命之處,容易遭受傷害。阿基里斯也正是因?yàn)槟_踵被箭擊中而死?,F(xiàn)在Achilles heelAchilles heel喻指喻指“致命弱點(diǎn),唯一弱點(diǎn)致命弱點(diǎn),唯一弱點(diǎn)”。例句中。例句中Achilles heelAchilles heel正是取了該意。正是取了該意。.189 9His protean personality fascinated his friends but at the same time caused them to His protean personality fascinated his friends but at the same time caused

28、them to distrust himdistrust him 句中的句中的proteanprotean是形容詞,由專有名詞是形容詞,由專有名詞ProteusProteus派生而來。派生而來。ProteusProteus是一位小海神,譯為普羅透斯。他是一位小海神,譯為普羅透斯。他是海神波塞冬(是海神波塞冬(PoseidonPoseidon)的仆人,能隨心所欲地改變自己的容貌。)的仆人,能隨心所欲地改變自己的容貌。ProteusProteus現(xiàn)在喻指現(xiàn)在喻指“反復(fù)無常的反復(fù)無常的人或物人或物”;ProteanProtean喻指喻指“變化多端的;多才多藝的變化多端的;多才多藝的”。例句中。例句中

29、proteanprotean取取“變化多端的變化多端的”之意。個之意。個性變化無常的確難以取信于人。性變化無常的確難以取信于人。 1010The police have had a Briarean grasp of the details of the murder caseThe police have had a Briarean grasp of the details of the murder case 句中的句中的BriareanBriarean是形容詞,由專有名詞是形容詞,由專有名詞BriarensBriarens派生而來。派生而來。BriarensBriarens是希臘神話中

30、的百手巨人,譯是希臘神話中的百手巨人,譯為布里阿柔斯。他幫助宙斯(為布里阿柔斯。他幫助宙斯(Z Zeuseus)與泰坦()與泰坦(TitanTitan)作戰(zhàn)。)作戰(zhàn)。BriareanBriarean現(xiàn)在喻指現(xiàn)在喻指“到處伸手的;多手到處伸手的;多手的;多方面的的;多方面的”。例句中。例句中BriareanBriarean取取“多方面的多方面的”之意,之意,“警察已經(jīng)多方面掌握了該謀殺案的情警察已經(jīng)多方面掌握了該謀殺案的情況。況。” ” 11. If you continue to keep in touch with the drugpusher, you will sup with Plut

31、o. 11. If you continue to keep in touch with the drugpusher, you will sup with Pluto. PlutoPluto是希臘神話中掌管陰曹地府的冥王,譯為普路托。是希臘神話中掌管陰曹地府的冥王,譯為普路托。 sup with Plutosup with Pluto直譯為直譯為“與冥王共進(jìn)晚與冥王共進(jìn)晚餐餐”,其比喻含義就是,其比喻含義就是“死亡死亡”。例句中。例句中sup with Plutosup with Pluto正是取正是取“死亡死亡”之意。販毒分子是世界各之意。販毒分子是世界各國追捕的對象,與他們打交道無疑將自

32、己推上了死亡之路。國追捕的對象,與他們打交道無疑將自己推上了死亡之路。 1212The young people were all touched by the Orphean singerThe young people were all touched by the Orphean singer 句中的句中的OrpheanOrphean是形容詞,由專有名詞是形容詞,由專有名詞OrpheusOrpheus派生而來。派生而來。OrpheusOrpheus是希臘神話中的詩人和音樂家,譯是希臘神話中的詩人和音樂家,譯為奧菲士。他的音樂今萬物感動。他的妻子歐律狄克(為奧菲士。他的音樂今萬物感動。他的

33、妻子歐律狄克(EurydiceEurydice)被蛇咬死,奧菲士含悲前往冥府)被蛇咬死,奧菲士含悲前往冥府尋找。冥王為其悲歌所動,放走了他的妻子,但命令他在未出冥府之前不可回首翹望。奧菲士在即尋找。冥王為其悲歌所動,放走了他的妻子,但命令他在未出冥府之前不可回首翹望。奧菲士在即將出冥府那一刻,偶一回頭,只見自己的妻子在冥府口消失。將出冥府那一刻,偶一回頭,只見自己的妻子在冥府口消失。OrpheanOrphean現(xiàn)在喻指現(xiàn)在喻指“迷人的;令人神往迷人的;令人神往的的”。例句中。例句中OrpheanOrphean正是取了該意,正是取了該意,“這些年輕人都被這位迷人的歌手打動了這些年輕人都被這位迷人

34、的歌手打動了”。.19希臘神話人物青銅時(shí)代的十二主神.20神王宙斯(Zeus) Zeus (Jupiter): Son of Cronus, overthrew(推翻) his father to free his five siblings(兄弟姐妹) and rule the gods. Wielding the thunderbolt(雷電), he is the most powerful of all the gods, but he is by no means invincible. On many occasions Zeus must bow to fate. He prod

35、uces many other gods through his infidelity(忠誠) and causes much conflict with his wife Hera. Mortals hold Zeus in the highest esteem(敬重) of all the gods. His bird is the eagle and his tree is the oak.21天后赫拉(Hera) Hera (Juno): Wife and sister of Jupiter. She is a protector of marriage and often a god

36、dess of childbirth. Her role in mythology is usually that of the jealous wife punishing the women with whom Zeus has sex. Her jealousy of Aphrodite causes her aggressive involvement in the Trojan War. In the tale of the Golden Fleece, she protects men. Cows and peacocks are sacred to her. Her favori

37、te city is Argos.22海神波塞冬(Poseidon) Poseidon (Neptune): One of the three Olympian brothers, Poseidon drew the lot for control of the ocean. Of the gods, he is second in power to Zeus. He is also known as the Earth shaker. He allegedly helped build the sacred walls of Troy. He gave the first horse to

38、men and horses remained his sacred animal.23冥神哈德斯(Hades) Hades (Pluto): The third of the Olympian brothers. He drew the lot to rule the underworld. Although he is allowed on Olympus, he is not truly welcome there. He made Persephonep:sefni (珀?duì)柸D?) his wife and rules with her as King of the dead.24灶

39、神赫斯提亞(Hestia) Zeus sister. God of the hearth(灶臺). The symble of the house around which new born child is carried before it is received into the family. Of all the olympians,she is the mildest,most upright and most charitable.25智慧女神雅典娜(Athene) Athena (Minerva): The daughter of Zeus who sprang from hi

40、s head fully dressed in arms. She is often depicted as a warrior(武士) goddess as well as the goddess of wisdom. She is allowed to use her fathers weapons(兵器). She is a virgin(處女,純潔的). Her city is Athens; her tree is the olive tree and her bird is the owl(貓頭鷹).26戰(zhàn)神阿瑞斯(Ares) Ares (Mars): The god of war

41、, son of Zeus and Hera. He is hated for his inhumanity(殘忍;暴虐 ) and brutality( 暴虐行為 ). He appears little in mythology and was loved more by the Romans than the Greeks. The vulture(禿鷲 ) and the dog are sacred to him.27太陽神阿波羅(Apollo) Apollo: He is the son of Zeus and Leto. The god of poetry, music, arc

42、hery and healing. He was born on Delos. He is called Pythonian from a python (蛇屬) he killed and Sminthian, the mouse god. The dolphin and the crow(烏鴉 ) are sacred to him. The laurel(月桂樹) is his tree.28月神阿爾忒瑞斯(Artemis) Artemis (Diana): The twin sister of Apollo. Artemis is a virgin huntress who also

43、possesses aspects of the moon goddess Luna/Selene/Phoebe(光明的). The cypress(柏樹) is her tree and deer are sacred to her although she is a patron of the forest and all things contained within.29愛情女神阿佛洛狄忒(Aphrodite) Aphrodite (Venus): The goddess of love and beauty. Sometimes said to be a daughter of Ze

44、us, sometimes a sister. In the Iliad伊利亞特 she is the daughter of Zeus and Dione. In other places, she was born from the sea near Cythereasri . Her beauty is often wicked or destructive. She is married to Hephaestus, although she often cheats on him. The myrtle is her tree. The sparrow, dove, and swan

45、(天鵝 ) are her birds.30火神匠神赫菲斯托斯(Hephaestus) Hephaestus (Vulcan): The son of Hera; was cast out of heaven either by Zeus or his mother. Although he loves peace, he is the god of the forge(鍛造) and makes the most highly esteemed weapons in the world. He is a patron of craftsmen(名匠 ) and an omen(前兆) of

46、civilization. He is kind and peace loving. He is the only god to be physically ugly. He is also lame. 他是諸神的工匠,具有高超的技巧,制造了許多著名的神兵神器。傳說阿波羅駕駛的日車、厄洛斯的金箭銀箭、宙斯的神盾都是他制造的。.31神使赫爾墨斯(Heimes) Son of Zeus. God of commerce. Messanger for all the other gods. Guide for the died to the underworld. He is thecleveres

47、t of the olympian gods. He is the fastest of the gods. He wears winged sand- als,a winged hat,and carries a magic wand(棒).32Pandoras box In classical Greek mythology, Pandora was the first woman on Earth. Zeus ordered Hephaestus to create her. So he did, using water and earth. The gods endowed her w

48、ith many gifts: Athena clothed her, Aphrodite gave her beauty, Apollo gave her musical ability, and Hermes gave her speech. When Prometheus stole fire from heaven, Zeus took vengeance by presenting Pandora to Prometheus brother Epimetheus. Pandora was given a wedding gift of a beautiful jar, with in

49、structions to not open it under any circumstance. Impelled by her curiosity (given to her by the gods), Pandora opened it and all evil contained in there escaped and spread over the earth. She hastened to close the container, but the whole contents had escaped, except for one thing that lay at the b

50、ottom the Spirit of Hope. .33在古典希臘神話,潘多拉是地球上的第一個女人。宙斯命令赫創(chuàng)造她。所以赫用水和土創(chuàng)造了她。神賦予她許多禮物: 雅典娜、 阿芙羅狄蒂給了她的美貌、 阿波羅給了她音樂的能力,赫爾墨斯給了她演講能力。 當(dāng)普羅米修斯偷了天堂之火時(shí),宙斯普羅米修斯的弟弟 Epimetheus 提出潘多拉報(bào)仇。潘多拉是鑒于結(jié)婚禮物的一個美麗的罐子里,不打開它在任何情況下的說明。她 (送給她的神) 的好奇心的驅(qū)使,潘多拉打開了它和其中所載的所有罪惡逃脫和遍布地球。她急忙關(guān)閉的容器,但整個內(nèi)容逃了出來,除了一件事,躺在底部 希望精神,.34An apple of disc

51、ord“不和的金蘋果”In ancient Greek mythology legends,Peleus and Thetis invited all the gods of Olympus except the goddess Eris. Eris put an inscription “for the most beautiful” the words of the golden apple, secretly on the weeding banquet, causing days of the goddess Athena and Hera wise God of love and b

52、eauty Venuss competition, all of them want to keep for themselves. Zeus said Trojan prince Paris could make the evaluation. Finally, apple belongs to Aphrodite. Since then, Hera and Athena hated the king of Troy and Paris. With the help of Zeus, they had their revenge, leading to the Trojan War last

53、ed ten years, and finally end with the fall of Troy.在古希臘神話中傳說,帕里斯(在古希臘神話中傳說,帕里斯(Peleus)和西迪斯()和西迪斯(Thetis)舉行婚禮時(shí),)舉行婚禮時(shí),邀請奧林匹斯山的眾神參加,卻忘了專司爭吵的女神厄里斯邀請奧林匹斯山的眾神參加,卻忘了專司爭吵的女神厄里斯(Eris)。厄里斯。厄里斯就把一只上面刻著就把一只上面刻著“送給最美麗的人送給最美麗的人”字樣的金蘋果偷偷放在婚禮宴會上,字樣的金蘋果偷偷放在婚禮宴會上,引起天后赫拉(引起天后赫拉(Hera)、智慧女神雅典娜()、智慧女神雅典娜(Athena)和愛與美女神阿

54、佛洛)和愛與美女神阿佛洛狄忒(狄忒(Aphrodite)的爭奪,個個都想占為己有。后來特洛伊王子()的爭奪,個個都想占為己有。后來特洛伊王子(Paris)出來評判,讓給了阿佛洛狄忒(出來評判,讓給了阿佛洛狄忒(Aphrodite)。從此赫拉和雅典娜就對帕里)。從此赫拉和雅典娜就對帕里斯和特洛伊王懷恨在心,并借宙斯的報(bào)復(fù)下,導(dǎo)致歷時(shí)十年的特洛伊戰(zhàn)爭,斯和特洛伊王懷恨在心,并借宙斯的報(bào)復(fù)下,導(dǎo)致歷時(shí)十年的特洛伊戰(zhàn)爭,終以特洛伊的陷落而結(jié)束終以特洛伊的陷落而結(jié)束.35Trojan Wooden Horse In the Trojan War, all the Greek city-states, in order to help Menelaus the king of Sparta recapture his beautiful and beloved wife Helen, they concentrated their soldiers to fight against Troy, but the Trojans were courageous and tenacious, the war lasted nine years.Later a Greek military called Odysseus came up with

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